...Heart disease and stroke Goal Improve cardiovascular health and quality of life through detection, prevention, and treatment of risk factors for heart attack and stroke. The leading adjustable risk factors for heart disease and stroke are: High blood pressure High cholesterol Diabetes Cigarette smoking Overweight and obesity Poor diet and physical inactivity The risk of Americans dying from cardiovascular disease would be significantly reduced if major improvements were made across the U.S. population in diet, physical activity, control of cholesterol and high blood pressure, smoking and drinking cessation, and appropriate aspirin use. Cardiovascular health is very much influenced by the physical, social, and political environment, including: Maternal child health: Encompass the health of women, children, and families across the life course. This approach embraces the principles of health equity, cultural competence, community empowerment, and social determinants of health in a family-centered, intergenerational approach to maternal and child health. Promotion of healthy kids and families: Availability of healthy foods, extracurricular activities in schools and physical education can do much by improving physical strength thereby reducing overweight and increasing strength and stamina. Encourage kids to develop safe and healthy habits to prevent disease and injury. Make them aware of eating nutrients for growth. To stay healthy, be active...
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...After reading these two articles, I realize that I need to learn more about warning signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke as a woman and a public health student. Knowing the risk factors of this heart attack and stroke would help us to be more cautious and avoid all the risk factors as possible to prevent ourselves from getting the diseases. Obviously, it is surprising to see that heart disease is the number 1 killer among women, according to the American Heart Association article. Both women survivors of the articles called “Symptoms of a heart attack and a stroke” were considered themselves as a healthy person and did not realize that they would suffer from heart attack or stroke. I think that is how we feel about our health. To be...
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...Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION Health Promotion: Reduction of Stroke Deaths Jeffrey M. Heist Indiana State University Introduction The development of health care policy in the United States has historically, been based on the fact that clinicians were responsible to treat primary illness rather than the promotion of health as it related to personal health behaviors (U.S. Preventative Services Task Force, 2011). This paper will examine the Healthy People 2020 objective HDS-3, Reducing Stroke Deaths (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011), and how the promotion of this objective has progressed since it’s Healthy People 2010, 12-7, predecessor. History The Healthy People initiative was introduced in 1979, by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), in an effort to provide a systematic approach to improving health (Koh, 2010). The plans, known as HP 1990-Promoting Health/Preventing Disease (Centers for Disease Control, 2011), Healthy People 2000, Healthy People 2010 and the current Healthy People 2020 have focused on identifying health priorities and aligning the strategies to effectively implement those strategies. The goals related to each version of the initiative have changed, as have the number of objectives/measures. HP 1990 goals were to decrease mortality in infants and adults and to increase the independence among older adults while the Healthy People 2020 goals were aimed at: ...
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...Chronic diseases are diseases or conditions that persist or progress over a long time. Chronic diseases develop slowly. Chronic illnesses are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely. There are many different chronic diseases, but the two biggest killers are cardiovascular disease and cancer, by far the leading causes of death in the United States as well as the rest of the world. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a group of diseases that includes two major categories: diseases of the heart and cerebrovascular disease (primarily stroke). Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth and reproduction. Cancer can occur in any part of the body, but we’ll discuss a few that are of the greatest importance to women’s health: breast cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the reproductive system, and a few others. More lives are claimed by CVD than by the next five leading causes of death combined. Cardiovascular deaths usually occur in later years when women are beset with a variety of comorbid conditions, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, osteoporosis, and diabetes. The two major forms of CVD are heart disease and stroke; of these, coronary heart disease is the major killer. Strokes, however, also cause many deaths, and they disproportionately affect women—6 of 10 people who die from strokes are women. Cardiovascular disease imposes a heavy burden on the medical care system in the United States, particularly on...
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...CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an abnormal functioning of the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease (HD) is a general term for a variety of heart conditions. The most common form of HD is coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) because it involves the coronary arteries. Other types of CVD include hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, congenital cardiovascular defects, hardening or narrowing (atherosclerosis) of the blood vessels, including the coronary arties, and other diseases of the circulatory system. The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 percent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 percent), raised blood glucose (6 percent), physical inactivity (6 percent) and overweight and obesity (5 percent). MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: 1) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Blood pressure is measured as two numbers, written one over the other and recorded in millimeters of mercury – for example, 120/78 mm Hg. High blood pressure is defined as a repeatedly elevated systolic pressure of 140 or higher OR a diastolic pressure of 90...
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...Heart Disease and Stroke in Brookhaven Joanne Lauten Chamberlain College of Nursing NR443 Community Health Nursing Heart Disease and Stroke in Brookhaven Public health is a dynamic field of medicine that is concerned primarily with improving the health of populations rather than just the health of individuals. Nies defines public health nursing as; “preserving the health of the community and surrounding population by focusing on health promotion and maintenance” (Nies & Mcewen, 2007). Community Health Nurses are aware that stroke is one of the world’s leading preventable causes of death. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) every forty seconds someone in the United States has a stroke, making it the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control , 2012). Community Brookhaven is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, and the largest town in New York State. Its south coastline is Great South Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean on the north. A large part of Fire Island and the Great South Bay are in the town. It has a large hill, known as "Bald Hill", in the hamlet of Farmingville, which marks where the glacier which formed Long Island stopped. At the top of Bald Hill is a Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Brookhaven National Laboratory is also located within the town. Demographic Data Epidemiologic Data According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Brookhaven’s total population is 490,016. The median age is 35 years, compared...
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...Coronary Artery Disease. Coronary artery disease is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (sometimes called “hardening” or “clogging” of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (called plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries. These plaques can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle by physically clogging the artery or by causing abnormal artery tone and function. Without an adequate blood supply, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to work properly. This can cause chest pain called angina. If blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is cut off entirely, or if the energy demands of the heart become much greater than its blood supply, a heart attack (injury to the heart muscle) may occur. Your coronary arteries are shaped like hollow tubes through which blood can flow freely. The muscular walls of the coronary arteries are normally smooth and elastic and are lined with a layer of cells called the endothelium. The endothelium provides a physical barrier between the blood stream and the coronary artery walls, while regulating the function of the artery by releasing chemical signals in response to various stimuli. Coronary artery disease starts when you are very young. Before your teen years, the blood vessel walls begin to show streaks of fat. As you get older, the fat builds up, causing slight injury to your blood vessel walls. Other substances traveling...
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...signs, Shermane was having a stroke. A stroke? How could it be? After all, she thought of herself as perfectly healthy. But it turns out Shermane had been at risk all along. Like many other African American women, she had a strong family history of high blood pressure and heart disease. Unfortunately, she didn’t discover this until it was almost too late. Heart disease is the No. 1 killer in women, and stroke disproportionately affects African Americans. Importantly, African American women are less likely than Caucasian women to be aware that heart disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, physical inactivity, obesity and a family history of heart disease are all greatly prevalent among African Americans and are major risk factors for heart disease and stroke. What’s more, African American women have almost two times the risk of stroke than Caucasians, and more likely to die at an earlier age when compared to women of other ethnicities. Here are a few unsettling stats: Cardiovascular diseases kill nearly 50,000 African American women annually. Of African-American women ages 20 and older, 49 percent have heart diseases. Only 1 in 5 African American women believes she is personally at risk. Only 52 percent of African American women are aware of the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. Only 36 percent of African American women know that heart disease is their greatest health risk...
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...Health Priorities Report Health Priorities Report yuliya sadaunichaya yuliya sadaunichaya Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as a health priority area because it is major health and economic burden on Australia. It is one of the leading causes of sickness and death in Australia, although there are significant differences in the incidence and prevalence of the disease among population subgroups. CVD can be attributed to a number of modifiable risk factors. The nature of CVD Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to damage to, or disease of, the heart, arteries, veins and/or smaller blood vessels. The three major forms of this disease are: * Coronary heart disease – the poor supply of blood to the muscular walls of the heart by its own blood supply vessels, the coronary arteries * Stroke – the interruption of the supply of blood to the brain * Peripheral Vascular disease – diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries that affect the limbs, usually reducing blood supply to the legs Cardiovascular disease is most evident as stroke, heart attack, angina, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most of these conditions. This is the build-up of fatty and/or fibrous material on the interior walls of arteries. This build-up hinders the flow of blood to the body’s tissues and also acts to increase blood pressure. Often, the build-up occurs...
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...Nutrition Outline 05-05-2012 Heart Disease I. Introduction: In America, Heart Disease is one of the leading causes of death. I will discuss what Heart Disease is and ways to prevent and treat heart disease, as well as what contributes to Heart Disease and why it is important to prevent it. A. What is Heart Disease? 1. Heart disease is a broad term used to describe a range of diseases that affect your heart. The various diseases that fall under the umbrella of heart disease include diseases of your blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems; heart infections; and heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects). 2. Heart disease symptoms vary, depending on what type of heart disease you have. II. What causes Heart Disease? A. Risk Factors of Heart Disease 1. Age: Simply getting older increases your risk of damaged and narrowed arteries and weakened or thickened heart muscle, which contribute to heart disease. Sex: Men are generally at greater risk of heart disease. However, the risk for a woman increases after menopause. Family history: A family history of heart disease increases your risk of coronary artery disease, especially if a parent developed it at an early age. Smoking: Nicotine constricts your blood vessels, and carbon monoxide can damage their inner lining, making them more susceptible to atherosclerosis. Heart attacks are more common in smokers than in nonsmokers...
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...Promotion Tool Heart disease is the leading cause of death of women in the United States. There were 60% more women who died from a cardio vascular disease that all other cancers combined in 2004 ("Women'Shealth.gov: Heart Disease Fact Sheet", 2012). One in four women dies from heart disease each year in the U.S. These are staggering numbers suggesting that a person is more likely than not to know someone who will die from a heart attack or stroke than from cancer. Only 54% actually recognize heart disease as the leading killer of women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Heart disease is a term used to cover a range of silent diseases that affect the heart including, but not limited to, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and congenital heart disease ("Heart Disease: Definition", 2015). These diseases are “silent” because many times there are not symptoms suggesting a problem before the patient experiences a heart attack or stroke (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Then main cause of heart disease is a buildup of plaque in the arteries that can cause narrowing or a complete blockage which in turn leads to heart attacks or strokes ("Heart Disease: Causes", 1998-2015). An unhealthy diet, smoking, obesity, and a lack of exercise can all lead to narrowing and blockage ("Heart Disease: Causes", 1998-2015). Each of these things is correctable by a simple change in life style. Prevention is the best way to fight heart disease. “Know your numbers”...
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...buildup of fatty substances in the arteries — which can lead to coronary heart disease, heart attack (myocardial infarction) and stroke. Controlling or reversing atherosclerosis is an important part of preventing future heart attack or stroke You can modify or control six major independent risk factors for coronary heart disease: • • • • • • Cigarette and tobacco smoke High blood cholesterol High blood pressure Physical inactivity Overweight or obesity Diabetes Smoking by itself increases the risk of coronary heart disease. When it acts with the other factors, it greatly increases your risk from those factors, too. Smoking decreases your tolerance for physical activity and increases the tendency for blood to clot. It decreases HDL (good) cholesterol. Your risks increase greatly if you smoke and have a family history of heart disease. Smoking also creates a higher risk for peripheral artery disease and aortic aneurysm. It increases the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease after bypass surgery, too. Smoking is also an important risk factor for stroke. Inhaling cigarette smoke produces several effects that damage the cerebrovascular system. Women who take oral contraceptives and smoke increase their risk of stroke many times. Cigars and pipes aren't a "safer" alternative to cigarettes. People who smoke cigars or pipes seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart disease (and possibly stroke), even though their risk isn't as great as that of cigarette smokers. Breathe...
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...Young Adulthood Stages of Development Physical development for the young adult typically sees one in the best physical condition: strong, sharp senses, and stamina. Memory and thinking (cognitive) abilities are at their highest. The social development and personality development for the young adult can be identified with a desire to be socially independent and with a high ambition to succeed and can include occupation selection, selecting a life-partner, starting a family, accepting responsibilities, and social networking. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Middle Adulthood Stages of Development The physical development in middle adulthood can be accompanied a loss of strength, vision sharpness, strength, and coordination. Cognitive development during middle adulthood generally shows an average memory loss and a reduced ability to perform tasks requiring speed. The social and personality development during middle adulthood is considered by some to be synonymous with "mid-life crisis" which heralds the reevaluation of one's life goals and accomplishments and can spur positive changes, not just the negative changes generally associated with mid-life crisis and greater psychological health. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Late Adulthood Stages of Development Late adulthood can be marked by menopause and osteoporosis, a reduction in bone density, grey hair, less skin elasticity, and a loss of muscle mass resulting in an increase of body fat. Cognitively, during late adulthood verbal skills...
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...Current Article 2 HCS/245 Kristene Diggins October 29, 2014 Jamikka Waremercer People with Mental Health Disorders at Risk for Heart Attack and Stroke. This article talked about people with mental and behavioral disorders being twice as likely to have heart disease or strokes. The article states that cardiovascular congress of Canada did a study about how this could be possible. The population is already at risk for stroke and heart attack, but if you have a mental disability the chance is greater. There were also some doctors that surveyed and explored data from the Canadian community. They were looked at and then there was an association between the cardiovascular risk and disease, and mental health disorders. They also looked at the uses of medications used for mental disorders as well. What the article showed was that people who have had mental health issues probably have heart disease. Those who have not had heart disease or stroke are more likely to be at a high long-term risk of developing it when compared to general population. People with psychiatric medications are twice as likely to have heart disease three times as likely to have a stroke. This study that they are speaking of are usually are for people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, major depression, anxiety, but the medications are looked upon as maybe having something to do with this diagnosis as well. The medications that the article spoke of were Antidepressants, mood stabilizers...
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...Cardiovascular Disease Teri Hawkins 08/02/2013 University of Phoenix Have you ever wondered what cardiovascular disease? I’m going to tell you about the 4 cardiovascular diseases there are. There is heart attacks, congestive heart failure, strokes and intermittent claudication. I’m going to tell you the causes, symptoms, management and prevention of cardiovascular disease. By the end of this I’m hoping to be able help you know how to prevent these diseases or if you already have a cardiovascular disease how to treat them. What is cardiovascular disease? Cardiovascular disease is caused by narrowed, blocked or stiffened blood vessels that prevent your heart, brain or other parts of your body from receiving enough blood. Some symptoms are chest pain, shortness of breath, pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms, if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed. Some people may not be diagnosed with until you have a heart attack, angina, stroke or heart failure. It’s important to pay attention to how you feel and if you are having any symptoms or have concerns contact your physician. Some factors for cardiovascular disease is age, gender, and family history. Males are more common to have a cardiovascular disease like a heart attack then women are. Age plays a role in this as well, a younger person is less likely than an older person to have a heart attack or stroke. Family history plays a huge role because if cardiovascular disease runs in your...
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