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Hernani

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Hernani
Victor Hugo 1830
1827 Préface de Cromwell
Grande bataille de Hernani.
Le grand genre : La tragédie Elle se joue à la Comédie Française
Hiérarchie des genres dans une certaine hiérarchie des théâtres. Il n’y a pas de metteur en scène.
Manque de liberté de l’auteur (Car le directeur modifie la pièce en fonction des goûts des spectateurs) + Censure
Comme Victor Hugo sait que sa pièce ne va pas être appréciée (Il l’a lu dans la presse), il invite ses amis romantiques. Il refuse La Claque (payer des gens pour qu’ils apprécient la pièce).
L’enjeu : Une liberté du langage dramatique, une liberté d’expression. Hugo est Romantique. Volonté de libérer le théâtre, et le langage romantique. + Bataille anecdotique, mais réel enjeu.
Hernani Rivalité entre lui et le roi d’Espagne (Le père du roi d’Espagne a tué le père de Hernani). Doña Sol s’éprend de lui + Beaucoup d’intrigues. Héros révolté.
Tragédie car les héros meurent à la fin. Inspiration de l’Espagne.
Inspiration de la tragédie classique (Le Cid Corneille)
Suite de contrastes et d’oppositions. Personnage divisé : Amour pour Doña Sol, désir de vengeance…
Drame romantique : Drame bourgeois Genre courant au 18e siècle. On va remettre à l’honneur des personnages de haut rang + mélodrame (pathétique, triste…)
Cromwell : Premier manifeste du drame romantique.
Ambition de totalité sur scène Passer par toutes les possibilités d’intrigues…
Il faut arriver à tout représenter sur scène, ce qui est pratiquement impossible.

Victor Hugo, Préface de Cromwell : « : le drame est un miroir où se réfléchit la nature. Mais si ce miroir est un miroir ordinaire, une surface plane et unie, il ne renverra des objets qu’une image terne et sans relief, fidèle, mais décolorée ; on sait ce que la couleur et la lumière perdent à la réflexion simple. Il faut donc que le drame soit un miroir de concentration qui, loin de les affaiblir, ramasse et condense les rayons colorants, qui fasse d’une lueur une lumière, d’une lumière une flamme. Alors seulement le drame est avoué de l’art. »

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