...The Person, Health and Wellbeing Assessment 1 – Stage 2 The word ‘loss’ can be conveyed through many forms and variations of change. In relation to a 5-year-old child, change plays a vital role with increasing the way in which a child conceptualizes and responds to forms of loss. This is based on their developmental factors. The development of a child is endured by their “growth and change that makes an individual better adapted to the environment, by enhancing the individual’s ability to engage in, understand, and experience more complex behavior, thinking and emotions.” (Ailish Gill, 2012, p.166). In addition, these developments are associated with theories such as Piaget and Eriksons, which clarify the stage of cognitive growth (Ailish Gill, 2012, p.191) and psychosocial crisis, involving transitions in important social relationships (Ailish Gill, 2012, p.189). Furthermore, this essay will discuss the fundamental factors of how a 5-year-old conceptualizes and displays developmental factors through their response to loss and how the child is influenced from a cognitive and psychosocial perspective, which displays perceptions of their loss and how they cope with the change. According to Ailison Gill (2012) “Cognitive-developmental theory is concerned with what goes on in people’s minds: how they learn, reason, solve problems, understand language, explain themselves and experiences and beliefs.” (p.191) Piaget theory addresses cognitive-developmental theory by identifying...
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...Discuss the impact of chronic medical conditions on adolescents (12-18yo) and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development. Adolescence is a difficult time for individuals, according to Stage 5 of Erikson’s Psychosocial Development, this is a phase where individuals undergo identity difficulties. It is a period where the individual is undergoing transition and development, the individual also comes to terms with their new found sense of identity. In this stage the chronically ill adolescent attempts to differentiate between personal identity and the illness they have, and separate whether their condition is part of their identiy. (Vogel-Scibilia, McNulty, Baxter Et al, 2009). This essay will explore the adversity adolescents with chronic medical conditions must endure and overcome a series of obstacles in everyday mundane situations. This chronic medical condition becomes even more hindrance in the everyday functioning of the individual and for his or her family. However there are strategies that can be utilised to promote resilience and positive development for the individual. Adolescents with chronic medical conditions may have been affected cognitively, such as their perception on the world or their self-concept. Individuals with a chronic medical condition may have an altered perception of themself and hence result in them manifesting a low self-esteem. Chronically ill adolescents may have subsequently increasing the degree of separation between one’s...
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...-HLSC111- Chronic medical conditions are often described as an illness or a disability that are able to affect someone for a prolonged period of time. Adolescence is a stage of development and discovery and those who are diagnosed with a chronic illness during this period will often find it more challenging to cope than their healthy peers. This essay will discuss the emotional, familial, social and physical changes and difficulties for adolescents undergoing treatment of a chronic illness and will also discuss their possible future outcomes and ways of endorsing positive development. The emotional state of someone undergoing treatment of a long-term illness or disability is usually the independent factor in that person’s overall health. Somebody’s mental health will influence their attitude about themselves physically, socially and can impact their future choices and family life. In an evaluation of The Adolescent Leadership Council (TALC) by Adams et al (2013), the foundations of developing a strong positive mental state in someone who is undergoing treatment for a chronic medical condition are discussed. The foundations of the TALC programme are to link adolescents experiencing a chronic illness to talk over what is happening with others and not feel isolated in their developmental years, and to help the adolescents acquire self-confidence within themselves. It is paramount that health care professionals understand that youth living with a chronic illness are striving for...
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...In response to a diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis, individuals are expected to experience a range of both physical and psychological responses. The stress resulting, can be explained as “the internal process that occurs as people try to adjust to events and situations, especially those that they perceive to be beyond their coping strategies” (Bernstein et al., 2015, p. 103). Whilst the severity of the response is dependent on the individual involved, people often display similar reactions to stressors. In addition, physiological and psychological responses often occur together to form the individual’s response. The psychological responses can be further broken down into behavioural, cognitive and emotional changes. In response to a diagnosis with a poor likely outcome, individuals will likely experience a chain of emotional responses. Initially, the patient may be subjected to fear which may result in ongoing anxiety for the patient. Other common reported feelings due to stressors are anger, depression and irritability. However, in relation to a poor prognosis, individuals can often experience feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Individuals can act to reduce their emotional stress responses by employing emotion focused coping. Typically this involves “actions that are directed toward decreasing the emotional component of a stress response” (Grivas, Letch, Down,& Carter, 2010, p.599) and may include strategies such as denial, acceptance, distancing and...
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...HLSC111 Stress and Health Continuing with psychosocial aspects affecting health and particularly the role of stress and its possible mechanisms Week 6 Lecture A PNI, Pain and Health We will examine PNI ‐ Psychoneuroimmunology The immune system – its role in preventing disease Lect B – coping – what works Where are we? This lect draws a number of threads together: So far we have looked at: People and ways to understand them What people share with each other – developmental psychology What makes people unique – individual differences The role of groups people belong to Stress – causes and effects Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) What is it? PNI ‐ examines the relationships between the mind/brain and immune system “The field that studies the interactions between the central nervous system, the endocrine system and the immune system; the impact of behaviour/stress on these interactions; and the implications for health of these interactions” Ronald Glaser Now we will examine in more detail the relationship between behaviour, 1919 ‐ researchers noted increased stress increased the the nervous system, the endocrine system, immunity and coping ‐ ways to stay healthy Back to Physiology progression of pulmonary tuberculosis. Research foundations Psychosocial factors modulating immunity Immune system problems result from Increased Age Genetic disorders Infectious diseases Nutrition...
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