...Introduction When one thinks about the historical developments in nursing research and research utilization, the statement is indeed true… that nursing has evolutionalized. This brief journey into historical research has been described by LoBiondo – Wood and Haber (1998) as ‘the systematic compilation of data, resulting from evaluation and interpretation of facts regarding people, events and occurrences of the past’ History is where we come from, who we are, and where we are going. History may not always repeat itself exactly, but knowledge of history can serve as a guide to avoiding pitfalls or mistakes similar to those in the past (Rees and Howell, 1999) Developments covered will include the work of Florence Nightingale, the development of the Nursing Science Journal and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the identification and development of the first nursing diagnosis conference and the development of the Healthy People 2010. Florence Nightingale is best known as the person who founded modern nursing. She chose nursing despite the disapproval of her family. Her choice to rebel against the traditional woman’s role as a wife and mother helped her as she started her initial research role by focusing on the patient’s physical and mental wellbeing and promoting a healthy environment. She is noted for her collection and analysis of soldier morbidity and mortality data during the Crimean War. The research enabled her to change the attitudes of the military and...
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...Historical Development Response Christina Najar CJS/200 William Patton 05/18/2012 Historical Development Response In the United States people have held individuals accountable for their actions throughout history. It may have been by hanging individuals that were found guilty or some other type of punishment for the crime that seemed suitable for their actions. In today’s society the justice system does not condone to hangings and blood baths, the justice system today relies on a dual court system, the state court and the federal court. These courts decide guilt or innocence and impose sentences on the convicted. There are different levels in the United States court system and they all dispense justice and help ensure that officials in the justice system work within the law when carrying out their duties (Schmalleger, 2011). The dual court system is a result of a general agreement among the nation’s founders about the need for individual states to retain significant legislative authority and judicial autonomy separate from federal control (Schmalleger, 2011). The original American colonies each had its own system for resolving disputes. In 1629, Massachusetts Bay Colony created a General court, a governor, deputy, 18 assistants and 118 elected officials. The laws were made by legislature and the court. As the colonies grew throughout time so did the court system and by 1776 the colonies established a full functioning court system. The state court systems...
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...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition...
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...The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Alexandra Winter December 7, 2013 The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept...
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...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing is - “collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of disease, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles” (International Council of Nurses, 2014). Florence Nightingale is considered to be the most influential person in nursing. Not only did Nightingale played an essential role in reforming nursing at the time but also laid the foundation for nursing as a profession. Prior to F. Nightingale in development of mankind, nursing has been linked to traditions of caring (Egenes, 2009). Nursing originated from intuitive approach to treat the sick and it was based on instinctive actions rather than formal education. The role of caregivers was typically assigned to women for their nurturing and caring ways to take care of their children, and was believed that they could be nurturing to others (Potter, 2013). Early development of medicine and nursing as we know started in pre-biblical times with Egyptians who have mastered the art of embalming the bodies dating as far as 4000 B.C., to Indians who were able to describe disease types and developed a process of disease diagnosis...
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...Preliminary Course Assessable Task 1 By Edward Hawkins 09.04.13 Title Page | p. 1 | Part A: Historical Developments * Materials * Transport * Tool-Making * Chemical Knowledge * Communication Knowledge * ElectricityPart B: Electric Motors: * Diagram: DC motor * Rotating Magnetic Fields in an Electric Motor | p. 3 | | p. 3 | | p. 3 | | p. 4 | | p. 5 | | p. 6 | | p. 7 | | p. 8 | | p. 8 | | p. 8 | Bibliography | p. 9 | Table of Contents Part A: Historical Developments Materials: Salvinia Molesta Mimic Salvinia Molesta hairs Salvinia Molesta hairs The Brazilian fern Salvinia molesta has proliferated around the Americas and Australia in part because its surface is dotted with oddly shaped hairs that trap air, reduce friction, and help the plant stay afloat. In the November 1 issue of the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Ohio State University engineers describe how they recreated the texture, which resembles a carpet of tiny eggbeater-shaped fibers. In nature, air pockets trapped at the base of Salvinia's hairs reduce friction in the water and help the plant float, while a sticky region at the tips of the eggbeaters clings lightly to the water, providing stability. In tests, the coating performed just as the Salvinia hairs do, the bases of the hairs were hydrophobic, while the tips of the hairs were hydrophilic and so water droplets did not penetrate between the hairs, but instead clung to the tops of the eggbeater...
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...HRM ASSESSMENT HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HR Question 1 Personnel management started to manifest near the end of the 19th century, that was when welfare officers, or as they were sometimes referred to as welfare secretaries, were created. Welfare officers were mostly women, who were only concerned with the protection of women and girls, and their creation was a result of the conditions of the workplace, the stress that was being put on workers due to the expansion of the business's franchise and as their role grew the aim of moral protection for women and children was challenged by a need for higher output by the employers. Personnel management was pushed forward by WW1 due to women being recruited in high numbers to do the jobs of men that had left for war, which meant there had to be negotiations with the trade union about upping their employee levels to counter act the problem that their new hired workforce was unskilled at the job they were placed in and during that time personnel was being pushed forward by government schemes to get the most out of their employees. By 1916 it became mandatory to have a welfare officer in factories that manufactured explosives and was encouraged for munitions factories to have a welfare officer, at this time there was over 1,300 welfare officers. It was only until the WW2 that welfare and personnel workers were brought on at full-time at all locations that were manufacturing war materials because the Ministry of Labour and National...
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...There are two major schools of skepticism called as Academic and The Pyrrhonian . They are originated in ancient Greek philosophy. Academic skepticism derives its name from the Plato’s Academy which was highly inspired by the remark attributed to Socrates,” All I know that I know nothing” . As said by Arcesilas (c.315-241 B.C.) and Carneades (c.213-129 B.C.) , This skepticism maintains that nothing can be known for certain. The standard greek perception between knowledge which means episteme and opinion which means doxa. If a proposition cannot be shown with the complete certainty which can also mean it might be false and it does not qualify as a true knowledge which is consign to the status of opinion. As per the academic skepticism both our senses and our reasons which are unreliable to some extinct so that we can never claim ti know the absolute truth or any real knowledge. The pyrrhonian skepticism is named after Pyrrho of Elis (c.360 -275 B.C) which is a figure who is portrayed in secondary accounts as a complete skeptic eminently in the ethical manners. The mental misery and misfortune comes from seeking knowledge in the field of values therefore Pyrrho is said to have suspended judgement, thereby attaining the state of mind known to Greek Philosophers as “ATARAXIA”. Pyrrohonian skepticism which was known as distinct theory by Aenesidemus (c.100-40 B.C.). It was Aenesidemus who “assumed” and “doubters”. The two major school academic and pyrrhonian skeptics besieged...
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...* 1. Subtopics could be like various forms of it, long term effects on the victim, punishments and sentences, and then you could round off with the fact that paedophiles can sometimes get less of a sentence than those who steal bread to eat. what a system we have. 2. Exclusive pedophiles are attracted only to children. Non-exclusive pedophiles are attracted to children and adults. Child-oriented pedophiles actually care about the children. Self-oriented pedophiles simply use the children for sexual gratification. You might want to cover the consequences of childhood sexual trauma, not least of which is dissociative identity disorder (D. I. D.), formerly known as multiple personality disorder (M. P. D.). 3. That sounds like an interesting paper. I would probably focus less on causes and more on treatment for pedophilia. Because the causes are arguable (although I just read about a study that came out last week saying there is a genetic component to pedophilia), I think focusing on the treatment and healing process for pedophiles and sex offenders is much more interesting. We already know many environmental factors that contribute to adults "becoming" pedophiles, such as prior sexual abuse as a child, certain mental illnesses (attachment disorders and personality disorders), and other history of abuse. I bought a book recently which might help you, if you have time to go pick it up. I bought it at Barnes and Noble or Borders, I forget... It's a quick read...
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...* * * * * * * Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper * Stacey Simmons * NUR/513 * February 3, 2014 Rebecca Gesler Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper The historical development of nursing science began with Florence Nightingale’s influential Notes on Nursing. The science of nursing has grown and developed into an academically sound and proven study of nursing care. In the 150 years following Florence Nightingale’s innovative approach to nursing care, many influential nursing theorists have emerged. This paper will discuss the Florence Nightingale, the pioneer theorists from the 1950’s, the transitional theorists from the 1960’s, and the research theorists from the 1990’s. The Historical Development of Nursing Science and Theory Nursing science and theory began with Florence Nightengale’s Notes on Nursing. Florence Nightingale is remembered for building the foundations of modern nursing establishing nursing as a profession. “Her book, Notes on Nursing (Nightingale 1859) first published in 1859, was the first nursing text book. She wrote the first modern nursing curriculum for St Thomas's Hospital, London when she instituted nurse education there in 1860 and followed these with a number of other books, reports and pamphlets. (Stanley, D., 2007). However, it would be decades before her insights, observations and educational model would be acknowledged...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In order to fully study the historical development of nursing we need to study all aspects of nursing science throughout time, explain the relationships between nursing science and our profession, as well as influences of other disciplines on the development of nursing. Time Line Specific Years, Theories, Theorists, and Nursing Historical Events Prior to the 17th century. Prior to the 17th century to the 19th century, nursing care included basic hygiene, and primarily comfort needs. These were carried out by Nuns, and other religious groups (Craven & Hirnle, 2003). Nursing could possibly be the oldest profession. It started with wet nurses, who delivered babies, cared for them and their mothers (Weatherford, 2014). 19th century. Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory. During the Crimean War she noticed more soldiers died of disease then of battlefield injuries. Through research she believed that dirt, and lack of cleanliness led to diseases. She instituted...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Blesilda Galsim NUR/513 March 6, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D.,R.N. Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Introduction The evolution of nursing as a profession had showed through time that it is both an art and science. Before the 19th century, the military and religious orders are the ones who perform the duties of how nurses work today. As time went by, different events throughout history such as wars and epidemics had shaped nursing to its present organization. Nowadays, nursing is pushing further towards the future in improving itself as a profession for better care and service to the community. The objective of this paper is to discuss the historical development of nursing timeline, relationship of nursing science on the profession and influences nursing science has on other disciplines. Historical Development Nursing as an organized discipline, made its first significant impact during the Crimean War in 1853. Florence Nightingale considered as the founder of nursing, created the initial model on nursing science. Her theory became the initial foundation and cornerstone in nursing. Her main goal is on changing the environment to facilitate care, nourishment, and recovery. Her views suggested that nursing is about not only giving medicines and about treatment, but environmental factors are also vital in directly affecting one’s health status. In 1952, Hildegard Peplau described...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline With this paper the focus was on the authors focus on important nursing events from a historical perspective. In the early beginnings of nursing, religion played an important role since religious servants often provided healthcare services to the local communities. Nightingale obtained her education in Germany with Deaconess in Kaiserswerth (Gustafsson & Engström, 2011). The Deaconess movement founded several nursing schools and hospitals in the US at the same time as the Nightingale movement was established Roux & Halstead, 2009. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale the founder of modern nursing started her nursing career in 1850s after obtaining education in Germany. In 1854 was back in England working at a small hospital. During this time Crimea war was ongoing and “Nightingale was appalled to learn that the mortality rate for British troops was 41 percent” (Roux & Halstead, 2009, pg.5). Nightingale went to the war as a nurse, and the rest is history. After the war, the Nightingale school of nursing was established. ‘Emphasis was placed on the proper education of the nurse, rather than on the needs of the hospital (Roux & Halstead, 2009, pg.6). Nightingale published Notes on Nursing in 1859 (Gustafsson & Engström, 2011) that established the foundation of the nightingale theory and foundation of what we call nursing...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Lou Pardo NUR/513 July 18, 2014 Jeanine Maine Historical Development of Nursing Timeline History can be defined as a study of events that link the past to the present. It also examines how those events have continued to impact and influence events throughout time. The nursing profession is intricately tied to historical influences throughout the ages. Exploring and understanding the history of nursing allows one to achieve an appreciation the role nursing has played in the advancement of the healthcare system. Ninetieth Century Florence Nightingale, conceivably the most famous nurse in history; was well known for making nursing a reputable profession for women, and bringing it to the forefront of the professional world. Wars were increasing during the ninetieth century, and as a result, the demand for nurses had grown exponentially (Nursing Theory, 2013). In 1854, the Crimean War erupted. Nightingale had learned the British troops had no nurses to care for their injured troops while the French had nursing nuns caring for their injured. Nightingale, with a group of nurses, served in the Crimean War by organizing hospitals to help improve the general conditions of the facilities. “In fact, most British soldiers were dying from disease rather than from injuries incurred on the battlefield” (Egenes, n.d.). Nightingale set out on a crusade to methodically scrub the soldiers’ barracks and hospital ward, and allow fresh air in. The...
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