...Comparison of Jainism and Hinduism REL212 – World Religions July 28, 2013 Comparison of Jainism and Hinduism The two religions that we are comparing are going to be Jainism and Hinduism. The origin of Jainism is India which was formed in 550 BCE (Gunn). It is one of the oldest religions in the world and is taught by Tirthankaras which are also known as Jina. The origin of Hinduism is also India. It has no founders and the earliest forms date to 1500 BC or earlier. Three of Jainism foundational spiritual beliefs are non-violence (ahimsa), non-absolutism (anekanta), and non-possession (apraigraha). The first foundational spiritual belief is the principle of non-violence, which is strong in Jain teachings. It embraces the well-being of all animals that are visible and invisible. According to Akaranga Sutra, IV: Lesson 1, it says: one should not injure, subjugate, enslave, torture or kill any animal, living being, organism or sentient being (Fisher). The second, non-absolutism, is another principle in Jainism that encourages avoiding anger and judgment. A person has to remain open-minded by remembering that any issue can be seen from many angles, all partially true (Fisher). Last but not least, non-possession is a principle that teaches to let go of things and people. It states that acquiring material things possess us by driving our emotions. The more a person is attached to worldly things the more they are likely to commit sin to obtain that possession (Shah)...
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...Jainism vs. Sikhism Worksheet Rebecca Viramontes REL 133 June 2, 2015 Rev Dr Dwight Cooper ------------------------------------------------- University of Phoenix Material Jainism vs. Sikhism Part I Read the assigned chapters for the week and complete the following table. Be as specific as possible when identifying practices, beliefs, rituals, and historical elements. Cite sources in APA formatting. Core Beliefs | Jainism | Sikhism | | 1. Ahimsa- nonviolence belief means extremely gentle or harmless. This is the core belief in Jainism. It includes avoiding occupations that may harm other living animals including insects, using items made from animals such as leather and feathers. | 1. Have allowed for the religion to develop military defense. Because on the early Gurus was murdered as a martyr the military or body guard sect was formed. These soldiers are known as the Khalsa. | | 2. Non-Lying- Jains must practice telling truths. This means avoiding exaggeration and falsehoods. Nonstealing- It is practicing the basic concept of not taking any possession that is not one. Items must be giving freely. This is caused by desire and wanting to inflict pain on others. | 2. Sikhs are allowed to eat meat and do not have a diet system as strict as other Hindu religions. | | 3. Rejects the belief in a creator, instead believe that the universe was created by natural forces in motion | 3. Sikhs believe that the universe was created by one God. ...
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...------------------------------------------------- University of Phoenix Material Alisha Cortez Jainism vs. Sikhism Part I Read the assigned chapters for the week and complete the following table. Be as specific as possible when identifying practices, beliefs, rituals, and historical elements. Cite sources in APA formatting. Core Beliefs | Jainism | Sikhism | | 1.Non belief of a GOD | 1. Devouted to monotheism | | 2. Sees the universe as natural forces in motion | 2.Founder of Skhism was Nanak | | 3.Practices five ethical/moral laws of nonattachment and non harm | 3.Empahsis on finding the divine within the human heart | | 4. Belief in Karma Good/Bad | 4. Belief in Karma Good/Bad | | 5. Belief in recarnation | 5. Belief in recarnatiion | Part 2 Respond to the following questions in 150 to 200 words: 1. What do you think is the most important similarity and which is the most important difference? Use specifics to support your answer. Jainism and Sikhism are different in their emphasis I think the most important similarities are Reincarnation and Salvation. Reincarnation is also known as transmigration of ones soul in common with Hinduism.. These two religions believe their souls live numerous times. They believe this is done by being reborn in different ways, such as people or animals. Their souls will move around and change until it has made it to where it will spend eternity. Both religions stress the importance of ones struggle...
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...Hinduism vs. Buddhism Teasa Wright Professor King World Religions February 1, 2014 Hinduism is about understanding Brahma or existence from within their own Atman, roughly soul, whereas Buddhism is about finding the Anatman or not soul. In Hinduism, attaining the highest life is a process of removing the bodily distractions from life, allowing one to eventually understand the Brahma nature within. In Buddhism, one follows a disciplined life to move through and understand that nothing in ourselves is ‘me’ such that we dispel the very illusion of existence. In so doing one realizes Nirvana. About 80 percent of India’s population regard themselves as Hindus and 30 million more Hindus live outside of India. There are a total of 900 million Hindus worldwide, making Hinduism the third largest religion (after Christianity and Islam). The term “Hinduism” includes numerous traditions, which are closely related and share common themes but do not constitute a unified set of beliefs or practices. Hinduism is thought to have gotten its name from the Persian word hindu, meaning “river,” used by outsiders to describe the people of the Indus River Valley. Hindus themselves refer to their religion as sanatama dharma, a word emphasizing the fulfillment of duties (dharma) appropriate to one’s class (varna) and stage of life (asrama). Hinduism has no founder or date of origin. The authors and dates of most Hindu sacred texts are unknown. Scholars describe modern Hinduism...
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...Sikhism: all people are made of the same god. Universal brotherness. Forbids exploitation of others, direct opposition of the caste system. No force unless no choice. The first Guru was Guru Nanak-founder/father of Sikhism. Came out of two prevalent religious forces of his time: Hinduism & Islam. The last Guru: Guru Gobind Singh: 10th guru bestowed the guruship forever to Sikh Holy Scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib. (11th guru: living text: Adi Granth)Guru: teachers/masters. Spiritual person or divine inner voice. Langar: Communal meal served to everyone in Gurdwara. Despite gender and caste. Gurdwara; Place of worship “the Guru’s door” 5 K’s: all outward symbols of the divine word. Kes (unshorn hair means spirituality) Kangha (wooden comb means order) Kirpan (miniature sword, meaning divine grace and order. Kara (Steel Bracelet means allegiance to the guru.) Kachh: short breeches means restraint. Role of women: More egalitarian, but still expected to conduct themselves with family. Still a patriarchal society. Women have contributions to the panth. They can seek initiation into the Kahlsa but must have male counterparts with them. Will participate in langar also. It is egalitarian (democratic, classless, unrestricted). 4 notions of guruship: Eternal guru-god as the true guru/ Personal guru- teacher is guru, channel through which the eternal guru speaks (spiritual successions), not always sons but who is worthy/ Guru Ganth- scripture as guru, scripture...
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...Religion | Origin of All Things | Nature of God | View of Human Nature | View of Good and Evil | View of “Salvation” | View of After Life | Practices and Rituals | Celebrations and Festivals | Week 2 Hinduism and Jainism | Ohm – an inert void of being and non being. From this void a desire was born to create beings. | God perceived in three ways. Brahman (residing everywhere) Antaryami (residing within) and Bhagavan (residing outside, beyond) | Karma – the moral law in which the cycle of birth-death-rebirth (reincarnation) takes place, giving opportunities to escape the limitations of life and death. | Doesn't recognize “sin” , views good and evil from the principle of karma. | Moksha – when an enlightened person is freed from the reincarnation cycle and comes into a state of completeness. | Doesn't punish or reward the souls, but reminds them of the true purpose of their existance before returning to earth to continue living. | Many practices center on fulfilling the duties associated with social position: brahmacharga (learning), grastha (worldy pursuits) vanaprastha (focus on spirithood) and sanngasu (contemplation) | Montly celbrations include: Saravati Puja, Maha Shiva Ratri, Holi, Rama Navami, Hanuman Jayanti, RathaYatra, Raksha Bandhana, Janmashtami, Ganesha Chaturthi, Durga Puja, Dussehra, Diwali | Week 3 Buddhism | Doesn't believe in a beginning, says the origin of all things is inconceivable...
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...course of the arts of India, and consequently, the rest of Asia. Arts refer to paintings, architecture, literature, music, dance, languages and cinema. In early India, most of the arts were derived Vedic influences. After the birth of contemporary Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism arts flourished under the patronage of kings and emperors. The coming of Islam spawned a whole new era of Indian architecture and art. Finally the British brought their own Gothic and Roman influences and fused it with the Indian style. They have a culture infusion in their art. Contents [hide] 1 Architecture 2 Literature 3 Music 4 Dance 5 Sculpture 6 Painting 7 Cinema 8 Radio 9 Television 9.1 Major events 9.2 Professional events 9.3 Amateur events 10 References 11 External links Architecture[edit] Main article: Architecture of India This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (October 2009) Indian architecture is that vast tapestry of production of the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a multitude of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to the sub-continent, sometimes destroying, but most of the time absorbing. The result is an evolving range of architectural production that nonetheless...
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...Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E. Major Developments 1. Locating world history in the environment and time 1. Environment 1. Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean...
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...Human Right Violations of Homosexuals Amit Kumar Anand Rohit Maheshwari Dr. Munmun Jha(Guide) IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India Abstract This paper addresses the plight of homosexual rights.Historically,homosexuals have not only been treated as social outcasts but also their legal right to equality has been denied.We have made an attempt to portray homosexuality as an alternate way of life rather than perversion or a crime. 2 Historical Background Homo erotic practices were widely present, and integrated into the religion, education, philosophy and military cultures of various societies and also condemned by many. 1 Introduction 2.1 Ancient history Homosexuality is defined as sexual orientation characterized by aesthetic attraction, romantic love, and sexual desire exclusively for members of the same sex or gender identity. The potential for homosexual behavior appears to be a basic part of human sexuality, since many people experience homosexual interest, curiosity, or activity at some point in their lives. Homosexual behavior has also been observed in most animal species. Many homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, in the case of women, lesbian because of the exclusively sexual connotation of homosexual. When individuals engage in both heterosexual and homosexual behaviors, they are said to be bi-sexual. The practices associated with the erotic attraction of people to one’s own gender have been around since the dawn of humanity. Homosexuality, one...
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...Pharmaceutical Cluster in Andhra Pradesh Microeconomics of Competitiveness Final Project Harvard Business School Helene Herve | Lhakpa Bhuti | Saurabh Agarwal | Sonny Kushwaha | Akbar Causer May 2013 Table of Contents 1 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction to India ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 2.2 History and Political Climate ....................................................................................................... 5 Competitive Positioning of India ................................................................................................. 6 Endowments .......................................................................................................................... 6 Economic Performance To-Date and Macroeconomic Policy.............................................. 7 Summary of Export Clusters ................................................................................................. 9 Social Infrastructure and Political Institutions.................................................................... 10 India Diamond .................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 3 3.1 Andhra Pradesh .............................
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...GIVING VOICE TO VALUES (What would I say and do if I were going to act on my values) Description 1 Value Clarification: What is a value? Exercises to reveal values. Value Formation. (Please use the exercises in the attached notes, or anything else you can find in books on values) 4 2 Comparative Religions: Inter-religious sensitivity, understanding and common action to build a world on shared values. Breaking through stereotypes. Communalism and Building community. (Video presentation on 3 religions: Hinduism, Islam and Christianity- Arnold Toynebee. After viewing a video programme on each religion, please get a group of 5 students to share on the meaning they get from their religions. Clarifications from the rest of the class are welcome. No discussions. A session on communalism and community building could follow. Talk by Ram Puniyani on communalism. 10 3 Corruption as a way of life: Case studies e.g. CWG, Adarsh and 2G. Attempt to analyse the causes. Don’t get stuck on description. Then try and discuss strategies to avoid corruption. RTI. Civil Society groups. Other strategies to bring accountability and transparency. 4 4 Violence and Conflict Resolution: Input from Kishu Daswani – conflict resolution at the individual level 5 5 Attraction to substance abuse: Resources from Linda. Film: My brother Nikhil, Portrait of an addict. 2 6 The Problem of Evil: Video: God in the dock. A discussion following the film is useful 2 7 Prayer Communal and Personal: Video: Seven...
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...The International Journal of Organizational Analysis 1997, Vol. 5, No. 2 (April), pp. 156-179 GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera West Texas A&M University India's emergence in the international business arena presents challenges to Western-trained expatriate managers assigned there. These expatriates are familiar with management theories and practices based on value orientations very different from those in India. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientations Framework is used to provide an overview of the different types of cultural values an expatriate manager will confront in Indian society. The impact of Indian values on various management practices, including team composition, leadership, motivation, and human resource management functions is also discussed It is hoped that this examination of the dominant value orientations of Indian employees will facilitate the successful transfer of Western expatriates to India. Over the last two decades, the Pacific Rim countries of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Southeast Asian countries of Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore have achieved tremendous economic success (Adler, 1994; Foster, 1995). A relative newcomer to this group of countries is India, which is emerging as an industrial power to be reckoned with. As a consequence of the free market reforms and economic liberalization programs pursued by the Narasimha Rao administration...
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...The International Journal of Organizational Analysis GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera Article information: Downloaded by UNIVERSITY OF EXETER At 06:38 24 October 2015 (PT) To cite this document: Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera, (1997),"GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS", The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 5 Iss 2 pp. 156 - 179 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028866 Downloaded on: 24 October 2015, At: 06:38 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1038 times since 2006* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Saikat Banerjee, (2008),"Dimensions of Indian culture, core cultural values and marketing implications: An analysis", Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15 Iss 4 pp. 367-378 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600810914157 Colin M. Fisher, Raj Shirolé, Ashutosh P. Bhupatkar, (2001),"Ethical stances in Indian management culture", Personnel Review, Vol. 30 Iss 6 pp. 694-711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005981 Nitish Singh, Hongxin Zhao, Xiaorui Hu, (2005),"Analyzing the cultural content of web sites: A crossnational comparision of China, India, Japan, and US", International Marketing Review...
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...ISBN: 9780992642600 For my darling sister, Pero. I love you dearly. No matter what you want, it’s yours. Beyond money and weapons. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Book One: Understanding Mainstream and Organised Religion.............................................................. 5 Christianity ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Islam ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Hinduism.............................................................................................................................................. 12 Buddhism ........................................................................................................................................... 155 Chinese traditional religions ................................................................................................................ 18 African traditional religions (& African diasporic religions) .............................................................. 21 Sikhism ................................................................................................................................................ 24...
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...Globalization Note Series Pankaj Ghemawat and Sebastian Reiche National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business The eminent Dutch psychologist, management researcher, and culture expert Geert Hofstede, early in his career, interviewed unsuccessfully for an engineering job with an American company. Later, he wrote of typical cross-cultural misunderstandings that crop up when American managers interview Dutch recruits and vice versa: “American applicants, to Dutch eyes, oversell themselves. Their CVs are worded in superlatives…during the interview they try to behave assertively, promising things they are very unlikely to realize…Dutch applicants in American eyes undersell themselves. They write modest and usually short CVs, counting on the interviewer to find out by asking how good they really are…they are very careful not to be seen as braggarts and not to make promises they are not absolutely sure they can fulfill. American interviewers know how to interpret American CVs and interviews and they tend to discount the information provided. Dutch interviewers, accustomed to Dutch applicants, tend to upgrade the information. To an uninitiated American interviewer an uninitiated Dutch applicant comes across as a sucker. To an uninitiated Dutch interviewer an uninitiated American applicant comes across as a braggart.”1 Cultural differences, while difficult to observe and measure, are obviously very important. Failure to appreciate and account for them can lead to embarrassing...
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