...e 4 makes reference to one of the reasons Henry’s claims were so flawed, “Wolsey worried about Henrys' reliance on biblical arguments.” This shows that Henry clearly had little other evidence to support his reasons for an annulment due to his “reliance” which rightly worried Wolsey as they were constantly being questioned by the Catholic Church. In 1527 Henry presented the case that his marriage to Catherine of Aragon was void due to the fact she had previously been married to his brother who had died. Leviticus claims that “Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother’s wife.” Henry claimed that the dispensation that he had fought for was infact invalid afterall as it went against divine law. A dispensation that had gone against clerical teachings yet granted none the less by the pope, supporting the claims in Source 5 that the “pope would have been happy to please someone as important as Henry.” However it was not the dispensation that caused concern, it was a text from Deuteronomy that claimed Henry was infact right in marrying Catherine as Deuteronomy claimed that if a mans brother dies and he and his wife are without child, then it is the brother’s role to raise his widow. This essentially proved Henry’s claim wrong, weakening his case. However, despite the opposition based on biblical teachings, this was not a large concern as Source 2 and 3 highlight, Wolsey... View Full Essay Join Now Please login to view the full essay... Essay's Statistics Submitted...
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...Review of Henry V Globe Theatre 1. What was your overall impression of the play and the theatre? My overall impression of the play and the theatre was very positive. Although I had previously attended a play at the Globe Theatre a couple years ago, I never received a tour like we did before we saw Henry V. This enabled me to really learn the history of the building as well as exactly why and how the plays are reenacted. I was never aware of the intense preparation and practice that goes into putting on a Shakespeare play at the Globe Theatre. I was also intrigued at the materials the building was made out of and the fact that it resembled the old Globe Theatre as much as possible. I have always had a fascination with acting since I don’t have a creative side. It is so interesting to watch people put on a persona and become a whole different person while performing in a play. I find it so impressive when the plays are from Shakespeare’s time and the actors are able to convert themselves into old-fashioned personalities. Although I had a very hard time following the play and understanding what was happening at each moment, I still enjoyed being there for the experience. My favorite part about attending this play was the fact that I was able to sit up in a high seating section, which allowed me to view the expressions of the audience throughout the theatre. This made my experience even more enjoyable because the reactions of the audience were so powerful...
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...Annotated Bibliography-- Set/Stage Design "Shakespeare & Elizabethan Stage Sets." No Sweat Shakespeare. Web. 29 Mar. 2016. This article discusses the differences between set design nowadays versus set design during Shakespearean times. Today, the stage is set to resemble the location the scene is set in, and the audience can easily picture where everything is happening. This is what is referred to as ‘realism’. Earlier times were different, in that the playwrights would often write set imagery into the script, encouraging the audience to image it for themselves. Aside from an occasional piece of furniture, the stage was often bare and could be the location for anywhere in the world. This relates to my topic of set design because it shows the differences between the realism used today versus the imagery used during Shakespearean plays. This source is reputable because it isn’t giving an opinion on anything, it is simply stating the facts of how Shakespeare would have most likely set the stage for his plays. "Shakespeare's Theater." Folger Shakespeare Library. 2014. Web. 29 Mar. 2016. This web article discusses how the stage and arena was designed to give the audience the full experience at shows. The majority of playhouses that showed performances were multi-sided structures with an open yard for people to stand or sit on. Also in the facility were ~3 tiers of covered seating, and a raised up stage on one end. The article also discussed the transition from outdoor...
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...looking at the royal finance under Henry VII we observe how powerful he was and the fact that he created a strong financial situation upon which to secure his reign and dynasty. In this essay I will compare the two sources regarding the financial situation during Henry’s reign. Extract A seems to be more valuable because we know that he invested all his money in jewelry and plate in order to secure his money. According to the Extract A, Henry reinvested much of the money because he wanted to secure his reign. After his death, there were found many accounts of his leaving jewel plate. This is very valuable because we know that he had a lot of money. On the other side, all his money was spent by Henry VIII during the war; this questions the value of his finance. We also must consider that Henry started in debt and that he balanced his account by 1492, showing a sizeable surplus from 1497 onwards, he also made big loans to other rulers and small ones to merchants. His surplus was far from sizeable and the loans were made only to other rulers with the condition that the dynasty is under control and secure. He wanted to prevent a crash of his economy and tried to do things in such a way that nothing could affect his dynasty. However, his achievement should not be considered too impressive. Because, how it was mentioned, it took only two years for Henry VIII to dissolve everything what Henry VII left behind him. Another way in which we can question his royal finance is the Extract...
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...The Pilgrimage of Grace can be seen as insignificant in challenging royal authority because it didn’t remove Cromwell, it lacked credible leadership, and Henry VIII was able to manipulate through his tactics. Yet, it can be reasoned that although the Pilgrimage was unsuccessful in its aims it still was able to significantly challenge royal authority by pressuring the government to agree to demands, a few of which were not achieved. This essay explores the question in more detail. The pilgrimage epitomized the greatest threat that Henry VIII faced during his long and hectic reign. An indirect challenge to royal authority came from the large-scale dissatisfaction with Thomas Cromwell, as both Cromwell and Henry had similar thoughts on change....
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Henry VIII and the English Reformation A PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Gregory Tomlin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE CHHI 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAVID E. ROBERTS LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation………….................................................. 3 Prince Henry VIII and His Character Development....................................................................... 3 King Henry VIII…......................................................................................................................... 6 The Wives of Henry VIII………………………………………………....................................... 8 The Rule of the Crown and the Church of England……............................................................. 12 Conclusion……………………………………………………..……………………………….. 14 Bibliography...……...………..………......................................................................................... 16 ii Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation The study of Henry VIII and the reformation in England continues to fascinate scholars and historians alike. Recent attention has even been given by Hollywood in the production of “The Other Boleyn Girl,” a major motion picture depicting the lives of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Obviously Hollywood isn’t a suitable source for a scholarly inspection of such a historical event, but the existence...
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...The English Reformation has a history of its own; a series of numerous events that brought about a reshaping of the Church, a paradigm shift in peoples understanding of ministry, as well as some other critical theological beliefs. And so it is also widely considered as the turning point for Christianity in England because it brought along reformed ideas, thoughts and ways of doing things, not only in the church, but also in England. A new dawn had come. The English Reformation is also remembered for the political ambitions and struggles which juxtaposed side by side with the theological and spiritual issues of the time. There were hot debate, burnings at the stake, organized coups, charges of treason and heresy and divorces which polluted the air. The history of the English Reformation certainly does not make for bedtime stories, nevertheless it is what it is and Christianity in England consequently took a dramatic turn of events. When we think of the Anglican Communion we think of the Book of Common Prayer and when turn the pages we can do nothing else but think of the scholar, priest and revolutionist who created it, Thomas Cranmer. Out of the smoke of the reformation arose the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556). Cranmer, amongst many is one of the iconic figures who helped influence Christian church history, and is often referred to as the ‘Architect of Church of England.’ In particular, Cranmer’s most noted contribution came to the surface during the...
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...serfs and soldiers were to the embrace the Catholic faith and to support, sustain and nurture the church. Kings believed that "God establishes kings as his ministers and reigns through them over the people.” For over a thousand years, the Catholic Church reinforced the political authority of the states and the states reinforced the authority of the church. However, in 1527 King Henry-VIII of England challenged the authority of the Church to exert its political and economic authority over sovereign lands. By establishing the Church of England, King Henry-VIII changed the way most European monarchs viewed the authority of the Pope. After complicated power struggle with the Catholic Church, involving political and theological issues, King Henry-VIII, was named "Defender of the Faith" by the Catholic Pope, but the King Henry-VIII did more to destroy the power of the Catholic Church than any other single person. King Henry Tutor the VIII Henry VIII was born on June 28, 1491 and died on January 28, 1547. Henry was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, King Henry VII. Henry VIII ascended the thrown in April 1509...
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...faction and their reformist influence and Henry’s desire for greater power and revenue. Source 4 disagrees with the question because it argues that the divorce, which did not necessarily have to go through Rome, and the reformist influence had an impact. Source 5 partly agrees with source 4 that the reformist faction did influence Henry, but also argues that Henry had no clear policy and ultimately Anne’s pregnancy pushed proceedings along, implying that a desire for a male heir underlay Henry’s motives, thus agreeing with the question. Source 6 disagrees with the question and the other two sources arguing that the Break with Rome was caused by Henry’s desire for more authority and power. Ultimately we shall see that all these factors contributed to the Break with Rome, indicating that it was not solely caused by Henry’s desire for a male heir, though it can be argued that it was the primary cause. There is evidence that the Break with Rome was caused by Henry’s desire for a male heir. As source 4 stated, “Henry VIII wanted a divorce” because his wife Catherine of Aragon had reached the menopause. This factor is also shown in source 5 which states that “Anne’s pregnancy was a pressing factor.” This indicates that whilst there were other reasons for the Break with Rome, the underlying catalyst and therefore cause was the desire for the male heir, as Anne and Henry believed the pregnancy would produce a boy. The desire for a male heir was fuelled by a fear for the dynastic dynasty...
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...Year 12 Henry VIII Revision Guide 1 How to answer questions on the Tudors Section A Essays: How far do the sources agree that? Introduction: Explain what you can learn from each source Briefly cross reference the sources Provide an argument in response to the question Main paragraphs: State a similarity or difference between the sources – make sure you focus on ‘How Far’ Select relevant information from the sources to support this point Place this in context using your brief own knowledge Use provenance to explain this similarity/difference Conclusion: Sum up how far the sources agree based on content and provenance Section B Essays: Do you agree with the view that? Introduction: State your line of argument – how far do you agree with the view? State the main similarities and differences between the sources Main paragraphs: State a reason for yes/no. Make sure you phrase this in a way that links to your line of argument and answers the question. Remember that each source will suggest a different reason for yes/no. Support this reason with evidence from the sources and your own knowledge Cross-reference between the sources Weigh up the evidence of the sources. Consider provenance for primary sources and judge secondary sources based on the evidence included and the weight given to certain evidence Link back to your line of argument Conclusion: Explain how your argument has been proven with reference to the sources and your own knowledge...
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...Do you agree with the view that Henry VIII foreign policy should be seen as a costly failure? It can be agreed that Henry VIII and Wolsey’s foreign policy was an expensive failure to a large extent, but there is some evidence from the sources showing otherwise and demonstrating some success. Sources 1, 2 and 3 all support the source to a certain extent, some more than others, however Sources 1 and 3 also disagree with the question and show some successes to Henry and Wolsey’s policy. Despite this, the idea of their policy being expensive is consistent throughout the sources for costing over a years income for Henry. Henry VIII and Wolsey’s foreign policy can be seen as an expensive failure as shown in all three of the sources. Sources 1, 2 and 3 all refer to the king’s expenses in one way and having not gained much from it. In source 2, it refers to the King as receiving ‘no more land in France’ on top of what his father had already gained, whilst costing the King an ‘infinite sum of money’ demonstrating that Henry had not had much success in his reign but had still spending extreme figures. Using this source, along with our own knowledge we know that Henry failed in securing the French crown for himself as well as the partition of France to himself, Charles and Bourbon, after the Battle of Pavia in 1525. Alongside this, the failures of Henry’s campaign during the war with France including the evaporation of Wolsey and Henry’s passing enthusiasm for another intervention...
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...* Question 1 4 out of 4 points | | | Why did Mary I order mass executions of Protestants when she assumed the throne in 1553? | | | | | Selected Answer: | Like her mother, Mary was a devout Catholic | Correct Answer: | Like her mother, Mary was a devout Catholic | | | | | * Question 2 4 out of 4 points | | | Why did Holbein paint Nicolaus Kratzer in more subdued colors than he did More? | | | | | Selected Answer: | To portray Kratzer as a serious man of science | Correct Answer: | To portray Kratzer as a serious man of science | | | | | * Question 3 4 out of 4 points | | | Why did Henry VIII break away from Rome and start his own Church of England? | | | | | Selected Answer: | To annul his marriage to Katherine of Aragon | Correct Answer: | To annul his marriage to Katherine of Aragon | | | | | * Question 4 4 out of 4 points | | | Why did Henry VIII write a tract condemning Luther and his religious reforms? | | | | | Selected Answer: | To earn a "Defender of the Faith" title from the pope | Correct Answer: | To earn a "Defender of the Faith" title from the pope | | | | | * Question 5 4 out of 4 points | | | Why did Henry VIII insist upon being called "Your Majesty" rather than "Your Highness"? | | | | | Selected Answer: | To emphasize the magnificence of his court | Correct Answer: | To emphasize the magnificence of his court | | | | | * Question...
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...Do you agree with the view that in the years 1515-1525 Henry VIII wholly surrendered power in government to Cardinal Wolsey? To a certain extent within Source 4 (by J.J. Scarisbrick 1968) supports the idea that possibly Henry VIII actually did surrender power over to Wolsey. The evidence within the source that suggests this possibly for being the truth is ‘a self-indulgent King had wholly surrendered the cares of the state into the Cardinals hands’. To further support this case, it is clear that Wolsey was extremely powerful, he had vast amounts of bishoprics (Archbishop of Canterbury, Tournai, Durham just to name a few) and was the head of things such as the Star Chamber where Wolsey got himself heavily involved with. This is shown when you compared the number of cases Wolsey took on (120) compared to that of Henry VII who dealt with only 12. Also Wolsey had control of all of the state finances and could make large changes to things such as the taxation system he was able to introduce a new form of tax known as the ‘Subsidy’ which was more popular since it meant the poor payed far less tax than previously than with the old 15’s and 10’s taxation method. This new taxation method allowed Wolsey to pay for king’s foreign affairs. As well as this ‘subsidy’, since Wolsey had such significant power he was able to also raise considerable amounts of capital through other means, such as through ‘benevolences’ and enforced loans from the nobility, which raised £200,000 in 1522. This...
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...the throne and potentially murdered. Due to the Princes disappearing Richard Duke of Gloucester was the most obvious choices as successor to the throne, as he was the leading male of the house of York. However the mysterious disappearance of the two princes had a lasting impact on Richard III’s reign and as century’s have passed it has been presumed he had his two nephews murdered. In the long run this led to Henry Tudor gaining support from nobles and foreign powers. This ultimately lead to York dynasty ending prematurely, even though Henry actually had to defend his throne against Yorkist malcontents at Stoke in 1487, and the Yorkists did remain a long term issue up until the death of Cardinal Pole in 15582. Polydore Vergils ‘Anglica Historia’ was commissioned during the reign of Henry Tudor, possibly as early as 15053. Vergil was an Italian clerical diplomat he was sent to England in 1501 by Pope Alexander VI and spent the majority of his life in England. Henry Tudor often welcomed him to court and he grew close to the royal family. Vergil was a historian to Henry, so it is speculated that he was bias against Richard III, but he was well...
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...J Hofman Men, Women and Society Final Paper Professor White Elizabeth I was undoubtedly England’s greatest Queen. Like her father before her, her court was a place where the arts and European culture were welcomed. She was a formidable woman in a man’s world. She also fostered travel to distant shores to begin a time of globalization, hence Sir Walter Raliegh’s discovery of Virginia and naming it (with her permission) after the Virgin Queen, Elizabeth. One of her greatest achievements was the prosperity of the Elizabethan age, keeping peace in her kingdom and her subjects from war, with the exception of the Spanish Armada. Born in 1533 to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, the long awaited birth of the heir to the throne, turned out to be a big disappointment to king and country. In a time when androcentrism ruled and only a male could inherit, to be born a woman was no advantage. Elizabeth I’s life began under a dark cloud because she was not born a male. Elizabeth had to be born possessing a sense of agency because from her earliest age until the end of her reign, her life was fraught with danger and peril. Throughout her life she learned how to circumnavigate situations to her own benefit. She was at times a political pawn, an illegitimate bastard, or an eligible princess. For to be born a female in 14th century England was to born a second class citizen. Around the tender age of 3 years old, her father had her mother executed with a specially ordered sword from France...
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