...E ROLE OF LAW IN THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM USING THE LAW TO PROMOTE OUR POLICY GOALS AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES The study of law is more than simply memorizing a list of activities that are illegal, such as Medicare fraud or price-fixing. It is more than memorizing the penalties for particular violations, such as the number of years in prison one can receive for a class B felony or the fine for driving 50 miles per hour in a 35 mile per hour zone. It is more than trying to remember the names of court cases or the citations to statutes and regulations. Instead, law is a policy discipline and a social science. Moreover, the law is not cast in stone, but is subject to change. For hundreds or perhaps thousands of years, people have reconsidered and changed the rules that govern their activities. In a democratic society, we have the power to make further changes in the laws by which we live. Therefore, as students and scholars of law, we not only study the current state of the law, but also what we think the law should be. In particular, we consider how we can use the law to accomplish our goals of public policy. We begin this type of analysis by identifying a practical problem. For example, we may want to focus on discrimination, violence, environmental pollution, or inadequate access to healthcare services. Then, we try to figure out how to use the law and the legal system to solve that particular problem by creating a new law or by changing an existing law. ...
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...tHospitals Healthcare delivery in India MARKET SIZE 2. Healthcare delivery market to grow at a 12 per cent CAGR by 2014-15 Overall healthcare delivery market 2009-10 ( (Rs 1816 billion) ) Overall healthcare delivery market 2014-15 P ( (Rs 3504 billion) ) OPD 37% IPD 63% IPD 66% OPD 34% Note: 1) IPD I patient department; OPD: O t patient department N t IPD: In ti t d t t OPD Out ti t d t t 2) The OPD market includes allied services such as diagnostics, but excludes expenditure on medicines Healthcare delivery market is estimated to be Rs. 1,816 billion in 2009-10 – IPD (I (In-patient department) treatments account for 63 per cent ti t d t t) t t t tf t The overall industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12 per cent over the next 5 years – Expansions by large private players are skewed towards higher value IPD treatments, as a result IPD share is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2014 15 2014-15 3. For estimation of market size METHODOLOGY 4. Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) HALE takes into account the following factors over a period of time: Geographical and demographic factors It is determined from a number of different data sources: – WHO Global Burden of Disease Survey – WHO World Health Survey – WHO Multi-country Survey Study – Local Medical authorities Severity of disease HALE Incidence of disease HALE is one of the critical variables i f th iti l i bl used to determine market size for the healthcare industry ...
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...ANNUAL REPORT 2010 N OVART I S G R OU P AN N UA L R E PO R T 2 010 OUR MISSION We want to discover, develop and successfully market innovative products to prevent and cure diseases, to ease suffering and to enhance the quality of life. We also want to provide a shareholder return that reflects outstanding performance and to adequately reward those who invest ideas and work in our company. 4 | GROUP REVIEW 19 | H E A LT H C A R E P O R T F O L I O 57 | C O R P O R AT E C I T I Z E N S H I P 8 5 | C O R P O R AT E G O V E R N A N C E 111 | C O M P E N S AT I O N R E P O R T 1 31 | F I N A N C I A L R E P O R T 1 2 N OVART I S G R OU P AN N UA L R E PO R T 2 010 CONTENTS GROUP REVIEW Financial Highlights News in 2010 Letter from Daniel Vasella Interview with Joseph Jimenez 4 5 7 15 19 23 35 39 45 51 57 61 67 73 78 83 85 90 101 111 112 HEALTHCARE PORTFOLIO Contents Pharmaceuticals Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Vaccines and Diagnostics Sandoz Consumer Health CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP Contents Commitment to Patients Commitment to People and Communities Commitment to the Environment Commitment to Ethical Business Conduct Independent Assurance Report CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Contents Our Board of Directors Our Management COMPENSATION REPORT Contents Compensation Report NOVARTIS GROUP FINANCIAL REPORT Contents Operating and Financial Review Equity Strategy Novartis Group Consolidated Financial Statements Financial...
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...Marketing is a major component for most business in the United States but is only just beginning to take hold in the healthcare field. Within the healthcare arena the concepts of marketing has taken a long time to develop. In the late 1970s Evanston Hospital in Illinois was the first hospital to hire a marketing person for healthcare. We are now in the early 21st Century and healthcare marketing is going full steam ahead. The purpose of this essay is to examine some of the healthcare marketing techniques and its possible impact on healthcare workers. General OpinionI have only been working in the healthcare industry for about seven years. Of the seven years, I worked five of them in one large medical center in a local town. Marketing was never a part of my vocabulary until recently. I honestly didnt pay too much attention to advertising campaigns until I started working for Saint Francis Medical Center in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Mass communication was and still is a major marketing technique that Saint Francis uses. A day doesnt goes by that you will not see the Medical Minute spot on the local television stations. Shortly after Saint Francis started using this technique, three other local hospitals developed their own television campaigns. Even though some people may get tired of the constant bombardment of these TV commercials, I believe that they may save lives as well as promote more business for the hospitals. As quoted by Wagner, Fleming, Mangold, and Laforge (1994)...
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...59643_CH02_5289.qxd 2 Understanding Healthcare Management The prior chapter addressed growth in the health services industry and opportunities for healthcare managers. By now the reader should appreciate that formal preparation in healthcare management can pay big dividends in terms of exciting management jobs and positions with excellent career advancement. But just what do healthcare managers do? And what are their roles and responsibilities? Healthcare management is the profession that provides leadership and direction to organizations that deliver personal health services, and to divisions, departments, units, or services within those organizations. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of healthcare management as a profession. Understanding the roles, responsibilities, and functions carried out by healthcare managers is important for those individuals considering the field to make informed decisions about the “fit.” This chapter provides a discussion of key management roles, responsibilities, and functions, as well as management positions at different levels within healthcare organizations. In addition, descriptions of supervisory level, mid-level, and senior management positions within different organizations are provided. 17 © Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 59643_CH02_5289.qxd 18 5/4/09 C HAPTER 2 10:39 AM Page 18 U NDERSTANDING H EALTHCARE M ANAGEMENT THE NEED FOR MANAGEMENT AND THEIR PERSPECTIVE Healthcare organizations are complex...
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...Raimi Abiodun, Professor ABSTRACT Healthcare leaders and medical experts have renounced their concerns about challenges ahead for healthcare and its leaders. The paper is meant to summarize, and explore the article and on Ronald G. Spaeth’s philosophies on healthcare, and examine Spaeth’s authority on business and healthcare through his education and works. He states that in recent years, healthcare institutions are now running more like businesses and that new healthcare leaders should already have a strong background in business. His methods of leadership will point out the limitations of healthcare institutions and suggest ideas for solutions that combine administrators and physicians working together on this problem. Ronald G. Spaeth has served on several boards and serves a president and chief executive officer of Highland Park Hospital (Highland Park, Illinois) merged with Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (Evanston, Illinois). Mr. Spaeth is a fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives. He earned his bachelor of arts degree from Western Reserve University in Ohio and his master’s in business administration degree from the University of Chicago in Illinois. He was also the recipient of the American College of Healthcare Executive’s 2005 Gold Medal Award, an honour conferred on outstanding healthcare leaders for their contributions to the field (Spaeth’s Argument para.1) Spaeth’s strategies as a leader for healthcare were having respect and admiration for...
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...Matthews and Donta state, “changes are reshaping health care and the future of how health care is paid for and received” (2005, p. 1). As American’s have been introduced to the Affordable Care Act this year, there have been many changes to overcome. As healthcare employees, change affects us internally throughout the healthcare industry. It also affects us externally as the cost of healthcare rises, and the patient count lowers because Americans cannot afford the cost of care. No matter the changes experienced in healthcare, employees must adapt as soon as possible to maintain the highest quality of care for the patient. Stakeholder Questions & Concerns During the organizational change there will be many questions and concerns from employees, society, and many others. Employees may ask questions such as “will there always be a promised job position for myself”, “will I still receive the same benefit package, short term leave, long term disability, and will by salary be stable”. Employees sort of “freeze” when there is change in a healthcare facility in fright that they are going to lost their current position. Society may ask questions such as “will I receive the same care as I did in the past after the change”, and “will the cost of service or copays increase during or after the change either”? Questions such as this are very important to patients because it is mandatory to know if they can afford the care without going into debt before stepping foot in the building. ...
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...PUBLIC AND THE HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM The Public and the Healthcare Delivery System September 11, 2009 The Public and the Healthcare Delivery System Thesis: Discuss the current American health care delivery system and provide recommended improvements. I. Discuss current healthcare delivery system A. Define concept of healthcare delivery system B. General public opinion regarding our current delivery system II. Examine the cost for the current healthcare delivery system A. Primary methods for funding B. Reforming cost III. What is the current role of the U.S. government in the healthcare delivery system? A. Medicare coverage B. Veteran’s hospitals IV. Insurance coverage for U.S. citizens A. Total number of U.S. citizens with no insurance coverage B. Reforming Insurance coverage for U.S. citizens V. Discuss changes we need to make in the healthcare delivery system A. Public option B. Offer low cost-coverage to individuals with pre-existing medical conditions VI. Who will absorb the cost for the changes needed in healthcare delivery? A. Insurance companies B. U.S. citizens References Bohmer, R. M., & Lee, T. H. (2009). The Shifting Mission of Health Care Delivery Organizations. The New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved September 11, 2009. Retrieved from http://healthcarereform.nejm.org/?p=1347 Dove, J. T., Weaver, W. D., & Lewin, J. (2009). Healthcare Delivery System...
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...Care Improvement Act, which extends current law and authorizes new programs and services within the Indian Health Service. This information is all well written and easily accessible for the general public, members of IHS, providers, and also those looking for a career opportunity in this specific field. This site also provides legal information such as eligibility and legislation for IHS, which covers 566 federally, recognized tribes in 35 different states. Overall this site is credible and well put together in order to aid the public in learning more about the health system for Native Americans and Alaska Native. NBC News. (2014). Broken promises: Reservations lack basic care. Healthcare on NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/id/31210909/ns/ health-health_care/t/broken-promises-reservations-lack-basic- care/#.VIOJX4d692c This news article provides a real life example of the Indian Health Service system failing to provide proper care to a five-year-old girl on the Crow Reservation in Montana. The article goes on to discuss the legality and weaknesses that are highly present in the IHS and also refers to the “don’t get sick after June” concept that is said when federal dollars for this service run out. Provided these real life examples and detail research...
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...and its analysis in system of healthcare, aviation, and engineering. Swiss Cheeses Model compares human system to Swiss cheese slices. The slices are piled together with one another. Basically it was founded in 1990, by James T. Reason, a British psychologist of University of Manchester. The model gained wide acceptance and has been used by healthcare industry, emergency services organizations, aviation industry, and safety industry since it was developed. It is also known as cumulative act effect. According to a survey, in most of the cases, there can be four levels of failure for an accident: unsafe supervision, unsafe act of themselves, organizational influence, and preconditions for unsafe acts. James T. Reason, in his Swiss Cheese Model developed defenses of organization against the failure and represented barriers as slices of Swiss cheese. And individual weaknesses are shown by the holes in the slices as part of the system, and all holes are different in position and sizes in those slices. The failure of the system occurs when holes in slices simultaneously align in aggregate, giving permission, as James Reason's said “a trajectory of accident opportunity", so that in all the defenses, jeopardy passes through all holes, which causes failure. Discussion The theory of James T. Reason involves mathematical analysis and is complicated and also involves underlying and active failures. Swiss cheese model applies here in the way that I can do to prevent the Swiss...
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...E P I DE M IC: R E SP ON DI NG T O A M ER ICA’ S PR E S CR I P T ION DRUG A BUSE CR I SI S 2 011 Background Prescription drug abuse is the Nation’s fastest-growing drug problem. While there has been a marked decrease in the use of some illegal drugs like cocaine, data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) show that nearly one-third of people aged 12 and over who used drugs for the first time in 2009 began by using a prescription drug non-medically.1 The same survey found that over 70 percent of people who abused prescription pain relievers got them from friends or relatives, while approximately 5 percent got them from a drug dealer or from the Internet.2 Additionally, the latest Monitoring the Future study—the Nation’s largest survey of drug use among young people—showed that prescription drugs are the second most-abused category of drugs after marijuana.3 In our military, illicit drug use increased from 5 percent to 12 percent among active duty service members over a three-year period from 2005 to 2008, primarily attributed to prescription drug abuse.4 Although a number of classes of prescription drugs are currently being abused, this action plan primarily focuses on the growing and often deadly problem of prescription opioid abuse. The number of prescrip tions filled for opioid pain relievers—some of the most powerful medications available—has increased dramatically in recent years. From 1997 to 2007, the milligram per person use of prescription...
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...Scan The study and ultimate strategic plan, very succinctly identified their regional medical healthcare landscape, regional economic and demographic statistics. Based on this data, the hospital determined that they could have a positive influence, not just within their 9-parish region, as well as, on the overall health of Louisiana’s pediatric population. Theory of Change and Program Portfolio According to the theory of change, for any change to take place, there should be a comprehensive description and illustration as to the way and reason the change would be the thing that is expected in that specific context. The entire theory focused on the specific gap that described as lacking for a program to work. All the goals are set, and the condition necessary is also explained. How the initiative would work should be explained together with the set goals to be achieved when the changes take place. Having the theory`s ideas in mind, access to care was the major issue identified. Proposed programs initialized included an increase in Orthopedic Day camps. It was determined that pediatric patients acute fractures and without private health insurance had severely less access to medical attention. For 2013, the hospital proposed to have its first camp in June of that year, allow injured children within their 9-partish region increase access healthcare appropriate to their medical situations. Furthering...
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...How to live longer? An analysis of the impact food consumption and healthcare may have on life expectancy. Econ413 SP2011 Introduction Life expectancy is important not only to individuals but also to the nation. To individuals, longer life expectancy gives people more time in their lives to do things they want and gives them opportunity to see their children and grandchildren grow up. To the nation, studying life expectancy helps the government plan for pension benefits and contributions. I want to analyze the impact of food consumption on life expectancy because today people care about eating healthier and America’s eating habit has been criticized for the consumption of too much unhealthy food. In order to measure the country’s eating habits, I used data over the past 40 years that includes annual meat consumption, fish consumption, milk consumption, fruits and vegetable consumption and etc. I will analyze the life expectancy over 1970-2008 and the corresponding food consumptions over that time period. In addition to eating habits, I believe that the nation’s healthcare spending and GDP are important determinants of life expectancy. Excluding them will result in a biased model. Therefore, I also included healthcare and GDP as independent variables in my analysis. Prior Research and Theory In the past few years, life expectancy and its determinants have been widely discussed in economics. In the U.S., life expectancy rapidly increased in the past century and led...
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...Course: HCA 375 Instructor: Vicki Sowle Discussion: Week (2) Discussion (1) Topic: Comparative Performance When we think of comparisons based elements of quality and the variance of why some healthcare institutions is thrive versus the sub-standard healthcare institution; we must consider factors that contribute to an institution becoming accredited. For example, the services an institution offers, staff to patient ratios, medical equipment used (technological resources), utilizing best practices that aims to reduce patient outcomes and cost, these factors may all contribute to higher standards thus validating accreditation. Healthcare organizations are prone to medical errors, as seen in the Virginia Mason Case. Although medical errors may occur, continuous quality improvement efforts seek to ensure medical errors of the same nature do not occur repetitively. “Hospitals deliver a number of reports on quality of care to accrediting bodies and independent agencies for quality recognitions and ratings so managed care companies, CMS, and the public have reliable information to judge the quality of care” (2014). For this discussion, I chose WellStar Healthcare system and Grady Memorial Hospital Corporation. WellStar Cobb...
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...The key role of effective and quality service in the healthcare system is to build therapeutic communication among patients. The vital element of therapeutic communication is having an attitude of respect for the patient as healthcare professional’s need to use their knowledge and interpersonal skills while communicating as this is an essential aspect of helping the patient who is experiencing health problems or distress, as well as facilitating the development of a positive nurse-client relationship. Childs,Jenkinson,Williamson. (2008) point out that. “Benner developed a linear theory to explain how nurses develop practical skills and move from being novice practitioners to becoming expert practitioner” (p.153). I have selected the “Hand over” scenario as it really inspired me as a student nurse; I am highly motivated to develop the vital skills needed in the years to come as there will be allot of opportunities as hand over is a vital part of a healthcare professional. In the scenario, before the paramedic hands over to the nurse he lets Sally know that he will be ensuring the nurse about her situation, the paramedic then informs the nurse about Sally, who is 35 years old and 28 weeks pregnant who lost consciousness while having breakfast with her husband. The paramedic also informs the nurse how Sally is primarily suspected of have a stroke as she has a history of high potential and some history of stoke in the family. After the paramedic’s examination before arriving to...
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