...Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma What is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma you may ask? It’s a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are a part of the body's immune system. Over the years the rate of NHL has increased rapidly. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is different from Hodgkins because NHL includes different types of lymphoma while Hodgkin's does not. You may ask, what’s the difference in NHL and HL? Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma doesn’t include the Reed-Sternberg cells although Hodgkin's does. Any type of lymphoma that doesn’t have to do with Reed-Sternberg cells is classified as Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All according to the Lymphoma Research Foundation. Non-Hodgkins is the 5th most common cancer and the 3rd fastest growing. Non-Hodgkin's...
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...The disease I choose to write about is Cancer, specifically Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a large group of cancers of lymphocytes (white blood cells). The disease can occur at any age but most notably older than 60. Cancer is prominent on both sides of my family. On my mom’s side there is (my grandmother, my aunt) which have both passed with cancer and my mother, my uncle, and my grandfather all have cancer that is in remission at this time. On my dad’s side, there was my dad and a brother and a sister. All of these individuals have died from Cancer with the exception of my step-grandfather who was diagnosed around 65 in early stage of renal (kidney) cancer and my Aunt who was diagnosed with renal cancer 25 years ago. My grandfather is once again, fighting cancer and seems to be losing this time. My father’s oldest brother and oldest sister died from cancer. They died when I was young so I don't know much about their type of cancer or what their daily lives were like. My father on the other hand was a smoker and was diagnosed with cancer when he was 38. He went thru chemo and radiation but it did not help. He passed within six months of being diagnosed with the cancer. I was working at a fast food place when I was in high school and one night I fell at work decided I was ok to stay. Until, later that night when I got home and started having really bad pain in my back. I then decided I needed to go to the emergency room and there they did test. My kidney...
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...BRAC UNIVERSITY SUMMER 2014 BTE 310: MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY DATE: 21.08.2014 ASSIGNMENT: LEUKEMIA SUBMITTED BY: Prateem Das ID: 12136014 BIOTECHNOLOGY, MNS SUBMITTED TO: ROMANA SIDDIQUE LECTURER MNS DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Introduction Leukemia is a type of cancer that results in the body making too many abnormal white blood cells. This uncontrolled production results in an excessive amount of white blood cells that may be immature (acute leukemia) or mature (chronic leukemia). The leukemic cells may not function well to fight infection and may interfere with the production of red blood cells (which carry oxygen) and platelets (which control bleeding). Normally, white blood cells play an important role in the body's natural defence system. They target and destroy foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria. White blood cells are made in the marrow (the spongy core) of your bones. Without healthy and functioning white blood cells, the body is at risk of developing severe and sometimes fatal infections. Different types of leukemia Acute leukemia develops within days to weeks, and large numbers of immature cells called "blasts" build up. These cells can't function as well as normal white blood cells, so people with acute leukemia are at a higher risk of infection. Because the body is so busy producing "blasts," it can't make as many red blood cells or platelets, which can cause anemia and bleeding disorders. Chronic leukemia...
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...| 2012 | | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Tawanda Bryant | [Leukemia and Lymphoma Society] | The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) is: Cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease and myeloma, and improves the quality of life of patients and their families. Providing free information and support services, Leukemia and Lymphoma funds lifesaving blood cancer research around the world. | LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY TAWANDA BRYANT 11410 COUNTY ROAD 20 BOLIGEE, AL 35443 (205) 336-9851 tbryant3030@yahoo.com LEADERSHIP and ORGANIZATIONAL MAR12 SEC AA March 9, 2012 INSTRUCTOR: SHAROLYN HERGOTT LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY I have picked this organization because my best friend passed away last year with leukemia and I wanted to find out more on this disease and what I can do to help. Been passionate and concern about not only her health but the health of her kids, my research will show why it is important to me as well as others. Having a passion for helping other in any way I can is what I am going for. I also like the face that I can somewhat relate to their illness and pain they endure within their life. I would love to find a quicker cure for these diseases, but I know others are working on something better. Having someone close to you with any type of disease, not just leukemia or lymphoma is hard to take in and understand. Having the ability to communicate, have critical thinking, collaboration, and the ability to problem solve is what I aim...
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...Advanced Pathophysiology Case Study 6 Case Study 6 Scenario: John is a 4 year-old boy who was admitted for chemotherapy following diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). He had a white blood cell count of 250,000. Clinical presentation included loss of appetite, easily bruised, gum bleeding, and fatigue. Physical examination revealed marked splenomegaly, pale skin color, temperature of 102°F, and upper abdomen tenderness along with nonspecific arthralgia. Pathophysiology signs and symptoms The primary pathophysiological etiology for signs, symptoms and laboratory findings in 4 year-old John’s case study are secondary splenomegaly as a result of primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Because of its proximity to the diaphragm, splenomegaly results in pain or fullness in the left upper abdomen (subsequent tenderness and loss of appetite) that may spread to the left shoulder (non-specific arthralgia). Splenomegaly may result in anemia (bruising, bleeding gums, decrease in pallor) fatigue and frequent infections (4 year old John’s WBC 250, 000 count and fever 102°F). However, in John’s case, some of the symptoms related to splenomegaly can also overlap with those of his diagnosis of ALL such as fever and abdominal distention. Additionally, anorexia, headache, seizures, lethargy, arthralgia, infection, and bruising are also potential side effects (Ghazi et al., 2010). Pathophysiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia-AML comparison According to Gedaly...
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...consumers (humans) those who consume them on a daily basis. How have these pesticides affected the health of the people who continually ingest them? Throughout the years, the physical health of people has been negatively impacted by the use of dangerous pesticides. To begin with the carcinogens found in pesticides have been linked to the development of various types of cancers. One type of cancer that seemed to have a presence among farmers who sprayed their crops with pesticides was cancer known as non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. This cancer is the most prevalent when relating to the people who administer the pesticides. Alavanja states that “Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is among the most widely studied cancers in relation to pesticide use. In reviews of the literature, Blair & Zahm (32, 34) reported that NHL has been linked with phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organochlorine pesticides, and organophosphate pesticides in analytical epidemiological studies”(Alavanja). This shows how many different types of these pesticides have been traced back to these chemicals that are found in something as simple as a Granny Smith apple. Alavanja also discusses other types of cancer that have been linked to the use of pesticides including Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, Soft-Tissue Sarcoma, Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, Ovarian...
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...Pathophysiology: Neoplasia and Renal System School of Nursing 1. Cancer Staging Cancer staging describes the severity of a person’s cancer based on the person’s initial tumor, and whether or not the cancer has metastasized (American Cancer Society, 2012, www.cancer.org). Knowledge of the stage is very important in that is can be used to explain prognosis to the patient, and can be used by the doctor and the patient to plan treatment. Staging of cancer is based on knowledge of the way in which cancer progresses in the body. Malignant cells grow and reproduce without any control or order, and they do not die when they should. In most cases the cancer cells will form a mass called a tumor. As the tumor grows it can invade tissues and organs that are close to it. The malignant cells can also break away from the tumor and enter the bloodstream (Lemone, 2004, p. 284). There are five common elements considered in most staging systems: site of the primary tumor, tumor size and number, lymph node involvement, cell type, and the presence or absence of metastasis. A common staging system is called TNM, which stands for Tumor, lymph Nodes, and Metastasis. When staging a number is added to each letter to indicate the size of the primary tumor and the extent of the cancer spread. (Lemone, 2004, p. 284) Infection, immunity and inflammation in cancer patients are all interrelated. They form what could be...
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...B-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 is a special type of proto-oncogene found on chromosome 18. Its product is an integral membrane protein (called BCL-2) located in the membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the nuclear envelope, and in the outer membranes of the Mitochondria. The gene was discovered as a trans located locus in B-cell Leukemia, and found also in most B-cell Lymphomas. In the cancerous B-cells, the amount of chromosome 18 holding the BCL-2 locus has undergone a reciprocal translocation with the portion of chromosome 14, holding the antibody heavy chain locus. This (14; 18) translocation places the BCL-2 gene close to the heavy chain gene enhancer. This enhancer is active in the B cells- whose job is to synthesize large amounts of the antibody-. So it is not very surprising to discover that the BCL-2 protein is expressed at high levels in these T (14; 18) cells. B-cells, like all activated lymphocytes, die after they have done their jobs. This makes sure they do not linger after the threat has...
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...Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers Week 8 Topic 8 Fever and Chills Beta-hemolytic streptococcus and Rheumatic fever signs/symptoms and lab findings (and Infective Endocarditis). Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma signs, symptoms, and lab findings Glomerulonephritis, mononucleosis Week 9 Topic 9 Respiratory...
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...Leukemia Society Outline 1. Introduction A. Definition of Leukemia B. How it affects the population C. The scale of population affected 2. Leukemia Society A. History of the society B. How it was formed C. Controversy 3. Factors that necessitated the formation of the organization A. To provide support to victims and families B. To provide funding for research on leukemia 4. Governance A. How is the organization governed B. Its mission C. How does the organization fulfill its mission 5. Personal views about the society A. The significance of the organization B. Importance to the society 6. Conclusion 7. A. summary of facts and arguments about the Leukemia society Leukemia Society Organization Introduction/ Disease Leukemia is a disease that is associated with the abnormal or immature white blood cells which are generally referred to as leukemia cells. These leukemia cells do not do the normal function of the white blood cells, which helps the organism to fight against body infections. Leukemia is also said to be the cancer of the body’s blood forming tissues such as the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of immature blood cells (white blood cells/leukocytes) becomes damaged in certain ways. Hence, these activities cause the blood cells grow and divide abnormally (Klosterman 26). In addition, abnormal blood cells do not die as easily as it is the custom...
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...Hyper-IgE syndromes, 2005). History The autosomal dominant HIES was first described in 1966 by Davis, Schaller and Wedgwood. They investigated a rare case of two red-haired girls with recurrent eczema, pneumonia and staphylococcal skin infections and referred to it as Job’s syndrome (Davis, Schaller, & Wedgwood, 1966). Later on, in 1972, Buckley et al. worked on a case of two boys presenting the same symptoms as well as eosinophilia, severe dermatitis and elevated serum IgE levels and referred to it as Buckley’s syndrome (Buckley, Wray BB, & Belmaker, 1972). Further research in the first case of the two girls confirmed that they also had high serum IgE levels and abnormalities in neutrophil chemotaxis suggesting that both Davis and Buckley were describing the same syndrome (Hill, et al., 1974). For many years the condition was only associated with the immune system. In 1999, Grimbacher et al., proved that autosomal dominant HIES also affects the skeletal and connective tissue in a study involving 30 patients with hyper-IgE syndrome and 70 of their relatives. The majority of the patients were presented with either recurrent bone fractures, scoliosis or hyperextensible joints (Grimbacher B. , et al., 1999). Even though the symptoms had been investigated the underlying cause of the condition was still unknown. In 2006, a case of a patient with mild HIES was investigated and...
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...In the book, Steingraber explains that investing in green energy will help prevent cancer, since synthetic chemicals linked to cancer come mostly from petroleum and coal. Saving the planet then becomes a matter of saving ourselves. The science in the text strengthens the case for banning poisons now pervasive in our air, our food, our water and our bodies. In this second edition of Living Downstream, Steingraber describes her experience of watchful waiting, the process of making a film adaptation and the latest scientific developments in the field of environmental cancer research. These developments are outlined in “six clear trends that have emerged in our understanding of the environment’s contribution to cancer.” Steingraber goes on to explain her personal and professional reasons for feeling hopeful, including the following two facts: First, we can do something about the environment’s influence on human cancer (unlike our genes, which we cannot alter). Second, the synthetic chemicals connected to cancer are largely derived from petroleum and coal; therefore, with investments in green energy we will investment in cancer prevention. The foreword concludes with the story of the “de-normalization” of smoking and a passionate call for the same precautionary approach to other known and suspected carcinogens. I myself do not smoke, but I am a victim of second hand smoke directly, because my mother smokes and has since I was born, (that is 22 years of second hand smoke). The...
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...From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on March 10, 2015. For personal use only. How I treat How I treat enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma Antonio Di Sabatino,1 Federico Biagi,1 Paolo G. Gobbi,1 and Gino R. Corazza1 1First Department of Medicine, Centro per lo Studio e la Cura della Malattia Celiaca, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a complication of celiac disease (CD). This tumor derives from the neoplastic transformation of aberrant intraepithelial T lymphocytes emerging in celiac patients unresponsive to a gluten-free diet. Poor adherence to a gluten-free diet, HLA-DQ2 homozygosity, and late diagnosis of CD are recognized as risk factors for malignant evolution of CD. Recurrence of diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, and night sweating should alert physicians to this complication. The suspicion of EATL should lead to an extensive diagnostic workup in which magnetic resonance enteroclysis, positron emission tomography scan, and histologic identification of lesions represent the best options. Treatment includes high-dose chemotherapy preceded by surgical resection and followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, although biologic therapies seem to be promising. Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet remains the only way to prevent EATL. (Blood. 2012;119(11): 2458-2468) Introduction Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic...
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...specifically strategies for coping and stress management in cancer patients as well as the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. According to Straub (2012), cancers can be divided into four types. The first and most common of these are carcinomas, which make up about 85 percent of all cancer that is diagnosed in adults (Straub, 2012). This type of cancer attack epithelial cells or the inner and outer surfaces of the body including the major organs and the skin (Straub, 2012). Because this accounts for such a large amount of the body it is no surprise that this is the most common cancer type. Second are sarcomas, which affect the muscles, bones and cartilage and account for only two percent of adult cancers (Straub, 2012). Next is lymphomas, which include cancers such as Hodgkin ’s disease, affecting the lymphatic system, specifically the lymph nodes...
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...mean? The term “organic” refers to the way agricultural products are grown and processed. Specific requirements must be met and maintained in order for products to be labeled as "organic." Organic crops must be grown in safe soil, have no modifications, and must remain separate from conventional products. Farmers are not allowed to use synthetic pesticides, bioengineered genes (GMOs), petroleum-based fertilizers, and sewage sludge-based fertilizers. Organic livestock must have access to the outdoors and be given organic feed. They may not be given antibiotics, growth hormones, or any animal-by-products. ------------------------------------------------- The benefits of organic food Organic foods provide a variety of benefits. Some studies show that organic foods have more beneficial nutrients, such as antioxidants, than their conventionally grown counterparts....
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