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Hong Kong Social Security

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A. Introduction

Hong Kong has been transformed from a city of poor migrants in the 1960s to one of the most affluent and influential cities in the world in the 21st century. Despite Hong Kong's impressive economic achievements, many people remain poor, especially the elderly. Increasingly also there are single parent families, the sick and disabled, and the unemployed. A group which experiences sever difficulties is new immigrants from China. These families suffer considerable hardship. As a result, Social Security becomes an important issue in Hong Kong.

Social Security is societal and collective measures to provide financial and psychological security to people of the community against certain risk in and contingencies of life, especially when certain life-risk and contingencies can hardly be resolved by individuals' effort. The typical examples are retirement, accidents, misfortune, maternity, illness, death, poverty, disability etc.

One of the aspects of social security measures is income protection at times of poverty, especially provide support for the immediate needs of the people. Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) in Hong Kong is an example. Social security can also diversify the risks and redistribute the resources within the society. It functions as a social insurance scheme. Attaining the goal of mutual help. Furthermore, social security likes a retirement scheme distributing the resources over one's lifetime. The Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) and Central Provident Fund (CPF) are the typical examples.

B. Background of Social Security in Hong Kong In the early stage, the voluntary bodies, largely religious bodies and charity organizations provided pubic assistance to those poor people. However, in 1948, the extreme levels of poverty and destitution make the inaction impossible, such organizations could not deal with the

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