Julia A. R. Morgan
History CHC 2D, Period 2
Mr. R. Tait
By
Julia A. R. Morgan
History CHC 2D, Period 2
Mr. R. Tait
By
THE ART’S IN CANADA: Through the Years.
THE ART’S IN CANADA: Through the Years.

Table OF Contents: * (Pg. 2-3) WWI: 1914 – 1918 * Pg. 2; John McCrae * Pg. 3; Tom Thomson * (Pg. 4-5) 1920’s – 1930’s Canadian Art * Pg. 4; The Group of Seven * Pg. 5; Emily Carr * (Pg. 6) WWII: 1939 – 1945 * Molly Lamb Bobak * (Pg. 7) Post-War Canadian Art: 1945 – 1969; * The Painters Eleven * (Pg. 8-10) Modern Canadian Art: 1970’s – Current Day; * (Pg. 8) Alex Colville * (Pg. 9) Robert Bateman * (Pg. 10) Joy Kogawa * (Pg. 11) Thesis Statement Conclusion * (Pg. 12) Bibliography * (Pg. 13) Citations (Notes)
A Little Introduction note from your student: http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/res5e_ch10_s1-0007.html The above is the Website I used to help me a little bit with understanding Citations. (I attempted utilizing Chicago Style.)
Some of the paragraphs in my report have been reworded and rephrased to my satisfaction, and others have not. These are the ones with Citation.
Please enjoy; this is something I am extremely proud of: I LOVE ART!

CANADIAN ART DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: John McCrae
Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae MD, Born the 30th of November, 1872 in Guelph Ontario, was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during WWI, and a surgeon during the Second Battle of Ypres, in Belgium. McCrae is best known for his world renounced poem, In Flanders Fields, which he supposedly began to draft for on the evening of the May 2nd, 1915, in the second week of fighting during the Second Battle of Ypres. During 1915 John McCrae sent this poem to The Spectator magazine. It was not published and was returned to him. It was, however, published in Punch magazine on December 8th, 1915. He later published it himself again, in 1917.
It is believed that the death of his friend, Alexis Helmer, was the inspiration for McCrae's poem ‘In Flanders Fields’. The exact details of when the first draft was written may never be known because there are various accounts by those who were with McCrae at that time.
Besides many choral arrangements of his poem, there is also a book including his own, and some of Wilfred Owen’s works, titled, In Flanders Fields, and Other Poems about War, which was published by Sound Room Publishing, July 1st, 2003.
In conclusion, the Remembrance poppy has been used since 1921 to commemorate soldiers who have died in war. But why? The answer is in this man’s poem. The reason we wear a Poppy each Remembrance Day, is all thanks to John McCrae.

In Flanders Fields, the poppies blow. R.I.P: 18∙01∙1918
Tom Thomson Thomas John "Tom" Thomson, Born the 5th of August, 1877 in Claremont Ontario, was an influential Canadian artist of the early 20th century. He directly influenced a group of Canadian painters that would come to be known as the Group of Seven, and though he died before the group formed, he is sometimes incorrectly credited as being a member of the group itself.
Thomson signed up for the 2nd Boer War in 1899, but was refused for an unknown medical condition. This was the same reason he was refused entry for service in the First World War as part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. He is one of the few Canadian artists from the early 20th century known to a wide national audience. His reputation is deserved. Despite his extremely brief period of work—he painted for less than six years—he sowed the seeds of perhaps the first real movement in art in this country, defined as it was by a passionate connection to the northern wilderness and drawn by Thomson with keen perception and an ingenuous style. Some of his more popular pieces include The Jack Pine, Forest Undergrowth, and April in Algonquin Park, just to name a few.
The West Wind, Tom Thomson.
The West Wind, Tom Thomson.
Thomson died on July 8th, 1917, during a hiking and canoeing trip in Algonquin Park. His body was found floating offshore eight days later. The official report of his death said it was an accidental drowning. However, there are different theories and questions about how Thomson actually died.
In September of 1917, several artists along with some area residents put up a memorial monument at the location where Thomson had died. Since his death, the artist’s work has increased in popularity. In 2002, the National Gallery of Canada held an exhibit for his work. They regarded him as a great Canadian artist with the same level of prominence as the likes of Picasso.

ART DURING THE TWENTIES & THIRTIES: The Group of Seven
The Group of Seven, also known as the Algonquin School, was a group of Canadian landscape painters from 1920 to 1933. The group originally consisted of Franklin Carmichael (1890–1945), Lawren Harris (1885–1970), A. Y. Jackson (1882–1974), Frank Johnston (1888–1949), Arthur Lismer (1885–1969), J. E. H. MacDonald (1873–1932), and Frederick Varley (1881–1969). Later, A. J. Casson (1898–1992) was invited to join in 1926; Edwin Holgate (1892–1977) became a member in 1930; and LeMoine FitzGerald (1890–1956) joined in 1932.
Two artists commonly associated with the group are Tom Thomson (1877–1917) and Emily Carr (1871–1945). Although he died before its official formation, Thomson had a significant influence on the group. In his essay "The Story of the Group of Seven", Lawren Harris wrote that Thomson was "a part of the movement before we pinned a label on it"; Thomson's paintings "The West Wind" and "The Jack Pine" are two of the group's most iconic pieces. Emily Carr was also closely associated with the Group of Seven, though was never an official member.
Believing that a distinct Canadian art could be developed through direct contact with nature, The Group of Seven is most famous for its paintings inspired by the Canadian landscape, and initiated the first major Canadian national art movement. The Group was succeeded by the Canadian Group of Painters in the 1930s, which did include female members.
Stormy Weather, Fred Varley.
Stormy Weather, Fred Varley.
The Red Maple, A. Y. Jackson.
The Red Maple, A. Y. Jackson.

Emily Carr
Emily Carr, Born the 13th of December, 1871, in Victoria B.C, was a Canadian artist and writer heavily inspired by the Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Carr was an independent woman and a Westerner who gained prominence at a time when Western Canadians and women artists were not recognized internationally.
Carr lived in a time when opportunities for women were limited and her trips into the forest were seen as somewhat eccentric and inappropriate by her peers. She nevertheless gained a significant reputation, as a painter, writer, potter, illustrator, and textile artist and was a cultural pioneer in Victoria where she lived for many years. To this day her work is widely collected by museums and private individuals.
During her lifetime, her art was exhibited not only in Canada, but in the United States and Europe. She is valued as an important part of Canadian art history and her art is exhibited and enjoyed around the world. Carr continues to be viewed as an environmentalist who painted insightful, prophetic images of both lush forests and clear-cut mountainsides; as a person deeply aware and respectful of the cultural diversity of the Canadian Northwest, who understood and promoted the intrinsic value in the native Northwest coast peoples and their art; and as a nationalist with a profound love of her country, its natural beauty and power, and the pioneering spirit that continues to shape it today.

The Raven, Emily Carr.
The Raven, Emily Carr.

CANADIAN ART DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR: Molly Lamb Bobak
Molly Bobak C.M O.N.B (née Lamb), Born the 25th of February, 1922 in Vancouver B.C, was a Canadian teacher, writer, printmaker and painter working in oils and watercolours. During WWII, she was the first Canadian female artist to be sent overseas to document Canada's war effort, and in particular, the work of the Canadian Women's Army Corps (C.W.A.C). Molly enlisted in 1942, and stayed a member for four years. Canteen, Nijmegen, Molly Lamb Bobak. Canteen, Nijmegen, Molly Lamb Bobak. Posted around the country and then overseas, she recorded the day-to-day, ordinary activities of the Canadian Women's Army Corps.
As a war artist, Molly painted what she saw in war-ravaged Europe. These talented artists are gifted with an ability to draw out the emotion of a scene in a way that a photo cannot achieve. It is through this ability that they can contribute to the memory of war by capturing the mood of the soldiers, of the citizens caught in conflict, and of our country.
Molly passed away March 2nd, 2014. Molly represents the end of an era; there were 32 official war artists in World War II, and she was the last surviving member. She will not be forgotten.
Army Drill, Molly Lamb Bobak.
Army Drill, Molly Lamb Bobak.

ART DURING THE FIFTIES & SIXTIES:
The Painters Eleven
In 1953, eleven abstract painters from Ontario — Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Tom Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, Jock Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town and Walter Yarwood — dubbed themselves Painters Eleven and held their first exhibition at the Roberts Gallery in Toronto in 1954. The photo to the left was taken by Peter Croydon for a show in 1957 at the Park Gallery in Toronto. In the photo you’ll notice members posing around three canvases. There is a reason for this: The two canvases facing forward represent Oscar Cahen who tragically died in a car crash in 1956 and the canvases facing the wall are for William Ronald who had resigned from the group in 1957 and was now working in New York. The group disbanded in 1960, and all the surviving members went on to continue their careers and remain true to abstraction.
Lilt of Songs, Jock MacDonald.
Lilt of Songs, Jock MacDonald.

Storm, William Ronald.
Storm, William Ronald.

MODERN CANADIAN ART: Alex Colville David Alexander (Alex) Colville, born the 24th of August, 1920, in Toronto Ontario, was a Canadian artist who painted realism. Painter, draughtsman, engraver and muralist, Alex Colville always remained aloof from the formal trends that characterized the 20th century. Drawing his inspiration from the world around him, from the most repetitive gestures of everyday life, he placed his unsettling juxtapositions of figures, objects and animals in an ambiguous atmosphere of distinct tranquility, as though time were suspended. His compositions are constructed according to a precise geometry and executed with a technique that consists of minuscule dabs of paint applied meticulously dot by dot.
While much of the art world turned to abstract art, Colville remained true to his own style: realism. He steadily rose to the top of art world through the 1960s, ’70s and ’80s, exhibiting across Canada, Europe and Asia. His paintings and prints inspired constant debate and controversy. Some critics hailed him as “the most important realist painter of the Western world” and “the best Canadian artist of his time.”
Over his long career, Colville's fame grew and he received many honours. Major retrospectives of his work were held at the Art Gallery of Ontario in 1983 and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 1994. He was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1982, and won a Governor General's Visual and Media Arts Award in 2003.
Horse and Train, Alex Colville.
Horse and Train, Alex Colville.
Colville passed away on the 16th of July, 2013. More than 100 of his works were presented at the AGO from August 23rd, 2014, to January 4th 2014, marking the largest exhibition of the late artist’s work to date. The exhibition honoured Colville’s legacy and explored the continuing impact of his work from the perspectives of several prominent popular culture figures from film, literature and music. Colville will always have a special place in our hearts.

Robert Bateman
Robert Bateman, Born the 24th of May, 1930, in Toronto Ontario, is a Canadian artist known for his paintings of naturalism. Bateman was always interested in art, but never intended to make a living from it. He was fascinated by the natural world in his childhood; he recorded the sightings of all of the birds in the area of his house in Toronto. He found inspiration from the Group of Seven; he was also interested in making abstract paintings of nature. It was not until the mid-1960s that he changed to his present style, realism.
In 1954, he graduated with a degree in geography from Victoria College in the University of Toronto. Afterwards, he attended Ontario College of Education. Although the stage was set for an expert wildlife artist, Bateman moved on to be a high school art/geography teacher. However, he still painted in his free time. It wasn’t until the 1970s and 1980s that his work started to receive major recognition. Robert Bateman's show in 1987, at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, drew a large crowd for a living artist.

Prothonotary Warbler, Robert Bateman.
Prothonotary Warbler, Robert Bateman.

Joy Kogawa
Joy Nozomi Kogawa, Born the 6th of June, 1935, in Vancouver B.C, is a Canadian poet and novelist of Japanese descent. Kogawa was sent with her family to the internment camp for Japanese Canadians at Slocan during World War II.
Although the majority of her writing is poetry, Kogawa's best-known work is Obasan (1981), a semi-autobiographical novel.
In 1986, Kogawa was made a Member of the Order of Canada; in 2006, she was made a Member of the Order of British Columbia.
In 2010, the Japanese government honored Kogawa with the Order of the Rising Sun "for her contribution to the understanding and preservation of Japanese Canadian history."
From 1983 to 1985, she worked with the National Association of Japanese Canadians to help those Japanese Canadians who had lost their land and possessions under the War Measures Act in 1942.
A book of her selected poems, A Garden of Anchors, was published in 2003.
Kogawa has won awards for her book Obasan, including the Books in Canada, First Novel Award, the Canadian Authors Association, Book of the Year Award, the Periodical Distributors of Canada's, Best Paperback Fiction Award, and The American Book Award of the Before Columbus Foundation.

Canada: More than just Hockey.
Most people around the world know only of stereotypes pointed towards Canadians. 1. Being the most common, is that we live in igloos. 2. Is that the only thing we care about more than anything, is hockey. This, obviously, is wrong!
We are so much more than this, and, quite frankly, a lot of famous people are Canadian, eh?
Canada has a lot of Cultural Diversity, and same-sex marriage is legal in all Provinces and Territories. We have immense women’s rights, and we’re known for being a Liberal country. That’s pretty freaking awesome, if you ask me.
But what most people don’t know is how many creative and talented souls have been born here in Canada. Thanks to our diversifying landscapes and landmarks throughout the provinces and territories, there are tons of (Famous) Canadians who have been inspired to capture our Country’s beauty and magnificence. Whether it be painting, sketching, writing, sculpting, or taking pictures, if there’s anything we Canadians could possibly love more than sports; it’s the Arts.

Bibliography * Kogawa, Joy. Obasan. Published by Penguin Canada, March 1st, 1983. ISBN 9780140067774 * MacGregor, Roy. Northern Light: The Enduring Mystery of Tom Thomson, and the Woman who loved Him. Vintage Canada Edition, 2011. ISBN 9780307357403. * McCrae, John; Owen, Wilfred; In Flanders Fields and Other Poems About War, Published by Sound Room Pub, July 1st, 2003. ISBN 9781584725800. * http://www.greatwar.co.uk/poems/john-mccrae-in-flanders-fields-inspiration.htm * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCrae#cite_note-peddie-1 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remembrance_poppy * http://totallyhistory.com/tom-thomson/ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Thomson * http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2003/09/thom-s16.html * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Seven_%28artists%29 * http://www.groupofsevenart.com/ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Carr * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_official_war_artists * http://liberalsenateforum.ca/hansard/the-late-molly-lamb-bobak-c-m-o-n-b/ * http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/canvas/2/cwe257e.shtml * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Bobak * http://www.gallery78.com/mlbobak.htm * http://www.canadaatwar.ca/forums/showthread.php?t=2486 * http://www.painters-eleven.com/ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painters_Eleven * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Colville * http://www.alexcolville.ca/ * http://www.welcometocolville.ca/the-artist * http://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=1087 * http://www.ago.net/alex-colville * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy_Kogawa * http://www.joykogawa.ca/ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bateman_(painter)

Notes
Citations