...refresh. Individuals who worked longer hours voluntary sacrifice sleep duration in order to meet job demands as well as family and social commitments which produce stress and lack of relaxation. A cross-sectional studies conducted in Australia, the US, Europe, and Asia has found that short sleep is associated with an increased risk of obesity. The studies that follow up participants for several years demonstrated that short sleep produce weight gain in the participants. 2.- Which imbalance the hormones levels to produce obesity? People with short sleep have low caloric intake and expenditure, given that sleep deprivation often leads to changes in the structure of sleep stage and results in fatigue, daytime sleepiness, somatic and cognitive problems, and low activity levels. Previous studies indicate that sleep deprivation results in changes in levels of several hormones including leptin, ghrelin, insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone. These hormonal changes may contribute to energy imbalance and then lead to overweight or obesity. 3.-Which are others health risk factors from being overweight? Obesity predicts a broad range of health risks, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), early mortality, and lower quality of life. The...
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...the brain, and improves the efficiency of oxygen use in the body. Also, as lung tissue becomes more elastic and the surrounding muscle more flexible, the practice of pranayama can also increase lung capacity. Getting ample air into our lungs helps us feel alert and focused. • Asanas (postures) -- provide a gentle-to-intense workout that enhances strength, flexibility, and balance. Some asanas are designed to massage the internal organs, improve circulation, hormone function, digestion, and other body processes. • Meditation -- stills the mind and induces both physical and emotional relaxation. In so doing, it reduces blood pressure, chronic pain, anxiety, and cholesterol levels. The benefits of yoga Yoga improves fitness, lowers blood pressure, promotes relaxation and self-confidence, and reduces stress and anxiety. People who practice yoga tend to have good coordination, posture, flexibility, range of motion, concentration, sleep habits, and digestion. Yoga is a complementary therapy that has been used with conventional therapies to help treat a wide range of health problems, but it is not a...
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...Assignment | Rohit Jayal | 11/20/13 | XI-C | | Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Psychological Models 4 Medical Model 5 Mediators and moderators of panic disorder 6 Substance abuse 7 Diagnosis 8 Treatment 9 Psychotherapy 10 Medication 11 Other treatments 12 Epidemiology. 13 Panic disorder in juveniles 14 Case Study. Definition Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurring severe panic attacks. It may also include significant behavioural changes lasting at least a month and of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks. The latter are called anticipatory attacks (DSM-IVR). Panic disorder is not the same as agoraphobia (fear of public places), although many afflicted with panic disorder also suffer from agoraphobia. Panic attacks cannot be predicted, therefore an individual may become stressed, anxious or worried wondering when the next panic attack will occur. Panic disorder may be differentiated as a medical condition, or chemical imbalance. The DSM-IV-TR describes panic disorder and anxiety differently. Whereas anxiety is preceded by chronic stressors which build to reactions of moderate intensity that can last for days, weeks or months, panic attacks are acute events triggered by a sudden, out-of-the-blue cause: duration is short and symptoms are more intense. Panic attacks can occur in children, as well as adults. Panic in young people may be particularly distressing because children tend to...
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...activity. Secondly, stressful and pressure from working and studying are also the reasons cause US citizens rapidly becoming more obese. “The release of stress-fighting hormones is inhibited by diets high in fats and non-complex carbohydrates. The body's attempt to self-regulate hormonal imbalances, created by stress, results in food cravings for high-fat, non-complex carbohydrate foods. Stress hormones maintain the stress response at a heightened level of alert, resulting in the formation of surplus fat cells, blood pressure elevation and salt retention when unmanaged stress persists.” according to Greco Kathy. Some peoples might think stress not gonna affect obesity, however, it is. With stressful plus long hours working or studying make people feel tired, exhausted, the body's attempt to self-regulate hormonal imbalances, then the body will be hungry and the result is consumed high calories fat food. Gradually, for a long time people storing more fat and leads to obesity. Furthermore, the income and occupation also the factors contribute to obese. According to Keating Joshua: “The real culprit is anxiety about money and jobs. In other words, citizens with more economic stress tend to supersize their fries. This new research published by the American Medical Association on recession obesity, the tendency of waistlines to grow along with unemployment numbers.” As you see fast food stores and convenience stores with wonderful...
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...Alcoholism Bio/210 November 30, 2014 Alcoholism is an elusive condition. The American Medical Association labeled it as a disease in 1956 explaining that it has both mental and physical components. Alcoholics Anonymous declares alcoholics have a spiritual, physical, and, mental malady. Regardless, alcoholism affects around 14 percent of the U.S. population, and the consequences of its abuse can be fatal. Because alcoholism affects the whole body with symptoms including, depression, anxiety, cirrhosis, and heart failure, it is vital that researchers strive to find better treatment options, and legislation continues to protect the public from its devastating consequences. Alcoholism and Health Complications Physiology Alcoholism has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), alcohol abuse contributed to 88,000 deaths in this country from 2006-2010. The health-related consequences can be short-term, including traffic accidents, alcohol poisoning, minor injuries, or sexually transmitted diseases. Many alcoholics, however, will suffer long-term chronic health conditions (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). In the cardiovascular system, excessive consumption strains the heart which may lead to irregular heartbeat, inflammation, and weakening of the heart muscle which puts the individual at risk for deterioration of the liver. High blood pressure as the result of a magnesium deficiency affects blood...
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...There has been a moment in every one’s life where short-term feelings of sorrow and sadness may arise out of the blue or on occasion. It is when those emotions and feelings become more prevalent and lengthy in duration that the National Institute of Mental Health (2011) may clinically diagnose a person with depression. A diagnosis of depression can only be made if the feelings of sadness begin to “interfere with daily life and causes pain” for the individual and those who care about him or her. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (2015) identifies the symptoms that are typically associated with depression and they include feelings of being “discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or disinterested in life in general.” Depression presents itself in a similar fashion across the board with varying degrees of intensity in which it is then classified according to its different forms. For example the two major forms include 1) major and 2) persistent. If an individual is experiencing major depressive disorder it can occur either once or multiple times in their lifetime in which all five previously listed symptoms have interfered with daily life (NIMH, 2011) for at least 2 weeks. Conversely, when an individual’s depressive episode continues for at least 2 years, it has transformed into persistent depressive disorder (NIMH, 2011). Persistent disorder is also known as dysthymia and it consists of the same major depression symptoms and may occur with symptoms that are low...
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...Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Ann Bacon Psy/410 Abnormal Psychology October 24, 2011 Kristi Lane University of Phoenix Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology What is abnormal psychology? Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with behaviors that are not considered normal as well as psychological phenomena such as dreams and altered mental states, which have not been explained. The goal of this branch of psychology is to understand abnormal behavior as well as to determine how and if the behavior needs to be addressed and to develop a treatment plan that will help individuals. This branch of psychology also recognizes that there are many influences such as environmental influences on psychological development. The goal of many mental health professionals is not to force an individual to achieve normality but to help individuals who struggle with mental and emotional disorders to achieve fulfilling and active lives. However, to completely understand what abnormal psychology is we need to understand the origins of abnormal psychology as well as the challenges of defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior. It is also important to understand how abnormal psychology evolved into a scientific discipline as well as the different viewpoints or models of abnormal psychology. The following paragraphs will hopefully help us to completely understand the branch of abnormal psychology. Origins of Abnormal Psychology The field of...
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...Fatigue, depression, and anxiety are also symptoms of Adrenal Fatigue Syndrome (AFS), where the adrenal glands have become dysregulated and their cortisol output is either too high (during the earlier stages) or too low (during the more advanced stages). In the larger picture, the adrenal glands are only one part of one of the six circuits involved in the NeuroEndoMetabolic (NEM) Stress Response, which is the body’s global response to stress. These six circuits are: the hormone, the metabolism, the cardionomic, the neuroaffect, the inflammation, and the detoxification responses. Chronic stress can cause imbalances in all six circuits, with the adrenal glands bearing most of the brunt and then negatively affecting the rest of the hormonal and...
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...Eating Binge eating disorder (BED) is the underlying cause of major health issues such as Digestive and Psychological problems. Binge eating is characterized by voracious cravings that can arise any time. BED causes stresses the organs and body causing a disastrous decline in health This disease occurs in 1>35 adults in the U.S. This translates to 3-5% of women (about 5 million) and 2 % of men (3 million). Although eating disorders are typically twice as common in women, BED seems to be an “equal opportunity” disorder, with 40% occurrence in men. Data also indicates the BED does not discriminate against race (Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2013). Binge eating causes notable consequences such as digestive issues, a hormonal imbalance and psychological problems. For instance, excessive eating causes severe digestive disorders and left untreated will not only continue to result in overeating, but could also lead to sickness and even disease. When we have poor digestion, we don't get adequate energy from our food. This is mainly because it doesn't fully break down, so we eat more, attempting to obtain the energy from food. As a result, we have even less energy because we’ve binged or consumed food we couldn't digest. Bloating, feeling heavy, pain, heartburn and gas are all signs of poor digestion. Also feeling tired after a meal is a sign of poor digestion. When food is properly digested it initially gives us a feeling of relaxation, but shortly thereafter you...
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...Abnormal Psychology Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. It seeks to comprehend people by understanding mental functions and social behavior. It also explores neurobiological and physiological processes that can drive cognitive functions and behaviors. It is this drive to understand mental processes that pushes psychologists to want to learn about what is normal and abnormal behavior. People have tried for thousands of years to understand and define abnormal behavior. In the past 100 years it has undergone “tremendous change, progress, and controversy”(Hansell, J & Damour, L., 2009, p.3). Throughout the modifications certain principles have remained which are known as the core concepts. These core concepts are what define abnormal behavior. There is no clear precise definition for abnormal, which gives rise to challenges in classifying abnormal and normal behavior. Abnormal psychology is a scientific discipline, in which a person acquires information on a person’s behavior and then measures the behavior to hypothesize a cause and treatment. There is a core concept that says that there are multiple causes to abnormal behavior, understanding this can lead to learning about and treating abnormal behavior. These multiple causes can be comprehended by learning about the psychosocial, biological, and sociocultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal behavior. Abnormal The study of abnormal behavior began early in time when people tried to explain...
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...releasing neurons (p. 11). The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland that is responsible for regulating sleep, body temperature, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions. In homeostatic conditions, the hypothalamus releases neuropeptide, orexin into the blood stream. However, narcolepsy is caused by the homeostatic imbalance where the hypothalamus...
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...Elena Smith Professor John Wells English 112 25 February 2015 Many individuals would argue that there are many causes for depression. Before getting into some of the contributing factors, many statistics show us that depression is hereditary and if your mother and father suffered from depression, then you yourself may find that you are more likely to be diagnosed as well ( Berger, Joshua L. 5). Clinical depression, also known as major depression or depression is defined as a mood disorder that may occur only once in an individual’s lifetime or in groups of episodes that typically last anywhere from 9 to 16 months ( Berger, Joshua L. 8). Statistics show that depression is hereditary and can be passed down from generation to generation.. This is an argumentative topic that I feel must be brought into the open as not many people who suffer from it realize that they are actually going through it and just how serious it can be. Those who are fortunate to have people to talk to have an opportunity to help themselves, but there are many who do not even know of the existence of this illness. With this paper, I aim to show how depression differs from the sadness or gloom everyone goes through at some periods in their lives. Along with that, I also aim to argue that depression is not at all uncommon and as extraordinary as people feel and think it to be, as statistics argue that 1 out of 4 individuals will suffer from depression at some point in their life (Barglow, Peter, M...
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...conceive a child. Luckily with advancements in testing and diagnostic procedures it is now known that there is an equal chance of the capability of both non-obstructive and obstructive Azoospermia men to conceive child through IVF treatments. What is the treatment for Azoospermia? Is there hope for those men with Azoospermia? Does the diagnosis of Azoospermia rule out the chances of ever conceiving a child? Although diagnostic testing, treatment, surgery, and ultimately IVF may be emotionally and financially draining, the outlook for men with infertility problems is increasingly looking better. There are many factors that can affect the fertility of a man. They can range from environmental factors which you can avoid, to hormonal and genetic...
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...a psychopath or sociopath they think of a person who is violent and has a lack of guilt. These traits are both true. But, a psychopath has many more characteristics that people see with the naked eye. Most psychopaths are anti-social and do not relate to others as normal people do. They usually plan out their violent attacks with no emotion or sympathy to what they do. To some people they get the tags “emotionless,” “fearless,” and “unstoppable.” The reason that psychopaths do not fear anything is because they somehow lack anxiety and feel that nothing matters to them. It is also hard to say what motivates a psychopath, could it be control or dominance possibly, but most psychopaths have had no long relationships with anyone in their lives or any purpose for the things they do other than planning violence. They tend to have a grandiose demeanor and an attitude of entitlement like other people owe them something. Certain brain disorders and hormonal imbalances make a person become a psychopath. There are four different types of psychopaths. First, there are primary psychopaths. This type of person does not respond to any type of punishment, apprehension, stress, or disapproval for the things that they do. For a primary psychopath, words to not connect to them like words would for a normal person. It is also unclear to scientist if they even understand the meaning of their own words and this is a condition known as “semantic aphasia.” These psychopaths have no life plan and are...
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...Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a number of symptoms including but not limited to: psychotic episodes, impaired social cognitive ability and varied levels of depression and withdrawal, can greatly impair. Therefore, it not only can cause a person to limit interaction with family and friends, but also significantly impacts social interaction with his or her peers, fellow workers, and/or people within general society. It is therefore understandable that people who experience schizophrenia often lack adaptation skills, suffer from cognitive deficits and also encounter the criminal justice system more frequently (BioMed central, 2010). However, several studies and hypotheses indicate a relationship between human development, family environment and relationships and the propensity for psychotic episodes and/or deficient levels of self-care and functionality within the social sphere of participation. Accordingly, this paper will examine schizophrenia, its definition and parameters, how child development influences its outcomes and how deficient socialization and cognitive abilities play key roles regarding outcomes. According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria; a schizophrenia diagnosis requires the patient to have at least two of the following symptoms for at least a one month period these symptoms include, “Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonia or disorganized behavior and/or other negative symptoms including the blunting of affect,” (Kalapatupa and...
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