...The Advancement of Green Politics Within Government: The Cases of Germany and Great Britain Since their formative years, Green parties have seen increasing success in advancing environmental interests in European politics. They key factor in determining a Green party’s capacity to implement its policy aims is the context of the political system in which it operates. This is reflected in the relative electoral success of the German Greens, Alliance ’90/The Greens, as compared with the difficulties faced by the British Greens. Many analysts consider the German Greens “the strongest example of the impact of Green politics on Western European political systems” due to its impact within German government (Burchell, 2002, p. 52). The Green Party in the United Kingdom is considered a minor party—defined as “a party with no elected seats in Parliament” (Birch, 2009, p. 53). This represents the greatest challenge to the British Greens’ political efficacy. The German and British Green parties were established in extremely different political climates, and they gained different levels of influence within government as a result. The emergence of the German Greens in the twentieth century coincided with the rise of new social movement protests during the 1960s 1970s. This movement brought about a heightened awareness of social and environmental problems among new-left student populations, as well as citizen action groups, that helped set the stage for a “Green challenge within the...
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...In the government there has been two main parties Democratic and Republican party. This has become more prevalent through history especially in our day in age. These two parties have overshadowed the 3rd smaller parties. These 3rd parties have never been elected this may be because that the two larger parties have always been elected or it may be that people do not know enough about the other 3rd parties to even give them a second chance or even a look. I am going to state the similarities and differences between a larger political party with a smaller 3rd part and the 3rd party I will be choosing is the Green party. The major party that I will be comparing to my 3rd party is the Democratic party. The Democratic view on abortion is very similar to the Green party's view. One point about abortion that both of these parties platforms include is that woman should be able to make there own decision about whether they want to get an abortion or not. Another point that they both make is that the healthcare and prescriptions that are needed...
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...Minor Parties A minor party is a party that fields candidates for the election but has insufficient voter support to win a majority of seats in a house of parliament in its own right. Minor parties include The Democrats, Greens, Family First and Nationals. ♥ Significant because; ♥ They hold the balance of power in the senate ♥ Their preferences may determine result of elections ♥ Provide an alternate choice for voters Classifications of a minor party ♥ Secessionist parties – form as a result of a split in the “parent” party ♥ Aggrieved minor parties – usually form after the group failed as a pressure group ♥ Doctrinal parties – firm, narrow rigid doctrine Why do major parties dominate? ♥ Australia is basically a two-party system and other parties have found it difficult to establish themselves ♥ Media tends to concentrate on major parties ♥ Minor parties find it difficult to raise finance ♥ Use of single member electorates has made it very difficult Strategies used by Minor Parties ♥ Gaining major party support of their policies in exchange for their preferences ♥ Form coalitions with major parties, eg Nationals and Liberals ♥ Holding the balance of power in the senate ♥ Use electoral preferences as threats/compromises The Australian Democrats The Democrats have had a greater impact than any other minor party in the history of federal politics – emerged as a distinctive third force in federal politics – relative success over a...
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...Minor Parties: Past and Present Throughout the history of American politics, there have been countless political parties that have formed, disbanded, and evolved, and nearly all of them have helped shape today’s American political structure in some way. These groups have made significant contributions to American politics and have both directly and indirectly impacted election outcomes. In both the 1912 and the 1968 presidential elections, minor party candidates not only secured a significant amount of support, but influenced drastic change in political views and processes in the United States. In addition to these historical examples, minor parties continue to have a significant role in American politics, and in the 2012 Presidential Election, the Libertarian and Green Parties both nominated candidates that had potential to make a significant impact. Many scholars today believe minor parties only to be “spoilers” in presidential elections; they say that they merely take enough votes away from one candidate to cause the other candidate to win the election (Trautman, 2014). While this does occur, minor parties have a much greater impact on American politics than as merely election spoilers. They often present issues that are important to the American populous that may be overlooked by the large political machines that are the Democratic and Republican parties. After the major parties study these issues, often they consider them in the presentation of their party platform to...
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...That film earned Paul Newman the Oscar for Best Actor as a pool hustler and stakehorse, who enjoyed a glass or two of J.T.S. Brown Kentucky bourbon, my favorite beverage from college days. But, unless I’ve missed a documentary or foreign film along these lines, I haven’t yet seen a dramatization called “The Color of Politics.” Yes, there is such a thing as “The Politics of Color,” but as social commentary, not as a film title. “The Color of Politics” is equally real though, and has a long history. I first dabbled in the palette of politics on election eve, 2008, when I presented before the club on that occasion an essay I’d titled “One Collage Too Many,” painting a picture of the many problems inherent in the Electoral College system for electing American Presidents, an issue which still haunts us today. I began that essay by reflecting these thoughts, and I quote myself: “Light begets color. And colors fan emotions. Facts and emotions churn together, and the resulting political party leanings are reflected in a patchwork painting – a colored...
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...reflecting religious tolerance, freedom of speech and association, and the rule of law. Although the Australian Political system shares many similarities with The British Westminster Political system, there are number of subtle differences at the same time. Australian politics operates as a multi-party system; there are two major parties, as a result of the coalition between the Liberal Party and National Party, and the Australian Labor Party. The leader of the elected party becomes the Prime Minister, and for the party to be in power it needs to have a majority in the House of Representatives in order to make and enact policies on behalf of their party and the country. Since the advancement of technology and the availability of television and radio, the Prime Minister and the Opposition Leader have been identified by the public as the leader of their parties due to fact that they are the person that the public sees the most. As a result they have been key representatives of their party in order to get their message across in the shortest possible amount of time. Due to the Prime Minister and the Opposition Leader being identified as the leader the achievements and failures of their political party fall heavily upon them. Thus many political spectators are seeing the “presidentialisation” of Australian politics. According to R.A.W. Rhodes, John Wanna & Patrick Weller, ‘Presidentialism occurs when there is a shift of political power resources and autonomy to the benefit of individual...
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...2007 Orin S. Kerr Second Series • Autumn 2007 Volume 11 • Number 1 Published by The Green Bag, Inc., in cooperation with the George Mason University School of Law. HOW TO READ A LEGAL OPINION A GUIDE FOR NEW LAW STUDENTS Orin S. Kerr† This essay is designed to help new law students prepare for the first few weeks of class. It explains what judicial opinions are, how they are structured, and what law students should look for when reading them. W I. WHAT’S IN A LEGAL OPINION? hen two people disagree and that disagreement leads to a lawsuit, the lawsuit will sometimes end with a ruling by a judge in favor of one side. The judge will explain the ruling in a written document referred to as an “opinion.” The opinion explains what the case is about, discusses the relevant legal principles, and then applies the law to the facts to reach a ruling in favor of one side and against the other. Modern judicial opinions reflect hundreds of years of history and practice. They usually follow a simple and predictable formula. This † Orin Kerr is a professor of law at the George Washington University Law School. This essay can be freely distributed for non-commercial uses under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported license. For the terms of the license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. 11 GREEN BAG 2D 51 Orin S. Kerr section takes you through the basic formula. It starts with the...
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...Chariot racing plays an important role in sports history. It was one of the most popular and influential sports in ancient history. The sport has many claimed origins and thrived during the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Empires. The sport that started out so simple evolved as it moved from one era to the next, gaining more importance at every advancement. It was an extremely dangerous sport, as drivers frequently suffered gruesome injuries and unfortunate deaths. Chariot racing teams, or factions, had a very strong fan base. These factions drew tons of spectator support, which would lead to many conflicts between differing factions. These conflicts were politicized, affecting both society and their respective empire. Roman and Byzantine emperors eventually took control of these factions and had their officials running them, placing even more importance on the sport. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, chariot racing only survived in the east, the Byzantine Empire. These Roman factions transitioned with the sport, which played an important role in the history of Byzantium. These factions had an even stronger social and political influence, and in the end, played a role in the demise of its own sport, along with the eventual demise of an empire. The origin of Chariot Racing is an unknown commodity. The first known reference to the sport was by Homer at a funeral for Patroclus where he claimed they raced only one lap around a tree. According to a legend, chariot racing founded...
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...English Study Guide E period Beowulf * The Wrath of Grendel Grendel, a murderous, powerful monster lurks outside Hrothgar’s a Danish King’s, extravagant party. God drove out the demons, but they split into many forms of evil spirits, fiends, goblins, monsters, and giants. Grendel is a demonic monster. At night, when the party ended, Grendel ate 30 guests and left blood everywhere. In the morning, the people of Herot and Hrothgar mourned the deaths of Grendel’s victims. However, Grendel came again and ate all of Hrothgar’s soldiers, leaving Herot bare. Hrothgar was incredibly saddened by this. However, God protected him and no help came from the pagan sacrifices. The only protection came from God. * The Coming of Beowulf In the land of the Geats, ruled by Higlac, Beowulf was the greatest and strongest of all the men. He decided to go to see Hrothgar, because he has heard of the horrors Grendel brought. The Geats egged on his adventure, so Beowulf took a crew of the mightiest men he could find and set forth on his journey. They arrived at the Danish shore and were questioned by the guard, who thought they might be raiders or pirates. Beowulf explained they were Geats; his father was Edgetho, a famous soldier and explained why they were there. The guard lets them pass. They enter Herot and are called to see the King. Beowulf is greeted by Hrothgar and explains why he is there. He says he will fight and kill Grendel without fear, and if he looses to...
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...With the roaring 20’s came a time of glitz, glamor, and lavish lifestyles, including parties and events. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald tells the story of how a group of wealthy individuals gets wrapped up in conflicts while trying to convey their wealth to one another. Jay Gatsby, the main character, became wealthy by getting involved in the stock market after the WWI, where he originally fell in love with Daisy. Daisy Buchanan is married to a wealthy man named Tom Buchanan, who later resents Gatsby, leading to his contribution to Gatsby’s death. A whirlwind of events occurs after the reunion of Gatsby and Daisy that is furthered with the symbolic messages created by Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald uses a variety of symbolic messages, including the green light of Daisy’s porch, the valley of ashes, and the East and West Egg, to help with the development of the plot and to give the novel...
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...have been listed in the sentences and at the end of the paper. In consideration of author’s limited knowledge and information sources, there will be inevitable mistakes and errors in the paper, all the criticisms corrected are welcomed by the readers. Content Introduction Background: Among the liberties secured by the Constitution is the right to have suits at common law decided by a jury (U.S. CONST. amend. VII) .The enactment of the Federal Arbitration Act 2 (FAA) in 1925 produced a critical qualification to this right, allowing commercial entities to agree to resolve a contractual dispute through binding arbitration agreements(9 U.S.C. § 2 (2000)). In Green Tree Financial Corp.-Alabama v. Randolph, the Supreme Court announced that, for consumers, the right to a trial by jury had been further qualified. Even the costs of arbitration are potentially so high as to eliminate the consumer from proving her statutory rights, a contractual agreement to arbitration, even in a contract, is still enforceable （9 U.S.C. § 2 (2000)) p79 “the ‘risk’ that the plaintiff will be saddled with prohibitive costs is too speculative to justify invalidation of an arbitration agreement”）. The Court required...
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...Webs of Smoke: Kathryn Meyer & Terry Parssinen The book “Webs of Smoke” written by Kathryn Meyer and Terry Parssinen is published in the year of 1998 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Kathryn Meyer received her Ph.D. from Temple University. She has taught East Asian history at Temple University-Japan, Ohio Wesleyan University, Lafayette College and Wright State University. The other author, Terry Parssinen received his Ph.D. in the History of Ideas program from Brandeis University. He has taught at Grinnell College, Temple University, the University of Maryland, College Park, and he is presently professor of history at the University of Tampa. The thesis of the whole book is to convince the reader that both drug trafficker and their political allies were consummate opportunities. As long as there is a demand for drugs and drugs in demand are illegal, traffickers will seek out and establish alliances with politicians. The drug trade is not the product of a global conspiracy and there is no central command and control and no master plan to destroy and population or group. The thesis of the book is significant. Based on opportunists’ point of view, the authors wrote all the chapters from a relative objective point of view, which means that they treat the origin, spread, development, and the fall of drug trade as the result of supply, demand, profit and power. The book “Webs of Smoke” contains an introduction and eight chapters and a conclusion at the end. Each...
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...Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (published on April 10, 1925) is one novel that anyone would regret not reading. It has gone down in history as one of the most important works in American literature — and, to many, the great American novel. Fitzgerald has succeeded in offering up commentary on a variety of themes — justice, power, greed, betrayal, the American dream and so on through Nick as a narrator. There are two most impressive symbols in the novel. The green light at the end of Daisy’s dock and the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg remains obsessing in readers’ minds. The first is a perfect example of the manner in which characters The Great Gatsby. Situated at the end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely visible from Gatsby’s West Egg lawn, the green light represents Gatsby’s hopes and dreams. Gatsby associates it with Daisy, to whom “ he bought house to be near her, he threw all those parties hoping she would wander in one night”. In Chapter 1 he reaches toward the green light on the other side of the river, in the darkness as a guiding light to lead him to his goal. Gatsby’s quest for Daisy is broadly associated with the American dream: “all man are created equal and that they are endowed with certain unalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and pursuit of happiness”, the green light also symbolizes that more generalized ideal. Though, The Great Gatsby illustrates the downgrade value of American Dream, instead of striving for equality...
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...Donald Simmons Professor R.A Harris Tuesday / Thursday 3:30-4:45 Test #2 Chapters 7,8,11 & 12 I will be speaking as a Conservative towards Political Culture and Public Opinion. Political Culture is a set of attitudes and practices held by people that forms their political behavior. Which includes moral judgments, beliefs, political myths and ideas about what could make up a good society. It is also a reflection of a government, but it also includes elements of history and tradition that may predate the current government. Political cultures matter because it structures a population’s political views and actions. Governments can help shape political culture and public opinion through education, public events. Political cultures can vary significantly from state to state and sometimes even within a state. However, political culture remains pretty much the same over time. As a conservative I believe gun ownership should have few restrictions because The Second Amendment constitutionally protects it. America is overflowing with firearms to the point where they have become part of the structure of the social stability. Which means while they are the source of chaos, they can also be understood as something that keeps the peace. Conservatives argue that because criminals have complete access to guns then it’s only fair to even the odds for possible victims by permitting them to own them to there own gun as well. Conservatives also believe...
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... Germany’s greatest strength is its automobile industry. German carmakers focus on computer-based assistance systems that could make driving safer and more comfortable. | Economics. Since the late nineteenth century, the German economy has been shaped by industrial production, international trade, and the rise of consumer culture. Consequently, the number of people involved in agricultural production has steadily declined. At the end of the twentieth century, only 2.7 percent of the German workforce was involved in agriculture, forestry, and fishery combined. Nevertheless, 48 percent of the total area of Germany was devoted to agriculture, and agricultural products covered 85 percent of domestic food needs. Social Institutions History of Germany. When the Roman Empire failed to conquer the vast...
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