...be the public education systems of Germany and the United States. The issue that countries around the world are beginning to face as nations continues to advance technologically, is having enough educated citizens to support these advancements and fill the already available jobs requiring degrees. In this day and age, College is becoming a permanent reminder financially to many Americans, leading to years of loans haunting the graduates. This economic setback forces many to enter the workforce out of high school, working entry level jobs and failing to quell the need for educated workers. In Germany, the free advanced education approach has crafted an education system many feel America should...
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...categories……………………….….……..…………………………7 What is tuition discounting…………………………………………………………………...………………………………...8 Tuition discounting is attractive to higher education institutions..……………………………….………….9 Negative consequences to tuition discounting………………………………….……………..……………….…..10 For-Profit and Distance Learning Schools.……….……………………………….…………………………………...12 Trends in revenue and funding………………………………………………………….…...……………………….…….11 Gainful employment.……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….13 Solutions……………….…………………………………………………………………………..……….………………………….14 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………….……….…………………………15 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16 Introduction The most important investment that someone will make in life is education. It sets the foundation for one’s professional life and career. Education needs to be accessible to everyone who chooses to pursue it. This means that education should be accessible both in a classroom, online, digital, for both non-traditional and traditional students. Having the opportunity to earn a degree is both fundamental to a student’s success in life and increases their chances of being a well-rounded individual with goals and expectations for a profession. Abstract The mushrooming of student financial aid in all its forms has transformed the economics of American Higher Education. For private colleges and universities, the privatizations era has brought...
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...Research Topic: Financial Sustainable Development of Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries I. Introduction Education is an economically and socially productive investment and in the majority of the both industrialised and developing countries, it is funded mainly by the government (Psacharopoulos, 1986). The expansion of education received by individuals depends both on their and governments’ fiscal resources (Barr, N., 2008). In recent years, however, the world financial-economic crises and adverse macroeconomic conditions have reduced most government’s ability to continue expanding quantity of educational institutions, improving quality of education and widening access, all subject to a fiscal constraint. At the same time, the potential contributions of students and their families are limited by the current financial arrangements (Albrecht & Ziderman, 1995). The result is underinvestment in education, particularly in higher education. However, more investment in human capital will lead to higher economic growth rates and that the rates of return on these investments for both government and private individuals would be very profitable (Steyn and Villiers, 2006). Most empirical studies by several researchers, such as Barr, N. (2008); Johnstone, B. & Marcucci, P. (2010); Psacharpoulos, G. & Partinos, H. A. (2004); and Sam, M. (2011) reveal that higher education has expended significantly in the last quarter century in most of the developing countries...
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...achieved by increased crime prevention and that the most effective form of crime prevention is achieved through education” (Ehrlich, 1975). Education can change the outlook of individuals when dealing with certain situations. Therefore, the ones who don’t have a higher education level or just a low education level in general resolve situation through what they have learned or seen which is violence crime. These individuals don’t think about the consequences of their behavior and Ehrlich stated, “Many researchers also argue that the more education an individual has, the more heavily he or she will weigh the future consequences (i.e., punishment) of his or her current criminal or antisocial actions” (Ehrlich, 1975). The system is too confusing for eighteen and nineteen-year old to understand the process for accepting loans. Therefore, the students who must take out loans just do so because they know they need them to be able to further their education. However, they never understand how much money they will have to pay back in interest by the time they graduate. Ways Tuition Can be...
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...HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN From State control to State supervision Wasim Anwar Masther thesis for the Master of Philosophy degree in Comparative and International Education, Institute for Educational Research UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 31st October 2007 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor Carl. J. Hatteland for his continuous support for the completion of the thesis. Secondly, thanks to the faculty of Educational Research and all teachers for inspiration to choose research in the field of higher education. Thirdly, support of my parents and wife without which I would have been not able to complete this thesis. Oslo, October 2007 Wasim Anwar 2 Abstract. Higher Education forms part of every society. This study focuses on the higher education in Pakistan. It presents development of higher education in Pakistan in which the government has played a major rule for forty years. The higher education system in Pakistan for the majority of the years has remained under the state control; government has played a major role in policy making and implementation. This dependence has given growth to a higher education dependent on the government funds. With an increase in the student numbers, diversification of higher education and with the entrance of private sector has changed the scenario. The increase in number of private higher educational institutions with government finances shrinking, has given rise to a lot of challenges for...
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...Final research paper on “Education vs. Prison Funding” The government is responsible for security of its citizens and it is also responsible to provide a safe socio-economic environment to its people, and in this context; Jails and schools are two important institutions of any society, which need regular monetary support from the government. Thus government has to be very careful in allocating funds to both of the institutions; as one punishes the convicts and other makes the people skillful, and wise enough to get a job and earn money for family. Government has to be very careful in allocation of funds to them, as it is very critical to decide which institution should be allocated more money. The report, “Prison Spending Affecting Higher Education in California” states that in 2008 one of every 48 adults was in jail; this data states the very reason that why prisons are getting so much funding against education. We need to take very stringent and effective steps to reduce the population of prisons. The article, “Education and Public Safety (2007)” mentions that the lack of proper education is directly proportional to increase in prison population; the fact that most criminals are from some particular areas, where the high school dropout is maximum, proves this theorem. It is dangerous for the future of the society that the education in lack of subsidy and proper funding is becoming unaffordable for more and more students. The prison data shows that around 50 percent population...
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...Thelin's book History of American Higher Education Chapter 7: Gilt by Association According to John Thelin, the golden age of higher education ranged from 1945 to 1965 and the shape of Higher Education changed significantly during this period. When viewed in terms an economist might use, the market for higher education changed significantly by experiencing a shift in both the supply and the demand curve. This shift was in large part due to the GI Bill of 1944, and the fact that institutions were in some measure prepared for the large increase in demand. They had already invested the monies necessary to build the structures, and adding students was much less costly than the initial outlay of land and construction. When universities did add classrooms they were typically Quonset huts and other temporary buildings. The GI Bill of 1944 (more correctly entitled the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944) provided many benefits to veterans of World War II. President Franklin Roosevelt wanted a way to allow servicemen to reenter the labor market gradually, allowing factories time to retool, switching from making tanks to making tires. At the time, education was not a central concern. The education portion of the GI Bill was added on by a few legislators and the American Legion once the act was already written. After a year of debate and compromise, the final version passed by one vote in a joint conference. Oddly enough, many higher education officials did not recognize the...
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...College Education Should Be Accessible and Affordable Kyei Baffour Comm 215: Essentials of College Writing April 23, 2012 Sharon Grunst There was a time when parents who could not afford to pay for college for their children just worked their way through it by paying in bits and pieces from their monthly paychecks, relied on gifts from other family members or simply took another job to make those dreams a reality. The current recessionary economic situation the country finds itself in has put added strain on college financing options for most people and the sooner steps are taken to fix these problems the better. I come to this conclusion because of my personal situation concerning this topic. My family currently has three college students; I, my wife and our son, and we are all relying on loans and some grants to fund our education. I think the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which includes heavy investments in education, passed by Congress and signed into law by the President is a very good step in the right direction. This Act provides over $30 billion in funds to help improve access to college and help lay the foundation for positive long-term achievements of the country’s educational goals. Now is the time for increased investments in education because the economy, reeling from the current recession, benefits as a whole. The availability of adequate and inexpensive funding for college...
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...Walden Student Interest January 27, 2013 Walden University Understanding Higher Education The issues of student learning graduation have increased its importance tremendously throughout the years. Education has become very important in the world today amongst individuals for many reasons. Many people are trying to make better salaries, get promoted on the job, and become better aware in certain areas. In today’s world having a bachelor degree is like having a High School diploma and this has changed tremendously from the past. A bachelor’s degree before held very high standards years back and meant so much because there was not as many people perusing further education as they are now. Now many people are working on Master’s Degree immediately after their bachelor degree is received. This has up the scale for every student that currently holds a bachelor degree and allows them to possibly want Master and Doctorates. Now it is not uncommon for a student to get a doctorate at a much younger age than before because education plays such a big role currently. Student learning is more important because with the recession going on, it is more likely that a person with a college degree will get the job before a regular high school diploma. It is so hard to get a job just having a high school diploma and that makes individuals want to go to further their education to be able to get a decent job making decent money. Graduation is important because of there is no point...
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...Pros and Cons of Today's College Education Student’s name: Institutional affiliation: The current state of higher education in United States In the recent past, the state of higher education in the United States has been under the spotlight of deteriorating quality, high costs and turnover rates. The top and bottom divisions of United States institutions of higher learning have become so dissimilar from each other that they have stopped being the single coherent social institution. Institutions belonging to the top strata have values, missions, funding and personnel that are different from those at the bottom. Universities and colleges that are in the middle class are torn between these extremes. Universities in the top strata have become a preserve for the minority few who are affluent. Attending universities like Harvard has been left to the few who can afford to pay the exorbitant fees. The divisions arising in institutions of higher learning have come to be viewed as a show of might and class, as well as a means by which the American plutarchy duplicates itself. Donoghue (nd) notes that top strata universities’ one year tuition fee is more than the average income of American citizens. Universities in the middle and bottom classes are continually grappling with budget cuts as the government strives to sustain the budget in times of economic downturns. Budget cuttings have severe implications for public colleges and universities as universities have to raise their...
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...CHAPTER TWELVE FUNDING HIGHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: CRUCIAL ISSUES A. O. O. OGUNTOYE,Pk.D Introduction Education is the fastest growing social sector of the Nigerian economy, at least, in quantitative terms. Education grew slowly but steadily during the colonial era but there was a dramatic leap forward in enrolment in the 1970s after the windfall from an oil wealth that came in form of sale of oil, oil royalties and taxes on oil. Both the wealth and the expansion in enrolment were unprecedented 'in the annals of the country. The boom, which lasted for a few years, because of its nature and the kind of people that managed it, spelt doom for education. This chapter briefly examines past trends in enrolments and educational financing with a view to assessing present predicaments and future possibilities. There has been a monolithic supplier of funds to education - the government. This source, which is now over-burdened and overwhelmed, cries out for relief, which cannot come in easy because it involves hard political choices with attendant costs, moreso, because it is easier to destroy by a stroke of the pen in the 1970s when the fever of school take-over and free education spread like wild-fires. Demand and Supply of Education in Nigeria The demand and supply of education follow a linear relationship that keeps on expanding in response to the average growth in population of more than 2.5% annually. Nigerians having tasted education become insatiable, moreso, because of the profound...
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...of a college education. The state of California policymakers are focusing on affordability and providing the funds needed for students to afford an education. With financial aid assistance and low cost public institutions, students are able to access education. There was a decrease in 2005 state financial funding, which significantly reduced student aid awards and increased tuition costs at higher education institutions. As a result, the average cost of tuition, fees, and room and board are above the national average. In addition, due to the budget cuts state schools in California, such as CSU’s & UC’s have had to deny admission to qualifying candidates. Because of the recession,...
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...INTRODUCTION: Globally, there is increasing demand for higher education, especially from the youth population of developing countries, as it is viewed as an important pathway for greater social mobility (Devesh, 2008). According to the World Trade Organization (WTO 2010), private returns from higher education are high for both developed and developing countries. In developing countries, the wage differential between a secondary school leaver and a university graduate is estimated to be as high as 200%. Besides the wage premium, rapidly changing technology in a globalized world is also demanding new and changing competencies that require life-long learning skills, for which mature students often have to go back to college for re-training and re-skilling. Malaysia is one of the most subsidized nations in the world. Its total subsidy of RM74 billion in 2009 is equivalent to RM12,900 per household or 4.6 per cent of GDP even higher than Indonesia (2.7 per cent) & Philippines (0.2 per cent). Out of the numbers, RM 30.8 billion goes to Primary, secondary, higher education and scholarships. Higher education in Malaysia is divided into 2 sectors; public and non-public sector, there are about 20 universities and 6 university colleges (the term “university college” is used to for those tertiary level education institutions that are able to confer their own degrees but have not achieved university status). In the non-public sector there are 559 institutions of varying types including:...
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...1/31/14 College Performance-Based Funding Ohio is taking an aggressive approach to reshape the higher education funding system. The current system in place bases college funding on the amount of students attending the college. The new system Governor Kasich is trying to put in place would have funding be completely reliant on the colleges graduation rate, or “performance”. The system has been up for debate for years. This performance-based system has been attempted before inside the United States with minimal success. There is about a 350 million dollar budget that needs to be dispersed fairly throughout the state, and Governor Kasich strongly believes that funding based on performance provides enough incentives for colleges and students to strive for success. Kasich devised a committee of the higher education leaders of Ohio. The governor appointed E. Gordon Gee, former president of Ohio Sate University, to lead the charge to redesign the college funding system in Ohio. Roderick J. McDavis, the president of Ohio University, completely supports the new system in his article “Higher Education Funding: Getting the Complete Picture”. The title contradicts the article itself because McDavis gives far from “the complete picture”. The performance-based system put in place by Ohio representatives needs some adjusting before there could be any level of success. The performance-based system was designed so it would help acquire funding for all schools and McDavis explains...
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...than half of bachelor degree recipients at four-year for profit institutions carried education debt of $30,500 or more during the 2007-2008 academic year, compared with 24 percent of those at private four-year institutions and 12 percent at public four-year schools” (Clemmit). A college education is meant to prepare people for a desired career where they can hope to attain the American Dream but unless you come from a wealthy family, paying for this education could take the rest of your life. With constant budget cuts in education, universities are forced to increase tuition prices dramatically which results in students graduating with large amounts of debt and no guarantee of a job to pay it off. Raising tuition prices is unfair to the students hoping to accomplish their dreams and live life the way they choose. Universities are taking advantage of people coming out of high school willing to do whatever it takes to prepare themselves for the career they desire. Something should be done to stop these schools from raising prices so high that taking a loan out is a common practice to pay for school. American families are having a hard enough time as it is with the recession and the housing market fallout to even consider putting more debt on their already sinking credit. The government should recognize that with tuition cost rising so much, less people are pursuing a higher education. Education is one of the most important aspects of a first world country. If a student is...
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