...Impact of Salt and Exercise on Blood Pressure Abstract High blood pressure has been a major health concern over the years because it is a major contributor to heart related diseases and conditions a major cause of death in populations today and in the past. Extensive research regarding this issue has been carried out to establish its cause. Among the major causes of high blood pressure, as research shows, is salt specifically sodium, an electrolyte compound found in salt. Salt is association known to not only cause high blood pressure but also cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indeed, the pharmacological capacity to reduce blood pressure has produced one of the great public health accomplishments of the 20th century. These two facts the positive relation of blood pressure to strokes and heart attacks and the positive association of sodium intake to blood pressure underlies the hypothesis that a reduction in sodium intake, by virtue of its hypotensive effect, might prevent strokes and heart attacks. Moreover, even if the effect on blood pressure were in the range of a 1- to 2-mm Hg decline in blood pressure for every 75- to 100-mmol difference in sodium intake, the impact of such a change, applied to the whole population, would be enormous. It has also been proven that exercise reduced the dangerous effect of salt on the body. Constant exercising not only help in maintaining a healthy blood pressure but also it ensures that blood pressure related issues such as obesity...
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...Hypertension in Older Adults Jihan Leonard Labouré College Abstract This research paper looks at the medical condition hypertension, otherwise known as high blood pressure. The history of the disease from the first discoveries of Stephen Hale to the implementation of high blood pressure testing as a standard in routine health care by Samuel Karl Ritter Von Basch are among the topics discussed. In addition to past and current treatments of this condition like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and diuretics, etc., new approaches are reviewed (removal of the carotid body to the use of radio waves). Hypertension in Older Adults – Past, Current and New Treatments Something often attributed to old age, being overweight, etcetera, hypertension has become a common place medical condition in adults. This paper will look at the efficacy of past and current treatments, and new approaches to treat this medical condition. With the phrase older adults, it’s referring to those over 60 and in some of the journal articles the mean age of those in the studies average 80/83 years old. Hypertension is a medical condition that occurs when you have a continually high systemic arterial blood pressure. It is defined when the systolic pressure is constantly bigger than 140 mmHg or when the diastolic pressure is constantly bigger than 90 mmHg or more. But for people over the age of 60, hypertension is bigger than 150/90. Hypertension is...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Disorders related to hypertension are one of the most common medical complications during the pregnancy. It is also an important cause of maternal and preinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide (Baha, 1996). The term hypertension in pregnancy describes a broad spectrum of medical conditions, for which the pressure in the blood vessels varies widely. According to studies conducted by WHO (2004), hypertension causes complications in 5 to 7% pregnancies in the United Kingdom. The risks associated with hypertension are high for pregnant women and they are higher risk for complications such as organ failure, cerebrovascular accident, abruptio placentae and disseminated intravascular coagulation (Mark, 1998). Also hypertension creates complications for the featus and it is at the risk or intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and intrauterine death. Hypertension is also a major cause of maternal, fetal and neo natal morbidity and mortality, not only in developing but in developed countries also,(Pesola (2001). The rate of eclampsia in the UK have fallen recently, hypertension during the pregnancy remains one of the main causes of maternal death. According to a study conducted by NICE one third of maternal morbidity was caused as a result of hypertensive conditions. Hypertensive disorders also carry a risk for the baby. In the most recent UK perinatal mortality report, 1 in 20 (5%) stillbirths in infants without congenital abnormality occurred...
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...Hypertension treated naturally 1 HYPERTENSION TREATED NATURALLY Hypertension treated naturally Jaiel A. Omari Kaplan University HS305-01: Research Methods for Health Sciences Instructor: Sridhar Rajappan April 2, 2013 Hypertension treated naturally 2 As I have founded out by doing this paper hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a very deadly disease which lead to some time very fatal conditions such as strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, or kidney disease. The purpose of hypertension treatment is to lower high blood pressure and protect important organs, like the brain, heart, and kidneys from damage (WebMD, 2013). The biggest thing that I think I have learned is that there is much more research that is needed on this subject matter. I think mainstream medicine is just now learning that alternative and natural methods of treating hypertension/high blood pressure are viable. I also feel that with the social media revolution that is going on now more and more people are being made aware of the alternative ways of treating medical problems which in my opinion is making the medical industry stand and take notice. I also found out and would like people to know that high blood pressure is one of the easiest diseases to treat with natural medicine. I would also like to state that people should have some knowledge of using natural medicine or get some medical supervision because natural medicine can be dangerous as well. In closing I hope...
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...CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH 1.0 Introduction To Research Performance and achievement can be gain by having a productive and organize work environment. To have a productive environment, student must able to separate time for work and time for personal matters equally. They also must be able to do assignments professionally. The performance will be increase as long as the students give commitment to do whatever they can to be productive. So, this research will study if there is relationship between student’s health status and their academic performance. It is being identify the factors affecting health status are Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure and glucose. The body mass index (BMI) is the metric currently in use for defining...
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...In this paper I will be focusing on the medical field and discussing different types of tools that a medical assistant uses in a physician’s office. Usually the kind of technology used in this filed are needles and tubes, EKG machines, weight scales, computers, telephones, blood pressure monitors and otoscopes. The five specific technology tools I will be discussing are otoscopes, stethoscopes, mayo stand, blood pressure monitors and a retinoscope. An otoscope is a tool with lenses and a light used for visual examination of the eardrum and the passage of the outer ear. The otoscope can come in various sizes and even digital. This tool allows doctors to look into the ear for infections or wax build-up or a puncture or rupture of the eardrum. The price for purchasing an otoscope ranges from $25 to $105. You do not have to be certified to use this tool....
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...Wysocki, 2013). Plan of Action-Specifics The smart goal chosen for this paper is to make sure when a patient comes in for an office visit and has an elevated blood pressure 140/90 the patient should have a second blood pressure taken and documented before that patient leaves the office. Many patients with a high blood pressure reading will leave the office before the blood pressure has been retaken. This can be detrimental for the patient if this issue is not properly addressed and treated. Many people do not know they have high blood pressure because many times there are no signs or symptoms and it is considered the “silent killer”. This goal will take place in the 50 different Methodist out-patient clinical offices throughout Central Illinois. This goal will involve any person who is involved in the rooming of a patient with an elevated blood pressure. Included in rooming a patient would involve the Medical Office Assistant (MOA), Registered Nurse (RN), Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), Nurse Practitioner (NP), Physician Assistant (PA), and the Physicians caring for the patient. Plan of Action-Measures This goal can be measured by setting standards high and specifying that 100 percent of patients presenting a blood pressure above 140/90 have a second blood pressure taken and documented in the patients chart before the patient leaves the office. If that patients’ blood pressure is once again higher than 140/90 the provider will be notified before the patient...
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...Hypertension complicates up to 15% of pregnancies, with pre-eclampsia affecting 2–3%. Pre-eclampsia is defined as a multisystem disorder characterised by raised blood pressure and proteinuria. Pre-eclampsia is a condition in pregnancy involving high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Most women with mild pre-eclampsia give birth without problems. However, severe pre-eclampsia can cause major problems with the functioning of the liver, kidneys and blood clotting. These symptoms are late manifestations of a disease process that is initiated in early pregnancy and is the major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity (MORLEY 2004) The purpose of this literature review is to critically analyse the research available for the use of aspirin in the prevention of pre-eclampsia. However it was difficult to find the relevant articles that related to only the use of aspirin and not a combination of aspirin and other hypertension reducing medication. Also a lot of evidence pointed to the administration of magnesium sulphate based medication working in combination with aspirin or aspirin use in IVF conception methods. The search for relevant articles began with a search in Pub Med .Using the words, “Pre- eclampsia AND aspirin”, gave 494 results. Limitations were then applied to narrow the search. Firstly the search was narrowed to relevant article published in the last 5 years which reduced the finding to 88. Then only relevant articles in relation to the human’s species were applied...
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...consumption of carbohydrates is between 55-75% for the vast majority of the global population as their main source of food intake and energy. And the general populous continues to be misinformed by government agencies regarding what a normal, healthy diet, should be, as well as what a balanced diet looks like. Eating a low-carb high-fat, or ketogenic, diet of high fat, adequate protein and low carbohydrates can provide many health benefits as compared to the alternative of an unhealthy diet. Research suggests that a ketogenic diet builds a healthier body than other diets because it will lead to weight loss, improved blood pressure, and reduce appetites. The ketogenic diet is the foundation for a healthy life. As noted by Dr. Eenfeldt (2014), The ketogenic diet has been referred to by different names, such as: the keto diet, low carb diet, low carb high fat (LCHF), and to some degree the Adkins Diet. The ketogenic diet is a well known diet for being associated with consuming a low amount of carbohydrates, a moderate amount of protein and high amount of fat, where the body produces ketones in the liver to be used as energy (Taubes, 2008). With a diet high in carbohydrates your body will produce glucose and insulin. Glucose is the easiest molecule for your body to convert and use as energy, so it will be chosen over other energy sources. The insulin is produced in order to process the glucose in your bloodstream (Taubes, 2008, p.167). Since the glucose is used as the primary energy...
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...Research Critique of “Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women” Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previously experienced preeclampsia. The purpose of the study was to compare a walking exercise to a stretching exercise program during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previous history of preeclampsia. This five-year study investigated the effects of walking or stretching on the incidence of preeclampsia and reports on adherence to the intervention and on the secondary outcomes of changes in resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure and weight gain (Yeo, 2009). Statement of the Problem The problem was clearly stated and was a sufficient researchable problem. The researcher does a good job of stating why the problem is important, but there was no mention of the number of people who are affected by preeclampsia and complications of the disease itself. Yeo (2009) identifies the following research question for this study as: 1. Will previously sedentary pregnant women adhere to an exercise program for 40 minutes a day 5 times a week in the latter half of pregnancy (Yeo, 2009)? 2. Is there a difference in adherence to a walking program or a stretching exercise program (Yeo, 2009)? 3. How does adherence to walking or stretching change with the advance of pregnancy (Yeo, 2009)...
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...Epidemiology Paper Allison Brown Nur 408 May 14, 2012 Prof. Pamela Orr Epidemiology Paper People have many health concerns and diagnosis that presents to the current public health as daunting. The first step in any medical situation regarding a person’s health is prevention that is talked among the professionals in the health community. This will be the only way to help the cycle to break that will further prevent other diseases from occurring. Using epidemiology and the epidemiology triangle diabetes in African Americans will be observed. This health concern in many communities in the United States can be prevented and helped, but information is the key to success. In this paper we will be examining the definition and description of epidemiology, the steps and methods of epidemiology, reviewing the data of the selected population. We will also be looking at the epidemiological triangle as well as various levels of prevention. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2012). Epidemiology is a type of science that guides our understanding of the strong points of how exposure and the relation to how it effects...
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...Family Health Promotion in Nursing Practice February 22, 2014 Family Health Promotion Health promotion is defined as the science and art of helping people improve their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The World Health Organization (WHO) believes health promotion allows health to be a resource and not the objective of living (WHO, 2012). This paper will review the purpose of health promotion as related to nursing practice, and how nursing roles and responsibilities have evolved in regards to health promotion and implementation on the prevention, management and long term maintenance and rehabilitation on Stroke patients, including preventing education to the public and communities, on a primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention level (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). A stroke is caused by the disruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually related to a blood vessel ruptures or blocked by a clot, as define by World Health Organization. The blockage of oxygen and nutrients to the brain’s tissues can cause permanent damage to the brain tissue. Warning signs of stroke are, sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg, most often on one side of the body. Other symptoms include: confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech; difficulty seeing with one or both eyes; walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; fainting or unconsciousness. The effects of a stroke...
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...RESEARCH CRITIQUE Research Critique of Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women Ana H. Corona Western University of Health Sciences CGN 5306: Biostatistics and Epidemiology August 1, 2009 Research Critique of “Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women” Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high risk women who were sedentary and had previously experienced preeclampsia. The introduction of this article does give a sense of the importance of the problem area. This four-year study investigates the effects of walking or stretching on the incidence of preeclampsia and reports on adherence to the intervention and on the secondary outcomes of changes in resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure and weight gain. Statement of the Problem The purpose of the study was to compare a walking exercise to a stretching exercise program during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previous history of preeclampsia. The problem was clearly stated and was a feasible researchable problem. The problem had significance for nursing and for the medical profession and might improve practice and education. While the researcher does a good job of stating why the problem is important, it could have been helpful for him to list numbers of people who are affected by preeclampsia and complications of the disease...
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...Research Critique of Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V 1/12/14 Research Critique of “Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women” Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high risk women who were sedentary and had previously experienced preeclampsia. The introduction of this article does give a sense of the importance of the problem area. This four-year study investigates the effects of walking or stretching on the incidence of preeclampsia and reports on adherence to the intervention and on the secondary outcomes of changes in resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure and weight gain. Problem Statement The purpose of the study was to compare a walking exercise to a stretching exercise program during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previous history of preeclampsia. The problem was clearly stated and was a feasible researchable problem. The problem had significance for nursing and for the medical profession and might improve practice and education. While the researcher does a good job of stating why the problem is important, it could have been helpful for him to list numbers of people who are affected by preeclampsia and complications of the disease itself. Purpose and Research Questions The research questions were clear by much inquiry...
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...response, and advocacy in the individuals, families, communities, and population.” There are three pathways to becoming a nurse. The first one is a three year diploma in a hospital setting. A two to three years associate degree program is the second option offered through a technical or community school. A four year BSN degree program offered at a college or university is the last pathway. To obtain an RN licensure, both (ADN) and (BSN) programs sit for National Licensure Examination (NCLEX). Although passing (NCLEX) is similar for both programs, this exam only measures minimal clinical competencies and not the total education preparation and skills needed to practice safely whether it is in a clinical, inpatient or outpatient setting. This paper will explore not only their professional, educational preparation, but also the differences in competencies between associate degree and baccalaureate of science nurse degree levels. In 1958, following the World War 11, to relieve the shortage of nurses demand prompted by the world war, the associate degree nursing (ADN) program was developed. ADN nurses would work as technical nurses under the supervision of professional nurses. However this was a temporary fix for the shortage of nurses post world war. The ADN program became popular for those who desired a...
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