...RAMAYANA The Supernatural Elements:- Every epic has got a supernatural element in it, which interfaces itself with the human element in the story. The supernatural element has been made use of in order to give more than ordinary importance to the action that takes place in the epic. In the Ramayana, the supernatural element plays a very important part in the action of the story. The nature of the supernatural beings that take part in the story and of the miraculous machines of destructions used by them as well as by the human heroes in their battles is discussed below: There are 2 classes of beings which belong to the category of the supernatural in the Ramayana. They are: 1. the raksasas and 2. the vanaras. 1. The Raksasas: The raksasas are beings of enormous power and size, and are known as premature (beyond what is nature) beings. Ravana has 10 heads, Trisivas has 3 heads. Some other raksasas and raksasas have heads of horses, wolves, jackals, lions, etc. By performing great and severe penance these raksasas had acquired great physical strength and many magical powers. They can bend the bow with such force that their arrows can break to pieces, the rocks thrown at them by their enemies. They can assume whatever shape they please. They can fly through the air with or without aerial chariots. In short, they posses all will powers and the qualities that are attributed to the Gods in the Greek mythology. The raksasas hate virtue and virtuous people and they love the...
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...I am fond of reading books. I have read a good number of novels, dramas, short stories and poems. Some books merely give enjoyment. There are others which leave a deeper impression on the mind. Some books infuse the spirit of nationalism in the reader. But I have not come across a single book so far, which is so good as the Ramcharitra Manas of Tulsi Das. Sri Goswami Tulsi Das Ji is the writer of this great epic. Every Indian has read or heard the story of Ram and Sita. The popular story has been narrated in this book in the most beautiful way. The language of the book is avadhi. We are told in it first the reasons for the birth of lord Rama. On the insistence of various gods and goddesses. He came on the earth in the form of a human being to relieve the pain and suffering of the virtuous. This book is divided into various parts. Every part deals with a particular aspect of life or performance of Lord Rama. Every Indian likes to hear the famous story of Ramcharitra Manas. Some have great faith in it. But my reasons for liking it are quite different. I have found in it, religious, political and social wisdom. It enlightens as well entertains. Indeed, it is a true treasure-house of rare wisdom. I will give here only some of the reasons which have made this book my favourite. In Hindi Literature it stands at the top. Tulsi Dass Ji has treated all the 'Ras' in it. This is simple. The beauty lies in the fact, that he has not crossed the limit at any stage. The 'Shringar Ras'...
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...Praise for the Shiva Trilogy ‘Amish’s mythical imagination mines the past and taps into the possibilities of the future. His book series, archetypal and stirring, unfolds the deepest recesses of the soul as well as our collective consciousness.’ – Deepak Chopra, world-renowned spiritual guru and bestselling author ‘Amish is a fresh new voice in Indian writing – steeped in myth and history, with a fine eye for detail and a compelling narrative style.’ – Shashi Tharoor, Minister of State in the Indian government and celebrated author ‘Furious action jumps off every page.’ – Anil Dharker, renowned journalist and author ‘Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy is already being touted as India’s Lord of the Rings.’ – Hindustan Times ‘…Amish has mastered the art of gathering, interpreting and presenting India’s many myths, folklores and legends, and blending all of that into fast-paced thrillers that change your views about gods, cultures, histories, demons and heroes, forever.’ – Hi Blitz ‘Amish’s Shiva Trilogy has a refreshing storyline… The narration forces you to impatiently turn the page to know what secret is going to be revealed about the “Neelkanth” next.’ – The Telegraph ‘It’s a labour of love... Amish also humanizes his characters, something which most popular Indian writers fail miserably at.’ – Mint ‘Amish’s philosophy of tolerance, his understanding of mythology and his avowed admiration for Shiva are evident in his best-selling works.’ – Verve ‘Tripathi is...
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...The Ramayana is a great Indian epic that takes place around 1000 BCE, and tells the life of India during that time. Rama is the main character; he is the hero of the story. Growing up he was a prominent child, excelling in all aspects of his life. Once he became a grown man, he was a perfect husband to his wife Sita, as well as being one of the fiercest warriors in the land. He was looked up too and admired by the people in his kingdom. Being the brave hero that Rama is, he was able to rescue Sita from her kidnapper Ravana.1 He was also forced to kill Vali in a non-honorable way in order to rescue Sagreeva’s wife. I don’t believe he was justified in doing this, but he sure was forced to considering the circumstance. One day, Sita was captured by a demon called Ravana because he wanted to marry her. Rama was enraged so he put together a small army to go confront Ravana in his kingdom. They built a bridge across to Ravana’s kingdom of Lanka, and took Sita back and brought her back home safely. In order to take Sita back as his wife, Rama asked her to prove her purity to him and she was able to do so.2 During Ramas quest to rescue Sita, he met Sugreeva. He had just been exiled from his older brother Vali’s kingdom because of an incident that occurred between them. Sugreeva and Rama made an agreement that if Rama helps Sugreeva defeat Vali and place him in the king’s throne, then Sugreeva would help him on his quest...
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...Elements of dispute Inter-personal a. Vali and Sugriva: They had a dispute over the kingdom and Sugriva’s wife. Intra-personal a. Rama had an internal conflict on taking sides with Sugriva and killing Vali from behind b. Vali had an internal conflict between the love for his brother and anger against him c. Tara had an internal conflict over saving the kingdom after Vali’s death and taking sides with Sugriva Avert and Covert agenda Vali Vali had an overt agenda to retain the kingdom and to kill Sugriva. His covert agenda was to keep Sugriva’s wife with himself and also to show how powerful he was. Sugriva Sugriva had an overt agenda to become the king and to take his wife back from Vali. He also wanted to let the world know that Vali’s accusations were not true. He had a covert agenda to marry Tara. Ram Ram’s overt agenda was to gather Sugriva’s help in his quest for Sita and to show the world that he helps the weaker ones. He had a covert agenda to warn Raavan by killing the Vali, who was the only one to have defeated Raavan. Tara Tara had an overt agenda of saving Vali and the kingdom. After the death of Vali, she decided to save the kingdom and considered her own safety. She had a covert agenda to become the next queen and to make her son the next heir to the throne. Handling of disputes by principal characters Tara, Ram and Sugriva were good in handling disputes. Tara always took the situation at place and acted accordingly. Ram did get what he wanted and...
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..., SHRI HANUMAN CHALISA, AARTI OTHER STUTIES ( PRAYERS) & Hindi English Kannada Gujarathi Tamil VR IN Shri Mandir San Diego California Shri Mandir WûlÉÑqÉÉlÉç cÉÉsÉÏxÉÉ Hindi Hanuman Chalisa , SHRI HANUMAN CHALISA, AARTI AND OTHER STUTIES ( PRAYERS) Hindu Mandir Society of San Diego, California 9474 # L Black Mountain Rd, San Diego, CA 92126 Tel: 858-566-5644 "Compliments of Shri Mandir" qÉÇaÉVûÉ cÉUhÉ sÉÉãMüÉÍpÉUÉqÉÇ UhÉUÇaÉkÉÏUÇ, UÉeÉÏuÉ lÉã§ÉÇ UbÉÑuÉÇzÉlÉÉjÉÉqÉ | MüÉÂhrÉ ÃmÉÇ MüÂhÉÉMüUÇiÉÇ, ´ÉÏUÉqÉcÉÇSìÇ zÉUhÉÇ mÉëmɱã || AiÉÑÍsÉiÉoÉsÉkÉÉqÉÇ WãûqÉzÉæsÉÉpÉSãWÇû SlÉÑeÉ uÉlÉ M×üzÉÉlÉÑÇ ¥ÉÉÌlÉlÉÉqÉaÉëaÉhrÉqÉ xÉMüsÉaÉÑhÉÌlÉkÉÉlÉÇ, uÉÉlÉUÉhÉÉqÉkÉÏzÉÇ UbÉÑmÉÌiÉ ÌmÉërÉpÉ£Çü uÉÉiÉeÉÉiÉÇ lÉqÉÉÍqÉ qÉlÉÉãeÉuÉÇ qÉÉÂiÉiÉÑsrÉuÉãaÉÇ ÎeÉiÉãÇÌSìrÉÇ oÉÑήqÉiÉÉÇ uÉËU¸qÉ | uÉÉiÉÉiqÉeÉÇ uÉÉlÉUrÉÔjÉqÉÑZrÉÇ ´ÉÏ UÉqÉ SÕiÉÇ zÉUhÉÇ mÉëmɱã || oÉÑÍkÉ AeÉÉRèrÉÇ cÉÉãmÉÉD UÉeÉÏuÉ lÉrÉlÉ kÉUã kÉlÉÑ xÉÉrÉMü | pÉ£ü ÌuÉmÉÌiÉ pÉÇeÉlÉ xÉÑZÉçSÉrÉMü || qÉÇaÉVû pÉuÉlÉ AqÉÇaÉVû WûÉUÏ | SìuÉçWÒû xÉÉã SzÉUjÉ AÎeÉU ÌoÉWûÉUÏ || SÏlÉç SrÉÉsÉ ÌoÉËUSÒ xÉÇpÉÉUÏ | WûUWÒû lÉÉjÉ qÉqÉ xÉÇMüOû pÉÉUÏ || eÉlÉMüxÉÑiÉÉ eÉaÉeÉlÉlÉÏ eÉÉlÉMüÐ | AÌiÉzÉrÉ ÌmÉërÉ MüÂhÉÉÌlÉkÉÉlÉç MüÐ || iÉÉMãü eÉÑaÉçmÉS MüqÉsÉ qÉlÉÉuÉFÆ | eÉÉxÉÑ M×ümÉÉ ÌlÉqÉïsÉ qÉÌiÉ mÉÉuÉFÆ || qÉWûoÉÏU ÌoÉlÉçuÉFÆ WûlÉÑqÉÉlÉÉ | UÉqÉ eÉÉxÉÑ eÉzÉ AÉmÉ oÉZÉÉlÉÉ || xÉÉãUPûÉ mÉëlÉçuÉFÆ mÉuÉlÉMÑüqÉÉU, ZÉsÉçoÉsÉ mÉÉuÉMü ¥ÉÉlÉ bÉlÉ | eÉÉxÉÑ WØûSrÉ AÉaÉÉU, oÉxÉçÌWÇû UÉqÉ zÉU cÉÉmÉçkÉU || MÑÇüS CÇSÒ xÉqÉ SãWû, EqÉÉUqÉlÉ MüÂhÉÉ ArÉlÉ | eÉÉÌWû...
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...THE RAMAYANA (“The Deeds of Rama”) Valmiki once was wandering through the forest along the bank of a river, when he noticed a pair of curlews hopping about on the grass, singing sweetly. Suddenly a hunter came along and killed the male bird with his arrow. As the bird was weltering in his blood and his mate mourning for him in pitiful tones, Valmiki was overcome with pity, and pronounced a curse on the hunter. But the words of the curse left his mouth in the form of a shloka-verse. Then the god Brahma appeared and bade the poet sing of the deeds of Rama in this very meter. Book I: Bala-Kanda (The Chapter on Rama as a Youth) In the land of the Kosalas (north of the Ganges), in the city of Ayodhya, there ruled a king named Dasharatha, who was mighty and wise, but still childless. The court advisor urged him to offer an imperial horse-sacrifice. The sage Rishyashringa, as the chief priest of this great sacrifice, includes an especially powerful offering rite that can cause the begetting of sons. When the offerings had been placed in the fire, the remnants were divided between the kings wives, who ate them. Just at that time the gods in heaven were much troubled by Ravana, the ten-headed demon king of Lanka. They therefore turned to Lord Vishnu, begging him to take human form in order to defeat Ravana. Vishnu agrees and resolves to be born on earth as the son of Dasharatha. So, after the horse-sacrifice was concluded, the three wives of King Dasharatha bore him four sons:...
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...Festival | Date of Observance | | Description | Makara Sankranti | First day of Uttarayana | | Makar Sankranti (harvest festival also known by other various names) is the only Hindu festival which is based on the Solar calendar rather than the Lunar calendar. The festival is celebrated by taking dips in the Ganges river or any river and offering water to the Sun god. In Tamil Nadu this is popularly called Pongal, and special prayers and offerings are given the Sun to thank him for the harvest. | | | | | | Vasant Panchami | Fifth day of waxing moon of Magh | | Vasant Panchami (also called Saraswati Puja by Bengalis) is celebrated for the blessing of Saraswati, goddess of wisdom and fine arts. | | | | | | Maha Shivaratri | Thirteenth night of the waning moon of Magh | | Maha Shivaratri is the great night of Shiva, followers of Shiva observe religious fasting and the offering of Bael (Bilva) leaves to the Shiva. | | | | | | Holi | Full moon of Phalgun | | Holi or Phagwah is a popular spring festival. Holi commemorates the slaying of the demoness Holika by Lord Vishnu's devotee Prahlad. Thus, the festival's name is derived from the Sanskrit words "Holika Dahanam", which literally mean "Holika's slaying" | | | | | | Vasant Navratri | Vasant | | Navratri is the Hindu festival of worship and dance. In Sanskrit the term literally means "nine nights". During this festival the forms of Shakti are worshipped. | ...
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...The ten Avaters In Hinduism, an avatar from Sanskrit "descent") is a deliberate descent of a deity to Earth, or a descent of the Supreme Being (e.g., Vishnu for Vaishnavites), and is mostly translated into English as "incarnation", but more accurately as "appearance" or "manifestation". The phenomenon of an avatar is observed in Hinduism, Ayyavazhi, and Sikhism. Avatar is regarded as one of the core principles of Hinduism. The term is most often associated with Vishnu, though it has also come to be associated with other deities Varying lists of avatars of Vishnu appear in Hindu scriptures, including the ten Dashavatara of the Garuda Purana and the twenty-two avatars in the Bhagavata Purana, though the latter adds that the incarnations of Vishnu are innumerable. The avatars of Vishnu are a primary component of Vaishnavism. An early reference to avatar, and to avatar doctrine, is in the Bhagavad Gita. Shiva and Ganesha are also described as descending in the form of avatars. The various manifestations of Devi, the Divine Mother principal in Hinduism, are also described as avatars or incarnations by some scholars and followers ofShaktism. The avatars of Vishnu carry a greater theological prominence than those of other deities, which some scholars perceive to be imitative of the Vishnu avatar lists. In Sikhism, an avatar is a deliberate descent of a soul to earth in any form. Guru Granth Sahib believes in the existence of the Dashavatara. In Dasam Granth, Guru Gobind Singh...
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...Sumi Loundon. It takes an interesting approach to Western Buddhism, divided in four parts being lessons, life stories, livelihood and personal reflections by the editor. It explains first-hand the overcoming of struggles and barriers faced by modern Buddhists on their everyday path to enlightenment. The stories of the young North American Buddhists vary from Lillian Guild’s search for a relationship with a strong religious foundation to Elijah Ary’s duty of bridging the Eastern and Western Buddhist worlds. As seen in lectures, Elijah Ary is a tulku, a reincarnation of a popular Tibetan Buddhist monk, and the only one ever born in the Western world (ever to be confirmed by the Dalai Lama). Another testimonial is entitled “I’m a Mutt” by Hanuman Goleman, a self-proclaimed “Bu-Hin-Chris-Jew”. Goleman explains his choice to focus on his Buddhist way of life, while remaining conscious and respectful of other faiths. Like Ary, Goleman was born to a Jewish father and Christian mother who later converted to a major Eastern religion (Hinduism at first, in contrast to Ary’s Buddhism). I found it interesting to see two men from such similar roots overcome great diversity and pursue the same faith with much different paths. Unlike Ary, Goleman was under no pressure to pursue his faith studies in traditional fashion, making his spiritual journey much more accessible. Goleman’s “everyone is right about God” philosophy and diverse religious backround makes his will to live a humble Buddhist...
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...0000000080587900 If I knew I couldn’t Fail, I would just go ahead and do this. I am sure all of us kids have our view on “Homeworks”. Getting up in the morning, practically have time to start and go to school and there for 6 hours its studies and learning. I honestly want my time once I am back home. Hello Everybody, today I am going to talk about the topic, If I knew I couldn’t fail, what would I do .I would like to tell you all a story of two small boys like me. In a far away land there were two friends, boys of age 10 and 7. They played amongst themselves and on a bright spring day, they start flying their kites and wander off a little far away from their home. The boys in their excitement didn’t see an open hole or well with water. The 10 year old boys slips in to it. Now the 7 year old boy screams for help but no one there. He sees a bucket with a rope and instantly drops it in and the older boy holds on to it, this fragile younger boy, pulls it and pulls it and after sometime his friend crawls back. Hooray, both of them run back to their homes. The parents listen to their stories and feel they are making it up, how can a small 7 year old boy pull out a 10 year old boy ? But only one man believes them, so the friends are happy. The younger boys father is little angry that one of the neighbours is believing this story and asks him how is it possible. The neighbor replies, “Well no one told the boy that he will fail. He never had the thought “What if I fail”...
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...HISTORY PROJECT Islam came to India with Turks. The interaction that took place between Turks and Indians resulted in the development of a syncretic culture. Mutual understanding and assimilation of each other’s culture took place in all fields. This process of assimilation saw lots of ups and downs. The new rulers built palaces and places of worship. Arabs borrowed the principles of arch and dome from Rome through the Byzantine Empire and adopted them. The use of arch and dome was seen in the new structures as they helped in the construction of lofty and impressive buildings. Now large halls could be constructed with a clear view. A fine quality mortar was another technique put to use in these structures. Decoration of buildings was done with geometrical and floral designs, combining them with panels of inscriptions of verses from the Quran. The combination of floral and geometrical designs with verses from Quran was called Arabesque. Earlier motifs like the bell motif, swastika, lotus etc. were also a part of the decoration. Animal and human figures were not used because it was considered unIslamic. Red sandstone, yellow sandstone or marble was used in constructing these buildings. Qutab minar was an amalgam of local features and new techniques, was constructed by Iltutmish. It is said that he dedicated this mosque to the Sufi saint, Qutab-ud-din Bhaktiyar kaki. Guru Nanak was born in a Khatri household at Talwandi on the bank of river Ravi. He was an accountant. He composed...
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...CONTENTS Media, messages and styles used by Indian marketing communicators of Films 1. Overview of Indian Film Industry and Market 2. 4Ps concept applied on the movie industry as a whole 3. Overview of the film making business 4. Classification of movies from a producer’s or distributor’s point of view 5. Classification of movies as products 6. Publicity of movies 7. How different media is used for publicity of movies? 8. Alterative marketing methods 9. Music as a promotion tool 10. Hollywood marketing strategies in India 11. Messages and styles used for promotion of films 12. Bibliography Objective: To find out the Media, messages and styles used by Indian marketing communicators of Films. Methodology The project is based on secondary data information, as a source of secondary data various websites, movie magazines and marketing journals are used. Abstract: Bollywood, which contributes 27% of entertainment revenues, is changing from a fragmented industry to a few stalwart organisations who occupy all parts of the value chain starting from production to distribution. The article explores the new emerging trends in innovative movie promotions in the industry. The changing paradigm of its viewer ship and the increased role of NRI clusters is leading to a structural change in the way business is done in ‘Bollywood’. Overview of Indian Film Industry and Market India is the world's...
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...Sources of Hinduism: Hindu ethics is taught through Hindu scriptures, for example * Vedas * Upanishads * Smriti * Bhagavad-Gita * Ramayana Importance of Hindu Ethics . * Human rights in Hinduism: "If by 'human rights' one means minority rights, then Hindu society can be said to have a human rights tradition, for it has always had a way of incorporating the poor and socially ostracized into the social whole."1 The caste system can be understood as a reflection of dharma or "the moral order" in Hindu society, which at its best maintains "reciprocal relationships of mutual economic and social benefit. Each group respects the rights and dignity of the others." * Rights of Women in Hinduism: 1. The Hindu Woman has no right to divorce her husband. 2. She has no property or inheritance rights. 3. Choice of partner is limited because she can only marry within her own caste; moreover her horoscope must match that of the intending bridegroom. 4. The family of the girl has to offer an enormous dowry to the bridegroom/family. 5. If her husband dies she should commit Sati (being cremated with her dead husband). Since today's law forbids Sati, society mainly punishes her in other "holy" ways. 6. She cannot remarry. 7. The widow is considered to be a curse and must not be seen in public. She cannot wear jewelry or colorful clothes. (She should not even take part in her children's marriage!) ...
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...Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana journey southward along the banks of river Godavari, where they build cottages and live off the land. At the Panchavati forest they are visited by a rakshasa woman, Surpanakha, the sister of Ravana. She attempts to seduce the brothers and, failing in this, attempts to kill Sita. Lakshmana stops her by cutting off her nose and ears. Hearing of this, her demon brother, Khara, organises an attack against the princes. Rama annihilates Khara and his demons. When news of these events reaches Ravana, he resolves to destroy Rama by capturing Sita with the aid of the rakshasa Maricha. Maricha, assuming the form of a golden deer, captivates Sita's attention. Entranced by the beauty of the deer, Sita pleads with Rama to capture it. Lord Rama, aware that this is the ploy of the demons, cannot dissuade Sita from her desire and chases the deer into the forest, leaving Sita under Lakshmana's guard. After some time, Sita hears Rama calling out to her; afraid for his life, she insists that Lakshmana rush to his aid. Lakshmana tries to assure her that Rama is invincible and that it is best if he continues to follow Rama's orders to protect her. On the verge of hysterics, Sita insists that it is not she but Rama who needs Lakshmana's help. He obeys her wish but stipulates that she is not to leave the cottage or entertain any strangers. He draws a chalk outline, the Lakshmana rekha, around the cottage and casts a spell on it that prevents anyone from entering the boundary...
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