...2015 Richard Samante Prof. Martinez 2015 Richard Samante Prof. Martinez Juvenile Delinquency in Manila Juvenile Delinquency in Manila CR-21 CR-21 CHAPTER I Introduction A. Background of the study Delinquents is from the legislatic point of view the minors committing criminal act are not called criminals but delinquents. The persons under eighteen who commit violations of law are called delinquents. The penal codes of almost all the civilized nations make special provisions for the treatment of delinquents in law courts. There is a consensus among criminologists that delinquents should be reformed rather than punished. Earlier, it was mentioned that, throughout most of the world, juvenile offending has been recognized for hundreds of years. It would be logical to wonder exactly how juvenile offenders in historical times were handled. For one thing, as indicated earlier, there were, however, juvenile institutions and other procedures for handling juveniles that were created in America during the 19th (Roseheim et al. 2002). Historical accounts of the development of the juvenile justice system throughout the world indicate that before separate institutions and proceedings for juveniles were established in the 19th, juveniles were often treated as if they were small adults. Even children of royal families in England, for example, were exposed to adult situations, such as sexual activity among adults, and were thought to be ready for adult roles in society if they...
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...juveniles who commit an act that would be a crime if they were an adult are considered juvenile delinquents. Many states give original jurisdiction to adult court for certain serious crimes while other states let the district attorney decide where the case will be tried for these serious crimes. New york state, under the Juvenile Offender law, gives the adult criminal court original jurisdiciton for murder at age 13 and for serious felonies for ages 14-15. The age at while a youth goes to an adult or juvenile court varies from state to state Juveniles can be referred to the juvenile justice system for reasons other than adult criminal offenses. These are often referred to as status offenses. I.E. failure to attend school under the age of 16, running away from home, under-age drinking, incorrigibility and being outside the home during curfew hours. Incorrigibility usually refers to juveniles having a pattern of not obeying parents or guardians and may include insulting and demeaning behavior in relation to their parents or guardians Mediation is a process where the juvenile and the people complaining about the juveniles behavior resolve their problems to everyones satisfaction with the help of a third party called a mediator. The police do an investigation, an attorney a.k.a a law guardian, would be appointed by the court, A probation officer would interview the youth, juvenile would appear in court to agree or deny the facts, could be adjudicated or institutionalized...
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...Future of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offers solutions for the future. A justification of the system is also offered based on the histories, trends and causation theories. Community Involvement Community involvement is an important aspect of the juvenile justice system. Police form communities ties through their involvement and contact with those in the community. Juvenile attitudes and perceptions of police are based on several issues. Weakened community ties, fear of crime, and higher levels of strain contribute and create negative juvenile attitudes towards law enforcement. Individuals that do not have contact with the police tend to have the highest perception of law enforcement. In an analysis of juvenile attitudes, it was found that juveniles that had contact with police through prevention programs had similar attitudes towards the police as those that had no contact with law enforcement (Brick, Taylor, & Esbensen, 2009, p. 493). Adjudicated youth with disabilities transitioning back into the community are also...
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...Obviously something is going on in today’s society if more and more children are committing delinquent crimes. Sometimes a researcher has to get to what he or she thinks is the root of the problem to figure out what spawns a certain issue. What provokes a child to become delinquent and what makes the child gravitate so easily towards this lifestyle? It is necessary to explore how family life influences juvenile delinquency. Juveniles are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is little structure provided for them in their families. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent. Literature reviews, focused on the relationship between child abuse and juvenile delinquency, indicate that juvenile delinquents are often products of families that consciously or unconsciously neglect their childhood needs. Corporal punishment by parents often leads to overt and aggressive misbehavior. Neglect and extreme punishment can cause children to become rebellious adolescents who use misbehavior to "pay back" the family. Childhood abuse and neglect has been linked to a number of other adolescent problems. Compared with non maltreated matched control groups, abused or neglected children are significantly more likely to engage in violent behavior, become pregnant during adolescence, use drugs, have lower GPAs, and/or experience mental health problems...
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...Juvenile Crime Ephrem Larry CJS/200 01/12/14 William Patton In this essay I am going to address the differences between juvenile court and adult court. I am also going to talk about the definitions of delinquency and status offenses. I will briefly describe the variables that correlate to the juvenile crime rate and make recommendations for reducing juvenile crime. There are several differences between juvenile court and adult court. “According to the Department of Juvenile Services (2014) History of Juvenile Justice in the United States,” from a historical perspective the juvenile court systems is relatively new. It was stated that in the late 1960‘s that youth did not have constitutional rights. In 1967 the U. S. Supreme Courts ruled that even though juvenile courts were civil proceeding, individuals subjected to these proceedings still faced potential loss of liberty. The Supreme Court ruled that all youth offenders in juvenile court proceedings that faced possible confinement have the following constitutional rights: The right to receive notice of charges, The right to obtain legal counsel, The right to confrontation and cross – examination, The privileges against self – incrimination, The right to receive a transcript of the proceedings, and The right to have an appellate court review the lower court’s decision (The Department of Juvenile Services , 2014). However, many of these juvenile courts...
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...Juvenile delinquency has steadily increased over the years and does not look to be decreasing any time soon unless measures are taken. Juveniles are usually convicted and sentenced in juvenile court but some cases have also been tried in adult court. Status offenses are also controversial topics that need further research before any conclusions are drawn on them being an actual violation of the law. There are also a number of different variables and characteristics of each juvenile in detention, and these paint a broader picture of the environment and culture they come from. Juvenile delinquency is also known as juvenile offending or youth crime, which is the participation of juveniles in illegal behavior. A juvenile delinquent is usually a person under the age of 18 who commits an offense that would otherwise have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. It is also possible based upon the type and severity of the crime that an under-18 juvenile delinquent could be charged and tried as an adult. State policies vary as to the age at which a person legally becomes an adult, but if we refer to a juvenile as a person under the age of 18, the figures are shocking and disproportionate. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), reports that nearly 16 percent of all violent crimes and 26 percent of all property crimes are committed by under 18 year olds. What is even more worrying is that this age group only makes up 26 percent of the total population...
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...Historical Explanations for Female Juvenile Delinquency Introduction: The study of female juvenile delinquency is a relatively new area that has only just started to receive the proper attention. Even though men and women are different in many ways, it was only within the last century that there have been serious efforts to create a justice system and corrective programs that take sex differences into account. This paper will give a general overview of female juvenile delinquency, then it will describe the different historical explanations of female delinquency, and will conclude with some ideas for how to best deal with and prevent female juvenile delinquency. Background Information about Female Juvenile Delinquency: Official statistics and self-report data indicate that girls are less likely than boys to commit serious delinquent acts and this has been consistent across different time periods and cultures (Hoge et al., 2008). FBI arrest data reveals that no matter which jurisdictions were reporting in any given year, from 1970 - 2006, girls accounted from anywhere between 20 - 30 % of all juvenile arrests. For example, in 2006, there were 1,156,871 arrests of juvenile males and 469,652 arrests of female juveniles (Shoemaker, 2009). Although females have lower reported rates of criminal activity, this doesn't mean that the distribution of offenses is the same for boys and girls. For example, running away accounts for 4-7% of boys’ arrests opposed to 11-28% of girls’...
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...CPS – Hurt Page 1 Child Protection Services (CPS) and How Juveniles Are Affected Jessie Hurt SOC-331 Social Justice & Ethics Instructor Jen Brockel January 14th, 2013 CPS - Hurt Page 2 “Nearly five children die every day in America from abuse and neglect, and in 2010, an estimated 1,560 children died from abuse and neglect in the United States.” (Alliance, 2012) Children who are being abused and taken from their families, put into foster care systems and/or even adopted out to other families, these children are far more likely to turn to the streets and drugs as a result of their circumstances. Although Child Protection Services (CPS) has changed from the early 1800’s one problem still remains in effect and that is trying to prevent juvenile delinquency through this service, because numerous mistreated children make the jump from innocence to delinquency and find themselves in the juvenile justice system, other systems of care, or in extreme cases they find themselves in adult criminal court. “As child abuse and/ or neglect increases the risk of arrest as a juvenile by 55% and the risk of committing a violent crime by 96%.” (Bilchik & Nash, Fall 2008) Child Protection Services (CPS) history in America is divided into 3 eras. The first era was from colonial times until 1875 and was known as being the “era before organized protection” (Myers, 2008) and the...
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...The Challenges and Effective Methods of Investigating Juvenile Offenders and Delinquents CRJ 105 August 24, 2014 The Challenges and Effective Methods of Investigating Juvenile Offenders and Delinquents Criminal behavior in juvenile offenders has plagued justice from the beginning. Hagans book Introduction to Criminology discusses the relationship between age and crime in detail. I’ve always been interested in the real effects of a juvenile arrest record and how it will follow them for life. The book also states that “arrest data shows that the intensity of criminal behavior slackens after the teens”. So how are these young adults treated and tracked through the system? There have been many important movements and legislation though history towards the shaping and treatment of juvenile offenders and delinquents. The Juvenile Justice System today is by no means perfect, but it is far greater than what was initially in place. During these times, anyone under the age of seventeen who committed a crime was placed in the same judicial system as adults. As social views began to change, many started to see juvenile offenders as youths who had simply lost their way, rather than hardened criminals. The first large movement involved with removing juveniles from the adults took place with the Houses of refuge. In the early 1800’s reformers became concerned about the overcrowded conditions in the jails and the corruption youth experienced when confined with adult felons. The...
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...Sociological Study of Family Structure and Juvenile Delinquency By Hillary R. Sheehan Advised by Professor Chris Bickel SocS 461, 462 Senior Project Social Science Department College of Liberal Arts CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Winter, 2010 © 2010 Hillary Sheehan Delinquency 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Research Proposal…………………………………………………………………………3 Annotated Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...5 Outline……………………………………………………………………………………10 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..14 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………15 The “Broken Home”: Truth or Trend……………………………………………15 Statistics on Single-Parent Families and Juvenile Delinquency…………………21 Case Study……………………………………………………………………….23 Theories…………………………………………………………………………..27 Criticisms………………………………………………………………………...32 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….34 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..36 Delinquency 3 Research Proposal The goal of this research paper is to explore the topic of juvenile delinquency and to analyze the cause of such behavior. The topic of most interest is how the family structure plays a role in delinquent behavior and what can be said about the so called broken home. There is a lot of research in criminal justice that tries to explore the reasons behind people’s behavior and this paper is intending to address youth who have been involved in the system. By exploring this topic I hope to get a better understanding of juvenile delinquency facts and trends as well...
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...Juvenile Sentencing Alternatives to Incarceration David Schuster Oakland Community College Abstract There are many different ways to punish a juvenile for a crime that they have committed. The most common is incarceration, otherwise known as jail or prison. This option has many disadvantages. I will explore the different aspects of incarceration: how it affects the juveniles, and if, over all, it is an effective way to punish young criminals. I will then present several alternatives to incarceration, now being used, such as: community diversion, counseling, education, behavior management, probation, as well as other methods that not only punish the juvenile, but also provide an opportunity for rehabilitation. For this paper, when talking about incarceration and community alternatives as sentencing options, I intend for them to be applied to the not as serious juvenile crimes. Status offenses, minor in possession, breaking and entering, and minor burglary charges would fall into this category. However, I think for more serious, violent crimes there is less discretion as to punishment options, and therefore most community alternatives may not apply to them. Keywords: Incarceration, community alternatives, juvenile delinquents Juvenile Sentencing Alternatives to Incarceration Incarceration for juveniles in this country is largely based upon our criminal justice system for adults. As Jeffery Fagen (2010) states in his article, there are many similarities between...
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...Juvenile Justice System There are many aspects that go into the juvenile justice system. Dealing with juveniles is a much more sensitive matter than that with adults. Some of the aspects of the juvenile justice system include the historical development of the system, the predominant philosophy, key differences between the juvenile and adult systems, distinguishing between dependency and delinquency, and the reason behind the importance of confidentiality in juvenile court. After reading the class material and reviewing case laws and legislations, we can have a further understanding of the aforementioned keys. Historically, the juvenile justice system dates back to England in the 1600s. Chancellors were appointed to make decisions, which were in the best interest of the juvenile. In 1839 there was the case of Ex Parte Crouse, which dealt with a father attempting to release his daughter, Mary Anne Crouse, from the Philadelphia House of Refuge. The girl was not given a trial and the courts rejected the father’s claims. The state made decisions on behalf of the child and other states decided to do the same. In the case of Reform Schools and People ex rel. O’Connell v. Turner in 1870, courts were confining juveniles in reform schools. Many children in Illinois were getting put in reform schools for simply loitering or playing in the streets. Many parents began complaining of the unjust rulings. Later on the courts ruled juvenile delinquents would be placed under the...
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...There are many differences between the juvenile court system and the adult court system. While the primary focus in juvenile court is treatment, rehabilitation, and community protection, the primary goal of the adult system is punishment, and not rehabilitation (PBS, 2014). Limitations are also placed on public access to juvenile records because of the belief that juvenile offenders can be successfully rehabilitated and to avoid their unnecessary stigmatization. While juvenile hearings are closed to the public, juvenile court proceedings may be closed to the public. In contrast, open public records are required for adults and adult courts are open to the public (PBS, 2014). There are no jury trials in juvenile court and the cases are heard...
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...Fatimah Innab Juvenile Process and Corrections JUS 374 Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes Debra Nadeau May 7, 2012 Justice has always been the goal of our court system, but it is not always assisted, especially in cases involving juveniles. The judiciary process has progressed from a system that did not originally consider juveniles, to one where juveniles have their own court proceedings, facilities, and even laws. The juvenile justice system has come a long way, and individuals have worked very hard in its creation. A juvenile is considered to be an individual, under the age of 18, approaching an adult. However, approaching an adult does not always mean that juveniles will have an adult mindset. Therefore, juveniles may need extra attention to help get their lives on track. This paper will examine the process and corrections of delinquent juveniles. The police and other law enforcement agencies usually have first contact with juvenile offenders. Juveniles can come into contact with law enforcement in three ways. First, law enforcement officers may see a law violation and respond. Second, officers may receive a report of delinquency and investigate it. Third, juvenile offenders might turn themselves in, accepting responsibility for a delinquent behavior. Officers have a variation of options to control juveniles when they come into contact with them. These options can be grouped into informal and formal options. The more serious...
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...Juvenile Crime Jo Ann Macklin CJS/200 June 10, 2012 Sheila Toppin Juvenile Crime When we think of the United States judicial system, and what a good system it is. It is hard to believe at one time in our history, children were treated just as adults were. They would receive the same sentences and were placed in the same jail facilities. Now are juvenile system is not perfect, and need more improvements, but with society, and ever changing crimes, the juvenile system is always hard at work, facing the new challenges and seeking improvements. Juveniles that commit crimes are no longer considered criminals, but instead juvenile delinquents. If the child is of a certain age in some states, or the crime is a violent felony, such as rape, or murder, the child can be treated as an adult, making him or her criminal and trialed as an adult in a criminal court of law. The juvenile offender is treated different than an adult offender. The juvenile court system’s main concerns are for the safety, privacy and rehabilitation of the minor offender. The most signifying differences as stated by Attorney LaMance, Ken, “Juveniles are not prosecuted for committing crimes, but rather delinquent acts. When the delinquent acts are very serious, they may be considered crimes and the juvenile may be tried in the adult system. Juveniles don't have a right to a public trial by jury. For a juvenile charged with a crime, the trial portion of the case involves a judge hearing evidence and ruling...
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