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The Effects of EGCG on Cancer Cells
Cell Biology

Background Green tea is a very common household beverage and lately it has been the center of research for the fight against cancer. This research, if found to be successful, could be ground breaking for the way our doctors treat patients with cancer. To begin with, researchers have designed techniques that allow them to study cancer stem cells and their progression with and without chemicals. A chemical found in green tea called epigallocatechin gallate or (EGCG) has been found to inhibit cell growth in cancer stem cells. Researchers have found that many intracellular pathways that are vital to the cancer cells growth are inhibited when in the presence of EGCG. Studies show that when cancer stem cells are incubated over time and they are treated with EGCG there is a significant response to the chemical showing the inhibitory effects toward the cells. As stated, “[i]n vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that EGCG affect a wide array of molecular pathways, resulting in inhibition of cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis [Tang, 1].” The inhibition of cell growth keeps the cancer cell ultimately from growing and regenerating. Green tea has gained its attention by researchers because it is used in just about every household around the globe. It has been used for herbal remedies for thousands of years and it’s shown to have great affects when used in dieting. “The most active constituents of green tea are polyphenols (catechins), including epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin, epicatechin -3-gallate (ECG), and epicatechin [Sukhthankar, 2].” The polyphenols may play a huge role in the affects that EGCG has on cancer stem cells. An affect that the chemical in green tea may also have includes the degradation of the cells outer layer. In another research, “EGCG causes internalization of the EGFR [Adachi, 3].” This internalization ultimately led to the degradation of a pathway that allowed the cell’s surface to expand.
Objective
As a group, we are going to attempt to add to the research previously reported and described above. We are going to be using HepG2 cells, from the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line. These cells will be placed in to a nutrient filled media, then introduced to EGCG. We are going to feed and tend to our cells several times a week in order to assure accurate data. Cells will be checked and data will be recorded several times a week. We are attempting to add to the current research, that EGCG plays an important role in treating and preventing many different lines of cancer cells.
Hypothesis
After thoroughly researching and recording our data, the results will show that presence of EGCG will decrease the growth and spreading of cancer cells.
Significance
The significance of this experiment lies in the fact that it will expand the beliefs of the chemical and its effects towards cancer cells. It is worth considering because EGCG is a chemical found in household beverages and the plant that it comes from can be grown around the world. It’s effects won’t be as harmful as the current chemotherapy treatments and those affected by it won’t suffer. It is important to conduct these experiments because it could possibly lead to the discovery of more effects the chemical may have on the cell. There is a high value added to the knowledge base simply due to the extensive research and development involved.

Reference Cited
1. Tang, S., Singh, C., Nall, D., Meeker D., Shankar, S., Srivastava, R. K. 2010. The dietary bioflavonoid quercetin synergizes with epigallocathechin gallate (EGCG) to inhibit prostate cancer stem cell characteristics, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. University of Kansas cancer center, University of Kansas medical center. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933702/ >. 2. Sukhthankar, M., Yamaguchi, K., Lee, S., McEntee, M.F., Eling, T.E., Hara, Y., Baek, S.J. A Green Tea Component Suppresses Posttranslational Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Colorectal Cancer. *Laboratory of Environmental Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd, Food Research Lab, Miyabara, Fujieda City, Japan. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562743/>. 3. Adachi, S., Nagao, T., To, S. Joe, A.K., Shimizu, M., Matsushima-Nishiwaki, R.,, Kozawa, O., Moriwaki, H., Maxfield, F.R., Weinstein, I.B. 2008. Epigallocatechin gallate causes internalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human colon cancer cells. Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556969/>.

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