Test 1 – Study Guide

1. Features/characteristics of a civilization * Literature * Cities * Organized Government * Specialized Labor * Monumental Architecture * Religion

2. Persian Empire – general description, major contributions, means of maintaining empire * Tried to conquer Greece * Maintained Empire through fear 3. Hebrew view of Man, view of God
View of God a. One b. Sovereign c. Transcendent d. Good
View of Man e. Created by God f. A rule or ethical system g. A choice or moral freedom h. Dignity and autonomy of human beings

4. Persian Wars – who fought, why, who won, how, significance i. Who Fought? i. Persians vs. Greeks j. Why? ii. Fundamental differences, East vs. West iii. Disputed territory in Asia Minor iv. Greece as a stepping-stone to Europe k. Who Won? v. The Greeks l. How? vi. Superior Military Skill m. So What? vii. Persians locked out of Europe forever viii. Athenian Imperialism ix. Delian League – Greek alliance between city states to prevent future attacks from Persia x. Launches them into Athenian Golden Age

5. Sparta –description, major contributions, contrast with Athens * Formed Delian league to fight against Athens * Experienced Land Military while Athens had an Experienced Navy * Athens was focused on cultural expansion while Sparta loved war

6. Cosmologists – role in origins of Greek philosophy, methods, examples, significance
Methods
n. Physical Matter o. Mathematical Order – Pythagoras p. Logical Proof – Mataphysics q. Mechanical Structure
Impact
r. Critical Analysis s. Systemized Knowledge

7. Plato’s Theory of Ideas – describe, illustrate, implications
Theory of Ideas t. True reality is known only through the mind
Theory of Just State

8. Aristotle – when and where, major contributions
Critique of Plato u. Believed knowledge came from experience Wasn’t innate in man v. Ethics xi. Moderation – nothing in excess w. Politics xii. Middle Class should govern

9. Hellenistic Thought – major features, contrast with Hellenic thought, examples xiii. Hellenistic Thought 1. Individualistic, all about me. Meaning in emotional need xiv. Hellenic Thought 2. Community, society

I. The second part will be ‘Identify and Define.’ For each item, you will be asked to identify and/or define the item using at least 60 words. This does not need to be a formal essay, but it must make sense.
In addition to the minimum length, your answer will be graded based on how well it demonstrates your knowledge of the topic including, but not limited to, such information as origins, major events or characteristics, lasting significance, etc. Outside research or prior knowledge is not necessary. Your answers should be based on the course content. There is no maximum length.
You will be given a list of 4-6 items and you will be asked to select 3-5 items from that list. The list of items on the test will be taken from the following: 1. Why study history (from two “Intro to Western Civ articles” and class lecture/discussion) a. Because Jesus cared about history. He used the OT in his teachings. 2. Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization compared (from class lecture and discussion) Mesopotamia * Independent City States * Kings, Laws * Trade, higher learning * Ziggurats * Cuneiform * Polytheism * Pessimistic Outlook Egypt * Cities, not independent * Pharaoh * Trade, higher learning * Pyramids * Tombs for pharaoh’s * Hieroglyphics * Religion * Polytheistic * Pharaoh is a god * Optimistic Outlook 3. Mythmaking vs. scientific worldview (from class lecture/discussion and ch 1) * Mythimaking worldview - is a worldview based on Greek mythology and everything that happens in life is based off of how you treat the gods. * Scientific Worldview – based off of reason instead of religion 4. Hebrew prophets – general description, role, major teachings, examples (from class lecture, ch 2) 5. Golden Age of Greece – when, describe, achievements (from class lecture, video, chs 3-4) b. Pericles i. Introduced the idea of a salary for public officials ii. Uses money from Delian League to rebuild Athens c. Parthenon d. Height of Athenian Democracy iii. Features: Citizen, Assembly Council iv. Impact 1. Principle of Self-Government 2. Principle of the legal state 3. Idea of Democracy e. Cultural Achievement v. Rebuilding of the Acropolis vi. Parthenon f. When? vii. 5th century BC – Peloponnesian Wars

6. Athenian Democracy – features of mature democracy, impact (from class lecture, video and ch 3) 7. Peloponnesian Wars – who fought, why, who won, how, significance (from video and ch 3) g. Who fought? Delian League (Athens) vs. Peloponnesian League (Sparta) h. Why did the fight? Sparta and other city-states felt they were being oppressed by Athens. i. Who won? Peloponnesian League j. How did they win? viii. Spartans had superior land forces ix. Spartans also outnumbered the Athenians x. Spartans sought outside help xi. In the end Athens had a plague k. So what? Short- and long-term impact xii. Greeks begin to abandon the whole idea of the polis xiii. Left the greek-city states vulnerable 8. Greek Historiography – major features, examples (from online lecture, examples from ch 3) * Humanism * Critical Analysis * Cyclists * They Believe History Repeats Itself 9. Greek Contribution – list and explain significance (from class lecture and ch 4) * Reason * Political & Ethical Freedom * Humanism 10. Alexander the Great – identify, brief background, major achievements, significance
Who was he? – title/position l. King of Macedonia at Age 20 (Father was assassinated) m. Tutored by Aristotle
When and Where did he live n. 4th Century BC, Macedonia
What did he do? How? Why? o. What? He conquered territories from Greece to India, Nile to the Punjab. He also spread Greek culture and blended it with cultures of territories he conquered p. How? Superior military skill/strategy q. Why? To fulfill his fathers dreams, wants to rule the world
Legacy/Impact (so what?) r. Military s. Conquests t. Blending of cultures u. Spread of Greek culture

11. Hellenistic Civilization – general description, unifying factors, advances in culture and learning, comparison with Hellenic civilization
Cosmopolitan
v. City Life w. A world community/diversity/blending of cultures
Greek Culture x. Common language was Koine Greek (NT was written in this)
Hellenistic Cities y. Life in the city
Trade – cultural exchange
Achievemtns
z. Literate, history, art {. Science xiv. Circumference of Earth II. The third part will be a map section.
Be prepared to label any of the following items on a map like the one below. Use any of the maps in chapters 1-5 of your textbook to locate the listed items.

1. 2. Egypt 3. Greece 4. Jerusalem 5. Italy 6. Mediterranean Sea 7. Aegean Sea 8. Black Sea 9. Asia Minor

Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Asia Minor
Asia Minor

Greece
Greece
Aeg. Sea
Aeg. Sea
Black Sea
Black Sea
Med. Sea
Med. Sea
Egypt
Egypt
Italy
Italy