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Homeland Security Policy

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For years the United States has had to confront the unfortunate reality of terrorism. From organized groups to rogue individuals, there has always been and will always be someone who seeks to carry out violence against the innocent. The motive to carry out terror often varies; sometimes it is done to effect political, religious, or ideological change, and other times it is done out of pure spite or hatred. Regardless of motive, the consequences of terrorist attacks can be horrific. The images of September 11th, 2001 are seared into the mind of every American. This day radically changed the way the United States approached antiterrorism policy. The Department of Homeland Security was formed, billions of dollars were committed to combat terrorism …show more content…
This paper will seek to synthesize some of the existing literature and current debates surrounding this topic. In doing so, it is essential to discuss some of the most relevant concepts, evaluate the strengths and limitations of some of the key arguments, and incorporate appropriate data to support the arguments being made. All of these factors will allow one to understand the crux of the debate and its implications for the future. One of the central themes throughout the articles was concerning the cost that terrorism imposes on the defending government and how they respond to it. Targeted governments must decide how to best allocate resources to thwart terrorism (Enders and Sandler 829). This can come in the form of either passive or active policies. Passive responses include hardening targets against explosives, instituting stricter laws or penalties, setting up barriers, or installing security cameras. Active responses, on the other hand, include retaliatory raids, preemptive strikes, or covert actions (ibid). For passive responses in particular, the debate over whether or not they are worth cost stems largely from a disagreement over their effectiveness in protecting the …show more content…
To apply this approach, they utilize the case of aviation security measures, one of the most controversial and highly publicized aspects of heightened security after 9/11. Mueller and Stewart found that the total economic costs of airline security measures was twice the amount of direct public expenditure due to the fact that government would have to obtain resources through the tax system, or perhaps inflation, which would impose indirect costs on the economy in the form of resource misallocation (Stewart and Mueller 157). Additionally, they found that the only two effective antiterrorism measures adopted after 9/11 were strengthening the cockpit doors and passengers learning that they needed to fight back instead of assuming that terrorists were going to take them hostage (Stewart and Mueller 158). But this may not paint the whole picture. Enders and Sandler found in their research that metal detectors at airports were successful in decreasing skyjackings and overall terrorist threats due to lack of credibility (842). Eller and Gerber criticize Mueller and Stewart of oversimplifying the issue and serving solutions which appeal to their own ideological predisposition of less government spending (Eller and Gerber

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