...Ma. Ellora Reigel G. Solidum 1FM3 1) Define Heresy * It is the selection religious or political doctrines, adhesion to parties in Church or State. * According to St. Thomas: "a species of infidelity in men who, having professed the faith of Christ, corrupt its dogmas" * Heresy is an opinion or belief that does not agree with the belief of a particular religion (Merriam-Webster) 2) How did the Church solve the problem of heresies? Identify the 5 Major heresies and how it was solved. a) Arianism * Emperor Theodosius reversed the policy of his predecessors and sided with Rome. Within the boundaries of the Roman empire the faith of Nicaea, enforced again by the General Council of Constantinople (381), prevailed, but Arianism held its own for over two hundred years longer wherever the Arian Goths held sway: in Thrace, Italy, Africa, Spain, Gaul. The conversion of King Recared of Spain, who began to reign in 586, marked the end ofArianism in his dominions, and the triumph of the Catholic Franks sealed the doom of Arianism everywhere. b) Pelagianism * not being backed by political power * flourished only so long and so far as the temporal power of Byzantine and Persian rulers gave them countenance. * internal dissension, stagnation, and decay became their fate when left to themselves. c) Eutychianism * flourished only so long and so far as the temporal power of Byzantine and Persian rulers gave them countenance. * internal...
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...THE CONCEPT OF HERESY BY IBN TAIMIYAH If assessed the overall discussion and explanation scientists Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama regarding heresy, can be formulated that unlicensed innovation is "What-what religious affairs created by men after the age of al-Salaf al-Salih who pollute the genuineness of religion and menyelisihi purpose. "This definition can diperluaskan as follows: "What-what" meant all kinds of heresy, where he can divided to two categories: 1. Bid'ah in mind, namely what that involves opinion, doctrine and iktiqad. Sometimes innovation in the thinking of encouraging the entry into force of innovation in action. People who are typically involved in their heretical thoughts are wise and many think, just too bad their policies are not put in place as appropriate. 2. Bid'ah in deed, namely anything involving time, place and procedures in worship. Sometimes the act of heresy in the push to force innovation in thinking. People who are typically involved in the heresy acts were those who earnestly in prayer, just a shame they did not sooth put in place as appropriate. . Ibn Taymiyyah explains the two forms of this heresy: Heresy that there are two types, the first relates to words (opinions) and iktiqad , (the second) associated with the deeds and worship. The second type of heresy which includes the first type as the heresy of the first kind would encourage the occurrence of the second kind.The people are knowledgeable, thinkers and people...
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...It is, however, important to know that at the time religion was not a single crime, it was four. Formal heresy was the most sever, then there was suspected heresy which had three sub-heresies: strong suspicion of heresy, vehement suspicion of heresy, and mild suspicion of heresy . The specific heresy that Galileo was condemned with was vehement suspicion of heresy, not the worst kind to be sure, but still moderately heretical. The main difference between these types of heresy is that for formal heresy the subject must realize they are committing heresy, and still cling to their beliefs, where suspected heresy (also known as material heresy) has people in ignorance committing one heresy or another . This fact is important when determining if Galileo was in fact a heretic, because the level of heresy he was accused of is quite variable, and changes the charges laid against him. In this case, repudiating his beliefs is not enough to absolve him of heresy, but at the same time doing so means he did not knowingly go against what the church knew to be correct, thus it was not as serious an offense under catholic doctrine as it could have been otherwise. There are detailed accounts of the actual...
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...APOLOGETICS INSTRUCTIONS 1. Review Chapter 21 of the textbook and the Addressing Heresies PDF. 2. For this threaded discussion, discuss the following: a. State the issues of heresy addressed by II Peter, Jude, and I, II, & III John. b. Elaborate on the matter of Quasi-Gnosticism in John’s writings. c. Offer a defense of the faith using Peter’s, Jude’s, and John’s arguments. 3. Reference and cite your text, New Testament Survey, Chpt. 21, and “Addressing Heresies – II Peter, Jude, and I, II, & III John” PDF Issues of heresy confronting the churches was that of doubt and error coming from the false teachings of those who professed to be leaders. The denial of the redemption of all moral standards was spreading throught the church. Peter confronts the false teachers who had infiltrated the church (2:1). The main purpose of...
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...As a student with a keen interest in medieval history, I have always been intrigued by the concept of heresy and how the Roman Catholic Church attempted to rid Christendom of heretics. To be frank all of us, in some form or quantity, have come across heresy in books, popular media, and music. It is a defining term of medieval Europe and the twelfth and thirteenth century see crusades against heretics and the power and means by which the Roman Church aimed to repress the many heretical ideologies that existed. This is both an interesting and extensive topic and throughout this essay I will be focusing on the term ‘Heresy’ itself, why the church sought to repress heretics and lastly how they managed to do the same. In a very general term, heresy can be termed as a disagreement with the Church or the teachings and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, and a heretic someone who’s faith, beliefs and practices are in contradiction with that of the Church. Not all heretics believed in the same principle concepts and not all heretical concepts were popular. The Cathars, a heretic group in Languedoc, south of France believed that the world was a creation of the devil and that the sacraments of the Church were not true, but were devilish frauds of an evil church. It is worth noting though that heresy existed in every age, as it is but natural that popular beliefs and ideologies had contradicting and opposing ones, but it was only between the late eleventh and thirteenth century that...
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...and a betrayal of all accomplices” (Schaff 1). “The Inquisition was an ecclesiastical court and process of the Roman Catholic Church set up for the purpose towards the discovery and punishment of heresy which wielded immense power and brutality in medieval and early modern times” (“The Horrors of the Church and its Holy Inquisition” 2). The Church hoped to convince heretics to give up their beliefs and return to the Church, therefore “saving” their souls (McGill 1). All bishops, feudal lords, and faithful Christians were to act as inquisitors (Stalcup 17). The inquisitors sought out any people accused of heresy, meaning any person that spoke...
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...The Rise of Roman Papacy By Brian D. Jenkins Liberty University CHHI301-C01 LUO 201220 Spring 2012 One of the most peculiar phenomenon in all of history is the rise of the papacy. During the events of the Middle Ages in Rome arose the need for a central figure. The Roman bishop happened to fill that role to provide much needed stability and leadership. The focus of this particular paper will address the reasons for Rome, significant factors to dominance, and the implications of the papacy. Reasons for Rome Throughout the first centuries of Christian history, five cities emerged as epicenters for the church; Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople. The Edict of Milan in 313 AD recognized Christianity as a legitimate religious entity. “The proclamation …assured Christians of legal rights (including the right to organize churches),” It was in this early stage of formation as an organization that the church took a similar structure to the government. The key leaders of the regional churches rose to power. The five bishops of the previous listed churches were looked to as geographical region leaders. Those five attempted to establish a stable structure upon which to build. However, the bishops would often disagree. From the time of the Edict of Milan until Constantine moved the capital of the empire away from Rome, the Roman bishop was a natural thought for the leader of the young church. Being at the center of the political, social, and economical...
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...The Rise of Roman Papacy Hayden Wyrick Liberty University 201520 Spring 2015 CHHI 301-D13 LUO One of the most peculiar events in all of history is the rise of the papacy. During the time of the Middle Age Rome arose the need for a central figure. The Roman bishop filled that role to provide much needed stability and leadership. The focus of this particular paper will address the reasons for Rome, significant factors to dominance, and the implications of the papacy. Reasons for Rome Throughout the first centuries of Christian history, five cities emerged as epicenters for the church: Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople. The Edict of Milan in 313 AD recognized Christianity as a legitimate religious entity. It was in this early stage of formation as an organization that the church took a similar structure to the government. The key leaders of the regional churches rose to power. The five bishops of the previous listed churches were looked to as geographical region leaders. Those five attempted to establish a stable structure upon which to build. However, the bishops would often disagree. From the time of the Edict of Milan until Constantine moved the capital of the empire away from Rome, the Roman bishop was a natural thought for the leader of the young church. Being at the center of the political, social, and economical scene allowed the Roman bishop the level of influence needed. After the political powers moved from Rome to Constantinople, the only...
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...MARCIONISM AND ITS IMPACT By: Addison Termunde Theology 1001 Mr. Lashier 8 a.m. Addison Termunde Theology 1001 Lashier Term Paper 11/19/10 Marcionism and its Impact For every story told, multiple interpretations and perceptions are created. Anthology is defined as “a book or other collection of selected writings by various authors, usually in the same literary form”(Dictionary.com). The bible is just this; for every collection of stories told, a collection of interpretations, whether they be right or wrong, are ought to form. Throughout the early centuries many altered interpretations, or heresies, regarding the bible formed. Although the heresy of Marcionism was outlandish and heavily disputed against, it actually aided in the emergence of the Catholic Church. According to John Knox, of the University of Chicago, “Among the creative personalities of early Christianity few are so interesting and important as Marcion, who was expelled from the Roman community… and whose activities gave rise to the most vigorous heretical movement within the ancient church”(p.1). According to the article, Marcion and Scripture: The Impact of a Second Century Heretic on the New Testament, Marcion’s early life was filled with disgrace. “At some point later, however, he was “excommunicated by his own father” for having seduced a consecrated virgin and “degraded both her and himself.” Most modern historians think that the story of Marcion's...
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...the gospels to serve superficial purposes such as financial gain. Ross Douthat offers a unique and critical prospective on what modern Christianity has evolved into and what prominent ideas that exist today are actual heresies to orthodox Christianity derived form the Church. In the opening of the second half of the book Bad Religion, Douthat discusses the controversial 2006 unveiling of the “Gospel of Judas” which was expected to challenge or even disprove Christianity, as the world had known it. This supposed “gospel”, claimed that Judas, instead of being the traitor, was actually...
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...stabbed to death. The details surrounding this murder are shrouded with talk of espionage, heresy, and power (picture: James Bond, Elizabethan Theatre style). It is well-known that Christopher Marlowe was a government spy under Sir Francis Walsingham and that two witnesses to his death were also spies under the same man (with the murderer himself being Walsingham’s business consultant, hmm), but most information surrounding Marlowe’s death is completely unknown. In fact, all that’s actually known are these specific details: 1) Christopher Marlowe received a fatal dagger wound just above...
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...The Rise of Roman Papacy Hayden Wyrick Liberty University 201520 Spring 2015 CHHI 301-D13 LUO One of the most peculiar events in all of history is the rise of the papacy. During the time of the Middle Age Rome arose the need for a central figure. The Roman bishop filled that role to provide much needed stability and leadership. The focus of this particular paper will address the reasons for Rome, significant factors to dominance, and the implications of the papacy. Reasons for Rome Throughout the first centuries of Christian history, five cities emerged as epicenters for the church: Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople. The Edict of Milan in 313 AD recognized Christianity as a legitimate religious entity. It was in this early stage of formation as an organization that the church took a similar structure to the government. The key leaders of the regional churches rose to power. The five bishops of the previous listed churches were looked to as geographical region leaders. Those five attempted to establish a stable structure upon which to build. However, the bishops would often disagree. From the time of the Edict of Milan until Constantine moved the capital of the empire away from Rome, the Roman bishop was a natural thought for the leader of the young church. Being at the center of the political, social, and economical scene allowed the Roman bishop the level of influence needed. After the political powers moved from Rome to Constantinople, the only...
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...But whereas -- after an injunction had been judicially intimated to me by this Holy Office, to the effect that I must altogether abandon the false opinion that the sun is the center of the world and immovable, and that the earth is not the center of the world, and moves, and that I must not hold, defend, or teach in any way whatsoever, verbally or in writing, the said false doctrine, and after it had been notified to me that the said doctrine was contrary to Holy Scripture -- I wrote and printed a book in which I discuss this new doctrine already condemned, and adduce arguments of great cogency in its favor, without presenting any solution of these, and for this reason I have been pronounced by the Holy Office to be vehemently suspected of heresy, that is to say, of having held and believed that the Sun is the center of the world and immovable, and that the earth is not the center and moves: Therefore, desiring to remove from the minds of your Eminences, and of all faithful Christians, this vehement suspicion, justly conceived against me, with sincere heart and unfeigned faith...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION Malaysia is dominated by a moderate Muslim majority, and has a secular legal system. But one quirky, quasi-religious group based in the country’s Islamic heartland, led by a man who claims to be God, is testing the country’s religious freedoms. Terengganu state, set in the lush north of Malaysia, has long been part of the spiritual and religious heart of the country. But the Terengganu village of Kampung Batu 13, about 400 kilometers north of Malaysia’s capital, Kuala Lumpur, is slightly different. It contains a six-acre commune, dominated by a building about the size of a two-story house, shaped like a giant pink teapot. Next to it is an umbrella shaped building and an assortment of other objects, such as a fishing boat and an oversized vase containing “holy” water. This is the village of Ayah Pin, a 61 years old Malay man, who claims to be God. And, according to Ayah Pin, several thousand others in Malaysia and overseas, believe him. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF AYAH PIN AYAH PIN, THE GROUP LEADER Ariffin Muhammad or more fondly known as Ayah Pin has several meanings of names; “Arif” is referring to Supreme, Intelligent or Equality and “Ayah” gives meaning of The Father , The leader. Ayah Pin who is the self-styled spiritual leader known to thousands of followers in Malaysia and internationally, has received revelations when he was a little boy. Ayah Pin’s ideology has 80% contents on spiritual matter. At age of 7 and 10, the holy angel, Gabriel, had visited...
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...War and Witchcraft HIS/113 War and Witchcraft According to Midelfort, it “is the common claim that it was singularly responsible for the outburst of witch hunting that swept over Europe from the fifteenth through the early-eighteenth centuries” (Para 15). The Malleus Maleficarum is an ideal point in the study of early witch hunts. The Malleus was written by Heinrich Kramer, a Dominican monk, in 1486. That same year, Pope Innocent VII, issued the Bull Summis Desiderantes Affectibus. The Bull Summis literally meant “desiring with supreme ardour.” It was issued to combat “ecclesiastical officials” from hampering Kramer and his colleague Jakob Sprenger in their efforts to combat heresy. According to "Evil-One.org" (2011), instigated severe measures against magicians and witches in Germany which had the immediate desired effect of making the population fearful they were overrun with witchcraft”, (para. 13). With the publication of Innocent’s Bull Summis on his side, Kramer arrested and charged around 50 women with witchcraft. Not only were these women denied any legal counsel, he had them tortures as well. Kramer’s acts were in complete violation of the inquisitorial rules, provoking many to oppose him in Brixen, eventually the trial of the women continued. When Kramer “questioned a defendant about her sexual practices and moral standing in her community, the judges found his query irrelevant and overruled him”, (Thurston). After accusations of the abuse of his authority...
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