...Kaitlyn Daignault December 2, 2012 Research Paper Hitler and Mussolini The relationship between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini helped to instill fear throughout the rest of Europe through the 1930s and 1940s. The powerhouse duo was very similar in many ways including persuasion and public speaking; however they also had different key qualities to make them unique. Having risen to power years earlier during the 1920s, Benito Mussolini was the senior of the two, and an initial inspiration and mentor for a young Adolf Hitler. Mussolini’s ideas of a fascist Italy became a building block for Hitler and Nazi Germany. However, early on their relationship was not a good one as Mussolini saw himself as superior. Mussolini had little respect for Hitler and the Nazi Germany as a whole. He did not agree with Hitler’s beliefs regarding racialism and his desire of an Aryan race. As time continued Mussolini’s view of Nazi Germany and Hitler would change completely. As the Germans became the powerhouse of Europe, Mussolini was forced to take a backseat to Hitler throughout World War II. A young Benito Mussolini began his rise to power in Italy as early as 1918. It is then that he realized that in order for Italy to grow as a dominant force in Europe, a dictatorship was necessary. With his good looks and his persuasive speeches, a young Mussolini was able to gain the support of the Italian people. Although the content of his speeches was often incorrect, opinions contradictory...
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...The dictator of Nazi Germany was Adolf Hitler. He seemed to have a hectic childhood. He was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on April 20th 1889, and when he was three he moved to Germany. He and his dad always were disagreeing with each other because Adolf liked fine arts while his dad preferred business. When Adolf’s brother died Hitler became detached and introverted from his family. Early in his life Adolf showed a love for German nationalism by hating Austria-Hungary. Before Hitler became a dictator he had to get his power. So, the German Great Depression gave Hitler a huge opportunity, they would now be open to more extreme options. In 1932 Hitler ran against Paul von Hindenburg for president although Hitler lost. But, in order to promote...
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...Hitler’s Influences Imagine creating a monster. Many people have wondered what must have happened to Adolf Hitler to have made him such an awful man. Hitler was most affected by his parents, Georg von Schönerer and Karl Lueger, and Benito Mussolini of Italy. First, Hitler was affected by his parents, Alois and Klara. Hitler went into “2 years of depression and lived in a homeless shelter after blowing all the money his parents had left for him,” (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2017). He experienced depression when he was rejected from an art school, which happened shortly after his mother died when he was 17. After being rejected from two different art schools, Adolf spent all his money on the glamorous life that he wished he had, but instead he ended in deeper waters than intended. He had no one to guide and love him, so he went on to meet unfortunate people that only helped build the monster. In addition, Hitler was also affected by Georg von Schönerer and Karl Lueger. These men “taught him about anti-semitism, pan-Germanism, and the basic skills and dogma to overtake the Nazi party,” (Hummel 2013). This means he learned to be prejudice against Jews, to get all Europeans to speak German, and how to overthrow the Nazi party and become the overall ruler. For example, the idea of...
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...formed powerful Fascist governments Countries wanted a government that would strengthen the country in every way possible; this is exactly what dictators and Fascists promised. The first dictatorship was in Spain then Benito Mussolini in Italy, formed the first Fascist government. The Fascist dictators wanted to expand the territory of their country and began to look for new lands to conquer. Although Fascism was very significant in the cause of World War II, Mussolini, the Abyssinia crisis, Spanish civil war, and its influence on Nazism aided Fascism in causing World War II. Fascism did not start from nothing. Benito Mussolini...
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...• Mussolini differed from Hitler in regard to Jews and Homosexuals and other groups from power. • Mussolini faced more opposition from Liberals and leftist groups, while Hitler adopted totalitarianism with a lot of nationalistic pride. • Both used something called Secret policy. • Yet both policies were different in nature. Hitler focused more a pollution of the German state and influences from the Aryan race. While Mussolini utilized bandits and hooligans to keep and strengthen his power. • Hitler and Mussolini placed fear into the hearts of the general public. Trepidation was present but for different reasons. • People beneath Hitler were afraid of not fitting in. conformity took over and wanted to be apart of the Aryan race. Because if you did not fit in, the consequences were grave such as death camps, and so...
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...multiple dictators came to power before him. Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, and Adolf Hitler all shared the same fundamentals when related to leadership. These three dictators were able to gain power in their...
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...The decisions in World War I (WW1), or the Great War, were mostly the reasons for the start of World War II (WW2). In 1902, a man named Benito Mussolini moved to Switzerland from Italy to avoid going to jail. He was an avid socialist news reporter. While earning a reputation as a political journalist and public speaker, he produced propaganda for a trade union, proposing a strike and advocating violence as a means of enforcing demands. (Hibbert, Foot. Jan 12, 2000). He had got into a lot of trouble with the Switzerland police due to his writing. Mussolini had been arrested and sent back to Italy, then being set free moved back to Switzerland. He got arrested again and was drafted into the military and completed his time. Once out of the...
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...Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini is a name you probably hear often, but you don’t really know much about him except that he was an evil man and that he was sort of similar to Hitler. Mussolini was the creator of the Fascist Movement/Fascist Party in Italy in 1919. He made himself prime minister and ruled from 1922-1945. He had ideas pretty similar to Hitler and even started his own anti-Jew laws in Italy. While he may not have done as many horrid things as Hitler, he was still incredibly evil. But, we’ll talk more about that later. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883, in Dovia di Predappio, Forlì, Romagna, Italy. He was the oldest child of three from his parents, Rosa Maltoni Mussolini and Alessandro Mussolini. His father was a passionate socialist and blacksmith. His mother was a Catholic schoolteacher, and she provided most of the family income because the father was busy doing political things and spending money on his mistress (not Benito’s mom, scandalous!). Mussolini was a very bright and...
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...in the Spanish Civil War and an alliance with Germany. Despite achieving some domestic and foreign short-term success, Imperialism as an Italian fascist foreign policy was truly destructive for fascism. Modeled upon the old Roman Empire, Mussolini strived to ensure that the idea of ‘Romanità’ was deeply engrained within fascist ideology and culture, predominantly through propaganda. He made no secret of his desire to make Italy ‘great, respected and feared’ (Urmila Sharma, S.K. Sharma Page 388), often alluding to the power and dominance of the Roman Empire as a tool to inflame national patriotism. In order to sustain this idea, Mussolini wanted a spectacular foreign policy achievement that would boost the popularity of the fascist regime whilst diverting attentions away from unpopular domestic policies (Page 57, Mussolini and Italian Fascism, Hamish Macdonald). In this way, an invasion of Abyssinia had perfectly logical long-term nationalistic aspirations; a war would train fascists for a seemingly inevitable future war in as much as fulfilling their obligation to war, which would make them good fascists. Whilst Mussolini regarded the invasion of Abyssinia in 1935 as an important stepping-stone into the expansion of Italian influence, dubbing it ‘the greatest colonial war in history’ (Preston, 1994), the Abyssinian invasion...
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...applied to other rules and rulers like Hitler (Germany), Franco (Spain), Salazar (Portugal) and Peron (Argentina). These were sometimes quite different from the Italian rule. Since there was no great theoretical writer during this age who would have explained the philosophies clearly in the way that Karl Marx had did for Communism. Mussolini had been frequently changing his policies and aims before 1923 which suggested that his main aim was to acquire power. Some of the basic principles of Fascism can be listed as follows: • Extreme Nationalism: Emphasis on the re-birth of the Nation after a period of decline and also establishing that one’s own Nation is superior to all. • A totalitarian system of Government: In this the Government attempted to arouse and mobilize the ordinary people and to organize them with strong disciplinary measures and to control as many aspects of human life as possible. According to the ‘fascists’, this was necessary in order to promote the interest of the State. • A one party state was essential: there was no place for democracy and especially communism. The fascist party members were the elite class of the Nation and the leader would win mass support thrilling speeches. • Importance of economic self-sufficiency (autarchy): This was required in order to develop the greatness of the state. • Military strength and violence: This was an integral part of the way of life in fascism. Mussolini himself remarked, ‘Peace is absurd:...
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...defined, implies an organization or acceptable rule of administration characterized by a government system led by a dictator who exercises harsh and strict control over the citizens, and the commons are mandated to comply with the government rule without resistance. Most authoritarian regimes rely on nationality or race to garner influence and support for a centralized autocratic government. The main aim of a fascist government is to enhance national unity and maintain a stable order in the society by exercising the element of fear among the citizens. Totalitarianism was able to exercise influence, by garnering devotion from regime loyalist. Its prominent execution was purported to collectively influence the success of a country. Supporters of the regime were rewarded by significant posts and incentives while non-loyalists were expected to remain silent without questioning the administrations motives. Use of violence was supported by the administration system to neutralize any emergent form of oppression. Fascism was a prominent governing system that was established during the early twentieth century, based on the need to respond to western influence and assert dictatorial states as new world leaders. The common character present in both ideologies is the nation or state was put before the rest. If a state was conceived by fascist regimes then the nation would speaks would be organized, structured and from its unity arise above the rest (Eatwell, 2011).Stalwarts were the propellers...
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...After and during World War I, some people rose to power and became notorious, totalitarian leaders. Most of the totalitarian leaders such as Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini began their lives as normal citizens, but the rose to power because of the war and the treaties. Because the people of the countries such as Italy, Germany, and Russia were influenced and encouraged, leaders such as Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin rose to power, but starting their lives as normal citizens. Each of the totalitarian leaders share common characteristics, such as aggression and influence, especially demonstrated by their rise to power and their foreign policy. The Totalitarian leaders came to the rise of power by giving encouragements to the people around them. In the picture of document six, Mussolini demonstrated his rise to power by making a speech around his fellow commanders. His hand is in a form of a fist which shows him giving an influential and a powerful speech. Since Mussolini is giving a speech to his comrades, his speech became the milestone of his leadership. Similarly, in the picture of Hitler in document four, Hitler demonstrates his extreme nationalism and aggressiveness by giving a speech, a tactic used by each leader as a major cause of their of power. THe leaders remained in power by using propaganda to make them seem...
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...Fear took hold of Germany in a way that no one thought possible. Most of that fear came from Germany for foreign leverage within the spheres of influences. Germany was going through a financial depression putting thousands of Germans out of work. The ever-growing middle class looked for a charismatic leader that would restore pride to Germany and ease anxiety. Adolf Hitler quickly saw that fear in Germany and pinned that fear on minority groups that he believed was the sole reason Germany lost the war. “Rather than acknowledging the bad things they had done, the defendants often tried to talk about their traits and actions that proved what good people they are,” said Hollie Nyseth Brehm, co-author of the study and assistant professor of sociology at The Ohio State University. Hitler used the loss of the war to bring even the fair-minded middle class to understand that the future of Germany was inevitable. Hitler was a charismatic leader that used fear of final crisis and blame to rise to...
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...Italian Fascism vs. German Nazism By Christina Dixon HIS306: Twentieth-Century Europe (BPI1434A) Instructor: Max Fassnacht May 4, 2015 Fascism and Nazism came during a time when there was an economic crisis that was sweeping through Europe. Fascism and Nazism was two familiar totalitarian regimes that was able to arise from Germany and Italy. In Germany, the National socialist party was conducted by Adolf Hitler, while Benito Mussolini conducted the fascist party in Italy. Italy and Germany’s future was based on the education in the schools, since education played an important role between these two nations. The people’s image of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler as two leaders was profoundly the important factors to their popularity. The most essential tool that was allowed in both countries and played a very important role in both political parties was propaganda, which gave both parties the ability to influence the perspectives of the people to their partiality. Italy and Germany are two natural allies, but however they are both different from each other and can be connected in many salutations. “Largo ai Giovani”, Italian for "make way for the young" (Clayton, 2009) was just one of the mottos that was used by Benito Mussolini’s regime. Mussolini’s saying highlights one of the most important aspects during the Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany’s education system. The education system in both countries was not just used for learning but also was the...
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...How successful was Mussolini's foreign policy in the years to 1939? During the years 1922-39 Mussolini committed to many different foreign policies. Mussolini’s foreign policy aims for Italy were to build national prestige, increase domestic support for the regime, gain dominance over the Mediterranean, and spread fascism abroad to establish his empire. He had to consider factors whilst formulating his foreign policy plans such as trading, alliances (military back-up/defence), resources within the empire and war to ensure that his regime would be a success. In many ways, Mussolini’s foreign policy was a success in the short term. His foreign policies can be judged whether or not to be successful by looking at his aims, as previously stated, and if these aims were achieved. Mussolini entered the Spanish Civil War in 1936 as part of an anti-Bolshevik campaign and to help spread fascism abroad, one of the clear aims of Mussolini. Italy sent planes and troops to help nationalist General Franco’s revolt against Spain’s socialist government and despite Mussolini expecting a short war it lasted 3 years. Mussolini’s intervention of this war was to achieve dominance over the Mediterranean, to spread fascism abroad, stop French left-wing influence in Spain and to gain an ally in a strategic area. In the battle of Guadalajara, in March 1937, Italian troops were defeated and 400 soldiers were killed and 1,800 wounded, 500 were taken prisoner and 25 artillery pieces, 10 mortars,...
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