...Helicobacter pylori Cardiovascular Microbiology 212 research Supervised by: Dr.Muzaheed Abdul rasheed Zahra Dhiya Al-Ahmed 2170003019 CT | 2nd year Subtitle Page Number Introduction 3,4,5 Diagnosis 5,6 Breath Test 6 Blood Test 6 Stool Test 6 Biopsy 7 Transmission 7 Immune response 8 Symptoms 8,9,10 Treatment 10,11 Prevention 12 conclusion 12,13 References 14,15 Index Introduction Who does not have abdominal pain during childhood? predominantly, most people have this pain correspond to an infection. Many scientist and doctors count stress, increase the acidity, lifestyle, and spicy food as main causes of gastric infection while others relate it to bacteria. The first belief was the most supposed until two Australian physicians, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren before 1982 when bacterium was discovered, proved the opposite. They built a theory based on a specific type of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as one of results of stomach infection and they proved it. Later, it has classified as one of the most common human pathogens infect stomach. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) known as Campylobacter pylori is a small, curved, microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium with spiral-shape. This type of bacteria is located in gastric mucous layer, or...
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...------------------------------------------------- Peptic ulcer A peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease,[1] is the most common ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. It is defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0.5 cm. As many as 70–90% of such ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach; however, only 40% of those cases go to a doctor. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs.[2] Four times as many peptic ulcers arise in the duodenum—the first part of the small intestine, just after the stomach—as in the stomach itself. About 4% of gastric ulcers are caused by a malignant tumor, so multiple biopsies are needed to exclude cancer. Duodenal ulcers are generally benign. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Classification By Region/Location * Duodenum (called duodenal ulcer) * Oesophagus (called esophageal ulcer) * Stomach (called gastric ulcer) * Meckel's diverticulum (called Meckel's diverticulum ulcer; is very tender with palpation) Modified Johnson Classification of peptic ulcers: * Type I: Ulcer along the body of the stomach, most often along the lesser curve at incisura angularis along the locus minoris resistantiae. * Type II: Ulcer in the body in combination...
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...When taking a look at our ancestors of the past, Neanderthals being the closest in relationship to modern humans,I ask myself the simple question: what was the cause of Neanderthals extinction? Modern scientific technology and the ability to test DNA from our ancient ancestors bones are helping us get closer to explaining this phenomenon. According to Charles Q. Choi, a contributor for Live Science states, “about 1.5 to 2.1 percent of anyone outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin” (Choi, 2014). With roughly 2 percent of Neanderthal DNA in my genetic makeup, it makes sense that modern humans were involved in the extinction of the Neanderthal identity. As stated by many researchers before, neanderthals did not go extinct due to modern humans. New research is proving this claim false. Recently, researchers from the University of Cambridge and Oxford have identified the possibility of diseases are older than what we believed possible. New studies taken from pathogen genomes and DNA of ancient neanderthal bones are showing that diseases were part of neanderthals extinction (Houldcroft, 2016). With neanderthals DNA being similar to modern humans, they were susceptible to pass genes and inherit bad mutations. In the long run these bad mutations caused many problems within their population. Bad mutations are passed between individuals by way of sexual connectivity. With neanderthal DNA being part of...
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...Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1. Jed W. Fahey, S c.D. PEER REVIEWED Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Lewis B. and Dorothy C ullman C ancer C hemoprotection C enter, 725 N. Wolfe Street, 406 WBSB, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205-2185 Email: jfahey@jhmi.edu Trees for Life Journal 2005, 1:5 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.tfljournal.org/article.php/20051201124931586 Receiv ed: September 15, 2005; Accepted: November 20, 2005; Published: December 1, 2005 Copyright: ©2005 Jed W. Fahey This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the C reative C ommons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Moringa appears to be a nutritional and medicinal cornucopia. The author, a Western-trained nutritional biochemist who has studied some of Moringa’s phytochemicals for almost a decade, gives a brief commentary and extensive references, and presents a table introducing some of the tree’s most intriguing features. This is the first article in a series, and will be followed by more detailed analysis of some of the strongest claims made regarding this edible plant. Vie Art Abstract Moringa oleifera, or the horseradish tree, is a pan-tropical species...
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...Section A: Basic Microbiology 1 SCOPE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY “Science contributes to our culture in many ways, as a creative intellectual activity in its own right, as a light which has served to illuminate man’s place in the uni-verse, and as the source of understanding of man’s own nature” —John F. Kennedy (1917–63) The President of America The bacterium Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE MICROBIOLOGY is a specialized area of biology (Gr. bios-life+ logos-to study) that concerns with the study of microbes ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Microorganisms are microscopic (Gr. mikros-small+ scopein-to see) and independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth, which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil,water and atmosphere. Microorganisms are relevant to all of our lives in a multitude of ways. Sometimes, the influence of microorganisms on human life is beneficial, whereas at other times, it is detrimental. For example...
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...ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) LEAVES AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Natural Sciences College of Arts and Sciences San Beda College- Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For BIO31 By: Larraine Love N. Muyalde April 2016 CHAPTER 1 Overview of Research Problem INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem/Objectives of the Study Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely known for its use as the usual condiment in various recipes.Garlic has many medicinal uses according to various studies. However Garlic leaves aren’t given attention to because there are few studies about it. A small number of people use Garlic leaves as a part of their recipe. However, garlic leaves also contain an amount of what the garlic bulb has. Although most scientific studies have investigated the effects of garlic bulb, the leaves offer a similar profile of benefits and risks. Allicin, the primary active constituent of garlic bulb, appears in lower amounts in the leaves or chives of the plants (Russo,J. 2013). Garlic can rightfully be called one of nature’s wonderful plants with healing power. It can inhibit and kill bacteria, fungi, lower (blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood sugar), prevent blood clotting, and contains anti-tumor properties. It can also boost the immune system to fight off potential disease...
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...A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid) CONTENT OF THREE VARIETIES OF CHILI IN ILIGAN CITY A Research Paper Presented to The faculty of Science Department Iligan City East High School Sta. Filomena, Iligan City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Research II Florence Bert F. Borling Michelle Anne L. Ferolino Katreena Lyka P. Valdez Jocelyn B. Subang Research II Adviser IV – Rutherford March 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Table of Contents ii Abstract iii Acknowledgement iv Chapter I Introduction 1 Background of the Study 2 Statement of the Problem 3 Hypotheses 3 Significance of the Study 4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 4 Operational Definition 4 Chapter II Review of Related Literature 5 Chapter III Methodology 8 Chapter IV Results and Discussions 11 Chapter V Conclusions and Recommendations 14 Bibliography 15 Appendix 17 Abstract Vitamin C is a major vitamin that is needed by our body. Human can’t store this vitamin so instead, we get it from the foods we eat. Some researches show that chili contains a certain amount of vitamin C. This study aimed to determine and compare the vitamin C content of the three varieties of chili in Iligan City. The result of this study is beneficial to the people by giving them information about the benefits that they can get from eating...
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...502 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease (2012)502-504 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtd Document heading Ethical issues in the prevention of H1N1: the Malaysian experience Sreenivasan Sasidharan1*, S Gopal Parthiban2, Subramanion L Jothy1, Lachimanan Yoga Latha1 Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia 1 2 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 22 August 2012 Received in revised form 27 August 2012 Accepted 3 September 2012 Available online 28 December 2012 The novel H1N1 influenza virus that emerged in humans in Mexico in early 2009 and transmitted Keywords: Ethical issues H1N1 Malaysia Mitigation efforts efficiently in the human population with global spread has been declared a pandemic strain by WHO. Here we reviewed the role of ethical issue in the prevention of H1N1. Studies with original data related to the ethical issues in the prevention of diseases (published 1996-2012) were identified via searching electronic databases to extract related information. The role of ethical issues in the prevention of diseases must be understood. This comprises work on how the society understands about a disease and what are their individuals’ tasks to conquer the outbreak...
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...Unknown bacteria determined to be Alcaligenes faecalis because of its morphological, physiological and metabolic properties. In a laboratory setting, it often becomes necessary to identify an unknown organism. In this experiment, researchers classified an unidentified bacterium based on its physical structure, colony morphology, optimal conditions and metabolic properties. A Gram stain using crystal violet, iodine, and safranin and a simple stain using methylene blue characterized the organism’s cell wall. Cultural behavior was classified by inoculating the organism onto nutrient agar and incubating it at 37° C for 48 hours, and observing its behavior, as well as using SIM medium to test for motility. Optimal growth temperature was determined by incubating nutrient broths of the organism at 25° C and 37° C, and optimal pH was tested by inoculating broths with pHs of 3, 7, and 10. Fluid thioglycollate medium determined the organism’s oxygen requirements. The metabolic profile was created by inoculating the bacterium into broths containing glucose, lactose, mannitol, and citrate and incubating the tubes at 25° C for 48 hours, then observing it for color change. Oxidative metabolic tests for oxidase and catalase were also performed using an oxidative reagent and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The Enterotube II System was used to further classify its metabolic profile. The stains revealed that the bacterium was a Gram-negative bacillus. The organism was shown to be non-motile...
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...Alexa Anastasi December 8, 2014 English 1A Research Paper Diet and Cancer: The Fascinating Connection What’s on your plate? That seems to be the overwhelming question in today’s society filled with both health food conscious people and those individuals who do not care and eat junk food most of the time. However what most of these people do not realize is that they are not only jeopardizing their health and decreasing their life expectancy but they are also increasing their chances of getting some form of cancer in their lifetime. The individuals who fuel their bodies with high calorie sugary drinks, fats and processed meats are not doing their bodies any justice they are just fueling the dormant cancer cells in their bodies to run rampant throughout their body and causing something that could have been easily prevented with a change in diet. On the flip side, the health conscious people in the world are already ten times more protected from cancer because of the healthy lifestyle choices they make every day! Don’t be a contributor to America’s high cancer rate, be a game changer and live your life to the fullest with little possibility of cancer, all you have to do is eat those delicious and nutritious fruits and vegetables that can be found all around you! Why would you want to put another hamburger or hot dog in your mouth knowing it has the potential to kill you? I know I wouldn’t because I love my body too much and you should too! So climb on board and let me...
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...Chapter I I. INTRODUCTION Many people nowadays smoke cigarette even teenagers smoke. Some people have no idea about the chemical of a tobacco and what it can cause to a human body. This paper is intended to give the readers an idea of the factors that trigger cigarette smoking amongst young generation of today, effects of cigarette, like cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. By reading this paper, a person can gain knowledge about the effects of smoking cigarette. So when a person reads this especially those who smoke, he or she may quit or lessen smoking because he or she will know the bad effects of cigarette smoking. It is considered that cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, leading to an annual five million deaths around the globe. It is estimated that if current smoking patterns carry on, the annual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 2030. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for many cancers and respiratory diseases. The heavier the usage of an individual and the longer he smokes, the higher the risks for smoking-related illnesses. Cigarette smoking involves inhaling smoke into the lungs. A cigarette contains more than 4000 poisonous chemicals such as nicotine, arsenic, methane, ammonia, cadmium, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, butane, and hydrogen cyanide. Inhaled cigarette smoke can damage the lungs' cilia, tiny hair-like structures that sweep away debris from the lungs. With the cilia paralyzed...
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...WHO DRUG INFORMATION V O L U M E 10 N U M B E R 4 19 9 6 P R O P O S E D INN LIST 76 INTERNATIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAMES FOR P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S U B S T A N C E S WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION • GENEVA Volume 10, Number 4, 1996 World Health Organization, Geneva WHO Drug Information Contents General Policy Topics Meeting the challenge of biotechnology 175 Regulatory Matters Acellular pertussis vaccine for infants Breath test for Helicobacter pylori Restrictions on use of anorectics Coumarin: regulatory action Laxatives: reclassification of common ingredients Is melatonin a prescription drug? NSAIDS, antimicrobials and angioedema Drug-induced liver disease Fluoxetine and hepatitis Hepatitis B vaccine and musculoskeletal reactions Pyrithyldione-diphenhydramine and agranulocytosis Roxithromycin associated with cardiac arrhythmias 187 187 187 188 189 189 189 189 190 190 190 190 Reports on Individual Drugs Confirmation of increased chloroquine resistance in South Africa Which malaria drug for children? Post-malaria neurological syndrome and mefloquine Driving ability in cancer patients treated with morphine Hormone replacement therapy and venous thromboembolism 177 177 177 178 179 Safety Issues Documentation requirements for approval: safety Drug safety monitoring centres 180 181 Recent Publications WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations: Thirty-fourth report International Nonproprietary...
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...Water Soluble Vitamins and the Bodily Functions They Promote Vitamins and mineral supplements are items that most people would think are good for their bodies. Unfortunately, this is only a half truth. There are many people that are not aware of the full ramifications of vitamins, minerals, and other non-energy yielding nutrients. You need vitamins and minerals, but in excess they can be poison. Vitamin literally means “life, containing nitrogen.” (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 321). The first vitamins contained nitrogen, however vitamins that do not contain nitrogen are just as important to life. Vitamins, as well as minerals, are very important to living beings because they are the substances which assist in the metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients or the development of bodily structures. In the absence of vitamins, there is a wide variety of symptoms that can occur. These things are including, but not limited to, blindness, dementia, and the improper development of bodily structures. The assistance that is provided by vitamins is of high importance, but that is not the only function of vitamins. Vitamins prevent deficiency symptoms, but if the proper dosage is taken they also help your body perform optimally. Your bodily system stays healthy as a result. (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 322) Vitamins are not like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. First of all, vitamins do not provide any energy to the body. (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 322) Vitamins are also individual...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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