...RMIT International University Vietnam Bachelor of Business (Accountancy) Assignment Cover Page | Subject Code: |ACCT2163 | | | | |Subject Name: |Accounting Theory | | | | |Location & Campus (SGS or HN) where you study: |RMIT Vietnam | |Title of Assignment: |Individual assignment | | | | |Student name: |Pham Thanh Huong | |Student Number: |S3275153 | | | | |Teachers Name: ...
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...Compare the business culture of the UK with that of Japan. How would business negotiations between delegations from the two countries be affected, and how would you advise a UK team to prepare for the negotiations? *** [pic] From Eve to Izanami - How learning the Truth and the Way can help Westerners understand Japanese culture, as well as their own Introduction “Nihonjinron”, literally “the Theory of the Japanese”, has been of fascination for both Japanese and foreigners alike, and the industrialised world seems acutely aware that the Japanese are very different to Westerners, in ideology, religion, and business strategies. There are countless books, articles and websites which attempt to teach people how to communicate with the Japanese in business negotiations. However, these sources can cause further alienation, where the numerous rituals we have to memorise make the Japanese seem obsessively pernickety or just plain difficult. This may be because we naturally interpret these behaviours through the lens of a Western Christian culture and remain relatively unaware of the religion and history of the Japanese. This essay will examine how UK delegations can better understand and negotiate with the Japanese by learning about both the Japanese and their own national culture and history through literature, folktales and religion. Through this preparation a UK team can discover commonalties between the two cultures, which can help...
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...Compare the business culture of the UK with that of Japan. How would business negotiations between delegations from the two countries be affected, and how would you advise a UK team to prepare for the negotiations? *** [pic] From Eve to Izanami - How learning the Truth and the Way can help Westerners understand Japanese culture, as well as their own Introduction “Nihonjinron”, literally “the Theory of the Japanese”, has been of fascination for both Japanese and foreigners alike, and the industrialised world seems acutely aware that the Japanese are very different to Westerners, in ideology, religion, and business strategies. There are countless books, articles and websites which attempt to teach people how to communicate with the Japanese in business negotiations. However, these sources can cause further alienation, where the numerous rituals we have to memorise make the Japanese seem obsessively pernickety or just plain difficult. This may be because we naturally interpret these behaviours through the lens of a Western Christian culture and remain relatively unaware of the religion and history of the Japanese. This essay will examine how UK delegations can better understand and negotiate with the Japanese by learning about both the Japanese and their own national culture and history through literature, folktales and religion. Through this preparation a UK team can discover commonalties between the two cultures, which can help...
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...employees overcome verbal and nonverbal barriers as they travel to another country on short employment assignments. My employees will be traveling to Japan. The native Language for most people in the destination country, which is Japan, is much different from the business language English. Japan is located on Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan east of the Korean peninsula. Muslim Ummah of North America (n.d.) Japan landmarks have some of the large amount densely populated areas of the world. In addition, there is a great deal of Japan’s 125 million people live in multitude of cities along the coast. Most of Japan consists of mountains and hills. Japan has become a familiar leader in high technology electronics. Japan is an important producer of computers televisions, cameras, and audio equipment. Cultural dissimilarity effective communication has need of translating the basic values, motives, ambition, and supposition that operates across geographic lines. The Importance of Effective Communication (n.d) Therefore gave some theatrical differences across cultures in moving toward to such as time, space and privacy, the chance for mis-communication in cross-cultural situations that are abundant. ( The Importance of Effective Communication) The last visit that I made to Japan occurred while I worked for a Japanese company in the United States. I noticed that the Japanese staff gives details and only the conclusion to...
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...become more apparent. The connections and exchanges between the Japanese management team and the American workers throughout the film present examples for each of the five dimensions in Geert Hofstede’s cultural dynamics analysis: Individualism/Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Masculinity/Femininity, and the later added Long-term Orientation. I. Hofstede’s Cultural Dynamics The results from Hofstede’s analysis for the United States and Japan are in the following table. When comparing the two we see that the Americans have a highly individualistic, male reinforced, ambiguous, society with a slight hierarchy with a weak connection to tradition. Japan is highly male reinforced, high structure, hierarchy with a strong connection to tradition. The two are on opposite ends of the scale in each category, except for the Power Distance where they differ slightly. Hofstede’s Cultural Dynamics Scores U.S & Japan | Category | IDV | UAI | PDI | MAS | LTO | United States | 91 | 46 | 40 | 62 | 29 | Japan | 46 | 92 | 54 | 95 | 80 |...
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...Compare China and Japan in Accounting Standard and Recent Events, Which country is drifting further from Confucianism Introduction Chinese and Japanese accounting system has been influenced by Confucianism long time ago, but Bloom and Solotko(2003) proposed that because of the role of the government in the accounting system, both countries China and Japan has went far away from the Confucianism. In this report, the researchers will compare the accounting regulation and corporate governance in both countries, and get the conclusion which country is drifting further from the Confucian origins. This report has been divided into four parts. The first part will talk about the definition of the Confucianism and the implication of the Confucianism to both countries China and Japan. The second part is going to discuss the relationship between China accounting system and Confucianism; the third part will focus on the relationship between Japan accounting system and Confucianism. The last pat will compare the two accounting systems, and meanwhile get the conclusion which country has went further from the Confucianism. Definition of Confucianism Confucianism was founded by Confucius who is the Chinese philosopher and the first raised the Master of Ceremonies. The master of ceremonies gradually developed into the ideological system, which the core is the benevolence, and it’s in the hierarchical structure of society over 2000 years (XingZhong 2000). It exerts a far-reaching...
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...I will compare the cultural dimension of the United States and Japan. Japan is an island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the North Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan’s name mean “sun-origin”, which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the “Land of the Rising Sun”. Japan’s current population is estimated at 126.66 million including approximately two million foreign residents. More than half of the non-Japanese population is of Korean descent. Power Distance At a score of 54, Japan is a mildly hierarchical society. Yes, Japanese are always conscious of their hierarchical position in any social setting and act accordingly. However, it is not as hierarchical as most of the other Asian cultures. Some foreigners experience Japan as extremely hierarchical because of their business experience of thoroughly slow decision making process: all the decisions must be confirmed by each hierarchical layer and finally by the top management in Tokyo. Ironically, the exact example of their slow decision making process shows that in Japanese society there is no one top guy who can take decision like in more hierarchical societies. Compared to the United States everybody is unique and not equal and it expresses the attitude of the culture toward these power inequalities amongst us. Power distance...
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...and technological) would impact Cochlear’s global marketing mix. So far as we know Cochlear is one of Australia’s most successful ‘born global’ companies, with its core product of implantable hearing solutions. Still, it is unknown to the others how Cochlear works in Japan will. This research will be based on how the macro-environmental factors affect Cochlear’s global marketing mix. Cochlear can control their marketing mix, 4P based on the influence on uncontrollable factors like politics, economic, social, and technological. However, that’s not it there are more to covers when one doing global business. First of all, let’s look at the legal and political environment over Japan. Japan foreign policy practice a high security policy upon any risk they may face even for direct over sea investment or setting up firms in the country, every international company were put under an observation period before they can actually pull their profit from the country and take it elsewhere. (Suzuki, 2011) It is believe that, such precaution taken was to avoid disruptive activity to their financial environment, creating massive disturbance to local market. Therefore, in order to set up firm to operate their business in Japan, Cochlear have to get permission from the government and sign legal papers of agreement upon not extracting profit to other country for a period of time. Which also implies that, the company have to invest quite amount of money into the country and construct long-term orientated...
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...this report is to explore the cultural determinants of both Japan and United States. The report elucidates the differences between the two countries in terms of leadership styles as influenced by their respective different cultures. The reason in selecting Japan as one of the research countries is because of its deep rooted strong cultural beliefs and group centered style in a business perspective. It is well known to the world that Japan is a closed economy but at the same time, extremely competitive. On the other hand, United States make a good contrast in terms of its open culture and individualistic style of doing business. Despite the differences, both are amongst the most competitive and successful nations in the world. The compromising Japanese and confrontational Americans do make this research journey an exciting and interesting one. Different cultures exist in the world and their impact on leadership styles in their respective countries is significant. As defined by Luthans and Doh (2009, p96), “Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour.” And culture is gained through transmissions between individuals in forms of symbols, rituals, languages, stories told and etc. It will be interesting to find out that the countries’ cultures do in fact influence their leadership styles to quite a great extent. In this report, two entirely different cultures; Japan and United States will be explored in depth to provide a...
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...Case 3 Frank Thien Australia and New Zealand 1. Australia and New Zealand have different cultures than the others in Asia and it’s shown in GLOBE’s Humane-Orientation. New Zealand falls in the “Medium Humane-Oriented” category but other Asian countries are listed in the “most Human-Oriented” category. Looking at Hofstede and Masculinity in countries it shows Japan as high masculinity and New Zealand is low. In Asian countries they usually are more relationship oriented where Australia is the complete opposite. Another example is Australia is high in individualism and China and Japan are the opposite, they are collectivistic. 2. The Indonesian archipelago is unique in terms of extent and diversity. It has volcanic soils, yet other parts of the country contain resources like oil, natural gasses and coal. Indonesian countries are diverse in their weather also, some parts have heavy rains and monsoons while other parts have droughts that lead to famines. There’s a large imbalance of population distribution, 60% of Indonesians live on the main island called Java. 3. A characteristic of the Indonesian workplace profile is that Indonesian managers place value on harmony, understanding and mutual respect. Indonesian workers expect their supervisors to look after their interests like parents would and to be very accepting of this role. Bad news may be kept secret from the boss in the work place due to trying to save face and employees may simply ignore situations that they may find...
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...morals, laws, custom, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society” (Hill, 2011, p. 89). Another definition of culture comes from Geert Hofstede, expert on cross-cultural differences and management; he defines culture as “the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the member of one human group from another… Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture” (Hill, 2011, p. 89). Sociologists Zvi Namenwirth and Robert Weber view culture as a system of ideas that constitute a design for living (Hill, 2011, p. 89). Ultimately all the above definitions combine to show culture is made up of values, “ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable”, and norms, “social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations” (Hill, 2011, p. 89). Culture Components and Business Business Etiquette Business Etiquette from culture to culture differs, for example between the United States and Japan. Business cards are a big deal in Japan and how you present it can be the difference in how you are perceived. In a meeting in the United States if you pass your business card around the table or just leave it for the person it is acceptable and it will normally only be printed on one side. However, when in Japan you want to be sure your card is printed with English and Japanese, present it to the person by holding it with both hands, Japanese side up, to the...
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...possibilities for entering the Asian market, Japan is a likely choice because of the automobile manufacturing already in place in that country. Also, it would be good fit because our component would be a major benefit to improving their engines in Japan’s growing heavy-duty truck market. There is a large and skilled workforce and many facilities are in place that could possibly be utilized for our business. B. The issues our company would face are varied because of the nature of the Japanese culture. The first meeting will not be a meeting to close the deal, but will most importantly be essential to obtaining a second meeting. We will need to build a relationship and that takes many steps. Our partners in Japan will want to know that we are a reliable firm before they do business with us and they will want to know that each of us as individuals are reliable and have integrity before giving us business. Japan is considered a Confuscion based society and therefore has certain expectations that will need to be met in opening our negotiations. To alleviate unnecessary complications with communication we should consider hiring the expertise of a mentor who has lived and worked in Japan and understands the culture. It will be imperative that anyone involved in the business relationship be required to study the history as well as the current affairs of Japan. That would include learning about the current relations between the US and Japan and also learning about Japan’s political...
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...here to add Website to your Favorites List Japan | IntroductionJapan has a population of approximately 125 million people packed tightly into a rather small geographic area. The official language in Japan is Japanese. Japanese is spoken only in Japan. The literacy rate in Japan is very close to 100 percent and 95 percent of the Japanese population has a high school education.Japan’s form of government is parliamentarian democracy under the rule of a constitutional monarch. The Prime Minister is the chief government officer. The dominant religion is Shinto, which is exclusive to Japan. However, the Japanese have no official religion.Culturally, the Japanese tend to be somewhat introverted in their ways. They generally are not receptive to outsiders. When conducting business in Japan relationships and loyalty to the group is critical for success. | | Fun Fact | The Japanese tend to be rather direct in their questioning of foreigners. You may be asked personal questions such as how much money do you earn or how large is your house? | Geert Hofstede Analysis Japan | Click Here for Geert Hofstede country scores | The Geert Hofstede analysis for Japan is dramatically different from other Asian Countries such as Hong Kong, Korea or China. In Japan Masculinity is the highest characteristic. The lowest ranking factor is Individualism, which coincides with their high ranking in Uncertainty Avoidance. Japan is a more collectivist culture that avoids risks...
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...Geert Hofstede said “culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another.” Culture is an important factor in Business, cultures will differ from one another and its hard to compare, this makes it difficult for managers of multinationals to be able to be knowledgeable about these cultures and how they can put this into practice when dealing with organisational structures and processes. From a young age a child will start to develop work related values, this can be picked up from their parents and each child’s values will depend upon their culture. From this the child will then grow up and enter the working world with their values still being used, this can cause clashes within business as different cultures will have different values. Originally working for IBM, Hofstede sent out a questionnaire to 117,000 people. The aim of the questionnaire was that they wanted to find out how to manage subsidiaries and how culture impacted this. IBM was aiming to find out if they had to be different. In Hofstedes original theory he developed four dimensions; Indivusalism/Collectivism, Masculinity, Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance. Individualism is the extent to which people define themselves as individuals or part of a larger group, which would normally come under as countries such as the United States. Individualism consisted of decision-making, reward systems, ethics and organisational concern....
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...Mexico: Cultural Analysis This paper is a cultural analysis of the Mexican culture through the lens of the 5-D Model developed by Professor Geert Hofstede. The five dimensions of the model include: Power Distance (PDI), Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV), Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), and Long term versus short term orientation. In recent years a sixth dimension named Indulgence versus Restraint has been added. There are no rankings for this dimension as it has only been recently added and researched (Hofstede, 2012). This Model gives one an important tool for gaining insights into given cultures which can improve business opportunities and interactions (International business etiquette, manners and culture, 2012). Power Distance Index (PDI) is the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The issue is how a society handles inequalities. Mexico, ranking 81on the PDI, is a hierarchical society. Regionally, Mexico ranks higher on PDI than the United States (rank 39) and Canada (rank 40), whose ranks indicate that their cultures strive to equalize the distribution of power and demand justification for inequalities of power. Globally, however, countries vary greatly in PDI, (average PDI rank of 60; Clearly Cultural, 2012). One must consider the PDI rank when doing business with a given country in a certain region. For example, Mexican businesses hoping to successfully...
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