...Clean Automotive Technology Program Developing Cleaner and More Efficient Vehicles and Engines for Tomorrow 2006 Progress Report Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What Is the Clean Automotive Technology Program? . . . . . . 3 Summary of Recent Key Accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Program Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Advancing Promising Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pursuing the Next Generation of Clean Engines . . . . . . . . 13 HCCI—Diesel Fuel Efficiency with Gasoline Emissions . . . 13 FPE—A Simpler, More Efficient Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Looking Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Introduction Background ransportation and mobility are central to the American economy and way of life. While the world’s desire for personal mobility and commer cial transportation has evolved, so have the geopolitical and environmental landscapes. Global demand for oil is at an all-time high, driving up the price of gasoline and diesel fuel, and the environmental consequences of mobile source emissions have become more and more apparent. More than 100 million Americans live in coun ties that do not attain federal clean air standards for ozone (O3), sulfur...
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...Maize milling machine correct operation method is the basis for the next step of maize milling machine performance. With social development, people lay more and more emphasis on food nutrition. Maize nutrition also causes our attention. Meanwhile, maize milling machine usage is more and more widely and the market has increasing demands for maize milling machine. We should abide by the operation rules to ensure the normal running. 1. When the maize flour yield is abnormal, we can draw out the screw shaft, check the cage bar and screw shaft abrasion. Change the wearing parts in time. Each lubrication part should prevent dust and other impurities. Each year, we should check the engine oil quality of the reduction gearbox once. If there has any degenerative oil, we should change all of the engine oil. 2. No quality, no production value. No quality, no market. No quality, no profits. No quality, no life. Therefore, we should try our best to improve quality, yield, safety, and reduce energy consumption. 3. To make MAIZE MILLING MACHINE usage more effective, we should operate maize milling machine according to the equipment operating instruction. Keep regular maintenance on the equipment. Avoid any error in production caused by incorrect operation. It’s better to have the professional maize milling machine engineers on scene to guide for you how to detect and maintain if you are not familiar with this. Usually the maize milling machine manufacturers will provide such after-sales...
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...Description [pic] ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Content Page ▪ Introduction The commercial aircraft engine consists of 3 major modules namely the Fan, Core and the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT). Each module will then be split into sub modules before it is stripped into individual parts. The engine is made up of thousands of parts put together and a typical shop visit (input, repair/upgrade, assembly, testing) will take approximately 60 days to complete. The current system of achieving the 60 days target is done by dividing the resources into 4 different sections. Each section will be in-charge of each module’s strip and assembly. Upon completion an additional team will put together all 3 major modules together before it is sent to the Test Cell for an engine run. The objective of this paper is to look into how the process of engine may be streamlined to reduce the overall turn around time (TAT). Some concepts and models adapted from an article “10 effective performance tools for 21st century managers” by Prof KC Chan (Reference 1) and the “Stage Gate System” by Robert R Cooper (Reference 2) will be incorporated to illustrate how to create an efficient system for the engine shop. The goal is to achieve at least 15% reduction in the TAT per engine. With a typical input of 100 engines per year, the target savings in number of labour days is approximately 900 days. Using the labour days multiplied by the cost of...
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...subsidiaries ▪ An International leader in the field of engine production ▪ Develops racing car engines for many years Kamp produces four main types of car engines Type 1 – conventional type / sells externally Type 2, 3 & 4 – high tech types / sell internally Financial Data on Kamp Motors 2001 (x €1 million) Sales = 361 External Cost = 204 Staff = 98 Depreciation = 20 An important order in 2002 (Develop Type 2A engine) Quantity = 5000 engines Variable cost per unit = 2500 Full cost per unit = 4000 Development cost = 200 Profit = 750 (if sells engines externally) Problem No. 1 What transfer price should Kamp insist on, in your opinion, if it were to supply the type 2a engine to the MB division now and in the future? Please give arguments for your proposal. You should at least consider the principle ‘minimum transfer price = variable cost per unit + opportunity costs for the supplier’ and the guidelines Vecu has for transfer prices. Please draw attention to the interests of Kamp Motors as well as those of Vecu as a whole. Taking into consideration Vecu’s transfer price policy, what do you think of Guy Mercier’s attitude? Given: Quantity = 5000 engines (for Type 2A) Full Cost per unit = €4000 (for Type 2A engine if calculated in usual way) Development Cost = €200 (For developing the Type 2A engine) Variable Cost per unit = €2500 Opportunity cost = €750 (Profit if sell engines externally) Calculation: Minimum Transfer Price =...
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...machine efficiency can be affected by maize milling machine operation, its technology level, the raw grain and so on. With social development, people lay more and more emphasis on food nutrition. Maize nutrition also causes our attention. Meanwhile, maize milling machine usage is more and more widely and the market has increasing demands for maize milling machine. We should abide by the operation rules to ensure the normal running. 1. When the maize flour yield is abnormal, we can draw out the screw shaft, check the cage bar and screw shaft abrasion. Change the wearing parts in time. Each lubrication part should prevent dust and other impurities. Each year, we should check the engine oil quality of the reduction gearbox once. If there has any degenerative oil, we should change all of the engine oil. 2. No quality, no production value. No quality, no market. No quality, no profits. No quality, no life. Therefore, we should try our best to improve quality, yield, safety, and reduce energy consumption. 3. To make MAIZE MILLING MACHINE usage more effective, we should operate maize milling machine according to the equipment operating instruction. Keep regular maintenance on the equipment. Avoid any error in production caused by incorrect operation. It’s better to have the professional maize milling machine engineers on scene to guide for you how to detect and maintain if you are not familiar with this. Usually the maize milling machine manufacturers will provide such after-sales...
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...It is very important for Cadbury to manage their physical resources in order to keep the company functioning. Physical resources are used in day to day running of the business, and without them, the business would be much less efficient. The managers of Cadbury are responsible for monitoring the equipment and checking the premise regularly to make sure everything is in good working order. It is also normally down to the manage to ensure all new staff have the correct training on how to operate the machines and equipment for their own safety and for the benefit of the machines. If all staff are trained to use all machinery there is less likely to be any accidents or breakage of the equipment which would cost the company money in repairs. Employees also work less efficiently with the machinery if they have not received proper training and are not comfortable using it. Cadbury have to make sure the physical resources in their outlet stores are appealing to their customers. If their shops look modern and inviting they will attract more customers. However, if the shop is unclean and badly kept, they will lose customers and business. Cleaning equipment in the factories and shops also has to be checked regularly, however machines such as hoovers do not last for ever so they have to be replaced when they no longer work efficiently. The manager in charge of the delivery part of Cadbury has to make sure all vehicles are up to date with MOT’s to make sure they still work properly. If this...
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...INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine (ICE) the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy. The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir. The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. The ICE is quite different from external combustion engines, such as steam or Stirling engines, in which the energy is delivered to a working fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in some kind of boiler...
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... K.VIGNESHWARAN, PRE FINAL YEAR, PRE FINAL YEAR, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRODUCTION ENGINEERING CONTACT ADDRESS: ROOM NO:45, VAGAI ILLAM, GCT, COIMBATORE-13 CONTACT NO: 9994978256 E-MAIL ID: vickydegr8@gmail.com ADVANCES IN AUTOMOBILES Abstract In this manuscript, research on hydrogen internal combustion engines is discussed. The objective of this paper is to provide a means of renewable hydrogen based fuel utilization. The development of a high efficiency, low emissions electrical generator will lead to establishing a path for renewable hydrogen based fuel utilization. A full-scale prototype will be produced in collaboration with commercial manufacturers. The electrical generator is based on developed internal combustion engine technology. It is able to operate on many hydrogen-containing fuels. The efficiency and emissions are comparable to fuel cells (50% fuel to electricity, ~ 0 NOx). This electrical generator is applicable to both stationary power and hybrid vehicles. It also allows specific markets to utilize hydrogen economically and painlessly. Introduction Two motivators for the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier today are: 1) to provide a transition strategy from hydrocarbon fuels to a carbonless society and 2) to enable renewable energy...
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...ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2005 Fall Technical Conference: ARES-ARICE Symposium on Gas Fired Reciprocating Engines September 11 – 14 ,2005, Ottawa, Canada ICEF2005-1352 Laser Ignition - a New Concept to Use and Increase the Potentials of Gas Engines Dr. Günther Herdin/GEJenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Prof. Ernst Wintner/Technical University of Vienna DI Johann Klausner/GEJenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Josef Graf/Technical University of Vienna DI Martin Weinrotter/Technical University of Vienna Kurt Iskra/Technical University of Graz ABSTRACT Due to market demands aimed at increasing the efficiency and the power density of gas engines, existing ignition systems are rapidly approaching their limits. To avoid this, gas engine manufacturers are seeking new technologies. From the viewpoint of gas engine R&D engineers, ignition of the fuel/air mixture by means of a laser has great potential. Especially the thermodynamic requirements of a high compression ratio and a high power density are fulfilled well by laser ignition. Results of measurements on the test bench confirm the high expectations – with a BMEP of 1.8 MPa it was possible to verify NOx values of a non-optimized system of 30 ppm (70 mg/Nm³ @ 5 % O2) with very high combustion stability. In the meantime, GEJ can look back at 6 years of excellent experience and can see itself as the “technological leader” in the field of laser ignition. Despite this, considerable developmental steps are still necessary to adapt...
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...our product mix. We don't seem to be making a profit on our Model 101 truck. Why don't we just stop making it altogether? Maybe we should purchase engines from an outside supplier, relieving the capacity problem in our engine assembly department. Why don't the three of you get together, consider the different options, and come up with a recommendation?" Production Possibilities and Standard Costs No The Merton Truck Company manufactured two specialized models of trucks, Model 101 and Model 102, in a single plant in Wheeling, Michigan. Manufacturing operations were grouped into four departments: engine assembly, metal stamping, Model 101 assembly, and Model 102 assembly. Do Capacity in each department was expressed in manufacturing machine-hours available (net of maintenance downtime). Machine-hours available, in conjunction with machine-hours required for each truck model in each department, determined Merton's "production possibilities." For example, the company's engine assembly capacity was sufficient to assemble engines for either 4,000 Model 101 trucks per month (4,000 machine-hours available ÷ 1 machine-hour required per truck) or 2,000 Model 102 trucks per month (4,000 machine-hours available ÷ 2 machine-hours per truck), if devoted fully to either model. Of course, Merton could also assemble engines for both models: for example, if...
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... | |HMBS BAHAMAS |Operational. Starboard main engine defective. COADMIN formulating Cabinet Paper to affect dry-docking and | | |engines and generator overhaul. | |HMBS NASSAU |Operational @ PGW, | |HMBS YELLOW ELDER (drydocked) |Non-Operational @ HMBS Coral Harbour | |HMBS P-38 |Non-Operational Severely damaged by fire. Awaiting insurance adjuster’s report. | |HMBS P-40 |Non-Operational Center console and flooring to be installed by base technicians. | |HMBS P-42 |Non-Operational Starters being installed. | |HMBS P-43 |Operational @ HMBS Coral Harbour | |HMBS P-44 |Non-Operational. @ HMBS Coral Harbour Port engine injectors to be programmed. Test run schedule for 27 | | |November, 2012....
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...better mousetrap, people beat a path to your door as promised. Or they don't, in which case the market must not exist. [1] Actually startups take off because the founders make them take off. There may be a handful that just grew by themselves, but usually it takes some sort of push to get them going. A good metaphor would be the cranks that car engines had before they got electric starters. Once the engine was going, it would keep going, but there was a separate and laborious process to get it going. One of the most common types of advice we give at Y Combinator is to do things that don't scale. A lot of would-be founders believe that startups either take off or don't. You build something, make it available, and if you've made a better mousetrap, people beat a path to your door as promised. Or they don't, in which case the market must not exist. [1] Actually startups take off because the founders make them take off. There may be a handful that just grew by themselves, but usually it takes some sort of push to get them going. A good metaphor would be the cranks that car engines had before they got electric starters. Once the engine was going, it would keep going, but there was a separate and laborious process to get it...
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...buy or rent * Recommended not to use until fully charged and this will take a long period of time * Speed is slow * The capacity of lifting weight is lower * Only usable indoor * You can’t handle until fully trained There are eight classes of forklifts. Class 1 forklifts are electric-motor rider trucks, either stand-up operator or seated three-wheel units. Class 2 forklifts are electric-motor trucks for narrow aisle or inventory stock/order picking applications. Class 3 forklifts are electric-motor trucks, either walk-behind or standing-rider operated. Class 4 forklifts are rider fork trucks, with cabs and seated controls, internal combustion engines, and solid or "cushion" tires. Class 5 forklifts are rider fork trucks, with cabs and seated controls, internal combustion engines, and pneumatic tires Class 6 forklifts...
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...AME: VISHAL KADU UINT NAME: FUNCTION AND OPEREATION OF VEHICLE PETROL INJECTION SYSTEM UINT NO: 8 ASSIGNMENT: 1 TASK: 1 EXPLAN THE OPERATION OF MULTI POINT AND SINGLE POINT PETROL INJECTION SYSTEM USED ON MODERN FUEL INJECTED ENGINES THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF FUEL INJECTION: Multi point fuel injection Single point fuel injection Sequential fuel injection Direct injection Carburetor WHAT IS FUEL INJECTOR? It is the driver turns the ignition key on the energizes a relay that supplies voltage to the fuel pump The motor inside the pump starts to spin and runs for a few seconds to build pressure in the fuel system a timer in the pump will run until the engine starts Fuel is drawn into the pump through an inlet...
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...celtCeltel Nigeria: Towards serving the rural poor (A) by Jamie Anderson, Martin Kupp Source: ESMT - European School of Management and Technology 20 pages. Publication date: Mar 27, 2009. Prod. #: ES0961-PDF-ENG This is a two part case study that explores Celtel Nigeria's innovative approach to serving the rural poor. Case A provides an overview of the mobile telecommunications market in Nigeria as of mid 2007, as well as detailed demographic and socioeconomic information. At the time of the case, Celtel Nigeria is the second largest mobile telecommunications company in the Nigerian market. The company has experienced considerable success in serving Nigeria's cities and larger towns, but has only recently shifted its attention to serving poorer consumers in rural areas - a massive but as of yet under tapped market. But this shift from urban to rural has not been easy, and although some 50% of Nigeria's population lives in rural regions the challenges of reaching them sometimes seem overwhelming. The absence of a reliable national electricity grid means that the company's rural telecommunications towers have to be run on diesel generators, resulting in high maintenance and diesel fuel costs. Theft and vandalism of expensive communications equipment and generators has emerged as a major concern, resulting in the need to employ full-time security guards on virtually every base station site outside of urban areas. At the end of case A, Celtel Nigeria's chief operating officer...
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