...Frequency Trading Case I, Group A6 13.10.2015 Case I: High Frequency Trading Group A6 1 1. Describe the current market structure and trends of US equities trading. The current US equity trading market structure can be evaluated from different perspectives. In light of the actual case study the focus of this brief analysis lies on the way how trades were respectively are actually pursued. Originally - until the late 1970s / early 1980s – trading took place on a physical trading floor. Brokers among floor traders and runners once populated the physical exchanges (Siddaiah, 2009). Nowadays the physical trading floors are not relevant anymore and solely exist as part of an historical brand identity (Ivey, 2014). However, even those traders still present at a physical trading floor, e.g. at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), rely on electronic support: quote filled computer screens provide information while electronic handhelds are used to eventually execute trades. Since the 1980s electronic trading constantly gained importance. Today virtually 100% of all trades are done electronically or at least with a remarkable amount of computer support. Special servers not only match ‘buy’ and ‘sell’ orders within fractions of a second but are also capable of confirming thousands of individual orders per second. Based on execution speed and power one can rank different electronic trading systems as follows1: (1) Direct Market Access (2) Algorithmic Trading and (3)...
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...For exclusive use at ESADE, 2015 W14540 DISRUPTING WALL STREET: HIGH FREQUENCY TRADING 1 Brad Evans wrote this case under the supervision of Professor Derrick Neufeld solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. This publication may not be transmitted, photocopied, digitized or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6G 0N1; (t) 519.661.3208; (e) cases@ivey.ca; www.iveycases.com. Copyright © 2014, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation Version: 2014-10-29 The day after the public release of the book Flash Boys, on April 1, 2014 CNBC invited Michael Lewis (New York Times best-selling author of Moneyball and The Blind Side), 2 along with Brad Katsuyama (chief executive officer [CEO] and co-founder of the new Investors Exchange or IEX) and Bill O’Brien (president of BATS Global Markets, Inc.), to talk about high frequency trading (HFT). The ensuing debate was explosive. O’Brien opened the interview with the following charge,...
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...High-Frequency Trading Remi Charpin MBA student BADM 580 June 28, 2010 Prepared for Professor Charles Alvis Financial Markets Seminar Table of Contents List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Background Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Discussion of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Key Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...1.9 Evidence for Limiting the Project Scope 11 1.1.10Resources Needed by the Project 12 1.1.11 Project Success Criteria 12 1.1.12 Project Feasibility Report 12 1.1.13 Project Scope Statement 14 CHAPTER # 2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 15 2.1 Problem Background in a Non-Ambiguous Manner 15 2.1.1 Elaboration of the problem 15 2.2 Proposed Solution 16 2.2.1 Conclusion drawn from the Problem Area Discussed 19 2.3 Why the Problem should be studied? 19 2.4 Importance of Identified Problem 19 2.5 Nature of Challenges and Learning Capabilities 20 2.5.1 Domain challenge 20 2.5.2 Technical challenges 21 CHAPTER # 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 23 3.1. Domain Research 23 3.1.1 Commodity Trading 23 3.1.2 Algorithmic Trading 24 3.1.3 Advantage of using Algorithms in Algorithmic Trading 25 3.1.4 Web Application 25 3.2 Market Research 26 3.2.1 Similar Web Based Systems in the Market 27 3.2.1 Conclusions Derived from Market Research 29 3.2.2 Benefits of the Proposed System over Similar System Implemented 29 3.3 Services and Technology Growth in India 29 3.3.1 Internet Growth in India 30 3.2 Critical Evaluation of the Literature Review 30 CHAPTER # 4 RESEARCH METHODS 32 4.1 Primary Search 32 4.1.2 Questionnaires 32 4.1.2 Interview 37 4.2 Secondary Research 38 4.2.1 Research of Methodology Selection 39 4.2.2 Research of Web Application Development Platform 42 4.2.3 Database Research 44 4.2.4 System Architecture Research 47 CHAPTER # 5 (Part...
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...Exchange.Let me give a short brief on the report. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is the prime bourse of the country. Through its nonstop highly fault-tolerant screen based automated trading system, the exchange can offer facilities for transparent and highly efficient mechanism provisions for secondary market activities of shares, debentures and wide varieties of other securities. The Management of the Exchange is vested with the Board of Directors comprising 12 Members elected from the shareholders of DSE., 12 non-elected independent Directors representing different Institutions, Chambers and professional bodies and the CEO. The overall operations of the exchange is run by a team of qualified executives. The bourse at present offers trading facilities for 450 securities worth Tk. 2700.74 million which accounts for 41.44% of the GDP of the country. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is the rallying point for enterprises to raise capital in Bangladesh. With a nationwide coverage by 238 brokers and dealers, DSE espouses shared vision of Bangladeshi business all over. The exchange maintains the lead in providing a launching pad for mobilizing savings of the public. 1.2 Brief History The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) was established as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Association Limited on April 28, 1954. Formal trading of the bourse began in 1956. On June 23, 1962, it was renamed as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd. The name of the stock exchange was once again changed to Dacca Stock Exchange...
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...High-Frequency Trading Peter Gomber, Björn Arndt, Marco Lutat, Tim Uhle Chair of Business Administration, especially e-Finance E-Finance Lab Prof. Dr. Peter Gomber Campus Westend • RuW P.O. Box 69 • D-60629 Frankfurt/Main Commissioned by Executive Summary High-frequency trading (HFT) has recently drawn massive public attention fuelled by the U.S. May 6, 2010 flash crash and the tremendous increases in trading volumes of HFT strategies. Indisputably, HFT is an important factor in markets that are driven by sophisticated technology on all layers of the trading value chain. However, discussions on this topic often lack sufficient and precise information. A remarkable gap between the results of academic research on HFT and its perceived impact on markets in the public, media and regulatory discussions can be observed. The research at hand aims to provide up-to-date background information on HFT. This includes definitions, drivers, strategies, academic research and current regulatory discussions. It analyzes HFT and thus contributes to the ongoing discussions by evaluating certain proposed regulatory measures, trying to offer new perspectives and deliver solution proposals. Our main results are: HFT is a technical means to implement established trading strategies. HFT is not a trading strategy as such but applies the latest technological advances in market access, market data access and order routing to maximize the returns of established trading strategies. Therefore...
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...underlying value of assets in the real world. During a flash crash, the price is determined by the dynamics of the market rather than by real-world value. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Flash crashes can be understood by looking at how trades occur in the market. Figure 1 shows the standing buy and sell orders ("limit orders") at a particular time in the market. Each order is shown at the price it is offered. The shape of the buy order curve shows that at lower prices, traders want to buy more shares. But there are no orders at very low prices because nobody expects the price to drop that far. The reverse is true for sell orders: the number of orders increases as we go to higher prices and then disappears at still higher prices. In Figure 1, no trading would occur because there is no price with both a buy order and a sell order. Trades happen when someone enters an order to buy or sell at the current market price (a "market order"). Figure 2 shows the order book after a market sell order. The seller's shares go to the traders with the highest-priced standing buy orders. The executed buy orders disappear from the order book. The price drops to where the trade was executed. This is how selling a stock decreases its price. From this we can understand how a flash crash happens: when a very large market sell order is placed, it can execute against all of the limit buy orders, which makes the buy order curve disappear and the price plunge, as shown in Figure 3. This is what happened in...
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...Impact of high-frequency trading on stock Exchanges Maastricht University | | | | School of Business & Economics | | | | Place & date: | Maastricht, 22 January 2013 | | | | Name, initials: | B.G.M. Lens | | For assessor only | | ID number: | I6048482 | | 1. Content | | Study: | International Business/Economics | | 2. Language structure | | Course code: | EBS1001 | | 3. Language accuracy | | Group number: | C | | 4. Language: Format & citing/referencing | | Tutor name: | Cigdem Akbulut | | Overall: | | Writing tutor name: | / | | Advisory grade | | Writing assignment: | High frequency trading paper | | Assessor’s initials | | Your UM email address: brianlens@gmail.com 1. Introduction On 6 May 2010 the stock market experienced a period of high instability generally known as the Flash Crash. This Flash Crash was the second largest point swing (1,010.14 points) and the biggest one-day point decline (998.5 points) in the history of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (Easley, Lopez de Prado, & O’Hara, 2010). For a few minutes, 1 trillion dollars in market value vanished. Therefore, it raised numerous alerts in the U.S. stock market and world markets. It was mainly attributed to the algorithms that nearly all high frequency traders (HFTs) use to make their stock trades. However, primarily blaming high frequency traders and their complex algorithms would ignore the other conditions that allowed the Flash Crash to occur...
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...THE GLOBAL DERIVATIVES MAGAZINE ROUNDTABLE Malaysia derivatives Global access through a global partner Held on September 18, 2012 in Singapore In association with 2 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2012 THE FOW ASIA ROUNDTABLES: BURSA MALAYSIA DERIVATIVES Sponsored by: VIP invite Date: 18 September an Bursa Malaysia Derivatives: Derivatives ccess through a Global Partner targets international growth Location: Marina Mandarin, Singapore Time: 14:45 (15:00 start) the West falter, investors are increasingly looking overseas for s mostAs established markets in The panellists will be: exciting growth markets Bursa Malaysia Derivatives (BMD) Chong Kim Seng, growth Malaysia Derivatives trading opportunities. After a decade of CEO, Bursa and a landmark deal with the CME Group and 2011 following a deal with Goh Ching Yin, targeting Devt, Securities Commission e exchange to Globex traders. in 2009, Bursa Malaysia Derivatives is ED Strategy &diversification and increasing its growing Shamsuddin bin Mohd Mahayidin, Director Foreign international participation. At the Asia Roundtables, Negara onofSeptember 18, William Mitting held Malaysia Exchange Administration Department, Bank its markets to foreign investors and ith new contract launches, more leading market participants in the Malaysian market to discuss the met with a group of Natarajan Narayanasamy, Executive Director, present themselves for international LT International Futures (M) Sdn Bhd Azila Abdul Aziz,...
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...Introduction Dark pools are a complex topic subject to misunderstanding amongst the broad public, media, and government regulators. To help provide a better perspective, we discuss the evolution of equity markets that led to the development of electronic trading, dark pools, and current market structure. We move on to analyze dark pools and their overall impact on trading. We then discuss further aspects of dark pools in particular, and consider regulation and global trends in market structure. Historical Perspective on Equity Markets The first modern equity market was established in the Netherlands in 1610 with the publically traded shares of the Dutch East India Company. Financial transactions had taken place since the dawn of civilization, but 1610 was a milestone towards the development of the equity markets we know today. Because equity securities represent transferable ownership interests in corporations, dividing business organizations into small, affordable pieces made it easier for entrepreneurs to raise capital from multiple sources. At the same time, limited liability allowed investors to diversify their investments without fear of incurring risk of personal accountability. Enhanced liquidity also eased transfer of ownership. Secondary markets for the securities of public firms quickly developed as the number of companies increased. Merchants and traders bought and sold securities just like other commodities, and specialization soon flourished. Stock exchanges...
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...Technology James Davis Com/172 October 31, 2012 Professor Glossup Technology Today, although undefined, there have been major advancements in technology in recent years regarding software and hardware in the world of business and medicine. These advancements have revolutionized how money changes hands in the world’s financial markets, how major surgeries are conducted, and how technology is used in the education of today’s youth. Electronic Platforms Today, most securities and options traders trade from an electronic platform or even multiple platforms. Even the most common day trader, who trades from their own home or office, probably will have multiple computers and monitors at their desk. From their desk or “trade station” traders can analyze data, build charts, and place his or her trades. According to Leibfarth (2006), most day traders rely on highly expensive computers and charting software to get the results they desire. The newest phenomenon to hit the trading world is algorithmic trading or black box trading. In its simplest form, individuals can programs computers or “black boxes” automatically to place trades based on certain market conditions such as volume spikes, chart patterns, trend lines, or pivot points in the markets. Once programmed, these computers can work alone and require minimal, if any, human interaction. For example, once a computer is powered on it can be directed to buy 100 shares of International Business Machines or IBM at $87...
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...FIN 3103 FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS– SECTION 1A AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ASIAN EQUITY MARKET & ITS EXCHANGES SAMUEL TOW WEE YAP (A0102724U) LIEW KUANG CHEN JOEL (A0004624U) ANG CHUAN HWEN JEREMY (A0080928X) LIAW YIH HANG (A0091535E) WU GUIYAN (A0100395N) ZHAO CHUANYI (A0105563L) Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Objectives of the Stock Market ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Capital Formation ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Connecting Traders ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Security............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Economic Indicator ...................................................................................................
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...Essay One In the paper The Dark Side of Trading, Dichev, Huang & Zhou (2014) investigate the effect of high trading volume on observed stock volatility controlling for fundamental information. Past literature almost unanimously states that high volumes of trading are always good as they are correlated with lower transactions costs, easier, faster and cheaper creation and adjustment of investment positions, lower cost of capital and higher prices. However one of the implications of the study is that increased trading also bring downsides that impact various market participants (investors, managers and regulators). The literature seems ignore the fact that a high volume of trading can also be destabilizing, as it injects a layer of trading-induced volatility over and above fundamental volatility. Practices like circuit-breakers employed by regulators to halt trading when prices fall dramatically sustain the fact that the market can sometimes go haywire for no particular reason related to fundamentals. Thus such policies are consistent with the view that trading can create its own volatility and it can get so out of hand that the best thing to do is to halt trading so everyone can cool off. The authors did three experiments, they used matched ETF and dual-class stocks as settings with substantial variation in trading but good natural controls for the underlying fundamental, and then they examined the aggregate time-series of U.S. stocks since 1926 and the cross-section of stocks...
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...CGA-CANADA FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: CONSOLIDATIONS & ADVANCED ISSUES [FA4] EXAMINATION June 2014 Marks Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. All calculations must be shown in an orderly manner to obtain part marks. Round all calculations to the nearest dollar. Narratives for journal entries are not required unless specifically requested. Assume a December 31 fiscal year end unless specifically stated otherwise. Assume all amounts are material unless directed otherwise. Assume all companies are public companies unless otherwise noted. Assume all companies use the fair value enterprise method unless otherwise stated. Time: 4 Hours 30 Question 1 Select the best answer for each of the following unrelated items. Answer each of these items in your examination booklet by giving the number of your choice. For example, if the best answer for item (a) is (1), write (a)(1) in your examination booklet. If more than one answer is given for an item, that item will not be marked. Incorrect answers will be marked as zero. Marks will not be awarded for explanations. Note: 2 marks each a. The International Accounting Standards Board has issued more than 50 accounting standards. Which of the following statements is false with respect to these standards? 1) Member countries must comply with these standards. 2) Many countries, including Canada, have adopted these standards for use by companies listed on stock exchanges in their own countries. 3) Some of the standards allow a choice in accounting...
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...Performance and Trading In Currency Markets Name Course Professor/ Tutor University City/State Date Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Proposal 4 1.2 Research Questions 5 2.0 Literature review 5 2.1 Traditional Portfolio Measures …………………………………………………………….6 a. Sharpe ratio: 6 b. Treynor ratio: 7 c. Jensen Alpha: 8 d. Fama-French Model 10 2.2 Assumption to Models ……………………………………………………………………11 2.3 Possible Results ……………………………………………………………………………11 2.4 Limitations of the traditional models ……………………………………………………12 3.0 Academic Review 14 3.1 Types of Analysis Applied in Currency Markets ……………………………………14 3.2 Empirical Literature Review ……………………………………………………………17 3.2.1 Hedging in the Currency Market ……………………………………………………19 4.0 Individual Currency Index Returns ……………………………………………………20 4.1.1 The Factors ……………………………………………………………………………21 a. Trend 21 b. Value 22 c. Volatility 22 4.2 Individual Currency Manager Returns ……………………………………………………23 5.0 Limitation to study ……………………………………………………………………25 6.0 Critique of Data source ……………………………………………………………………26 7.0 Results From Previous studies ……………………………………………………………29 8.0 Conclusion 30 References List 31 Performance and Trading In Currency Markets 1.0 Introduction The financial money market or the currency market is one of the markets that reports high trading volume. Most investors are keen in the trends of financial markets both from a local and an international perspective (Fanchiotti...
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