...Approach in Rural Road Construction for the Sustainable Development of Nepal Abhiman Das Mulmi Department of Roads Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of Nepal Babarmahal, Kathmandu, India Tel: 977-01-980-3483-776 Abstract Transport infrastructure provides a basis for economic activities in the rural areas in the long term. But the environment consequences cannot be neglected only foreseeing long term economic benefit. Difficult topography and unstable geology make the road construction difficult in the rural hills of Nepal. Beside, the predominantly absolute poverty in the region realizes the essence of the appropriate approach in the rural road construction. With its approach of constructing rural roads considering environment and rural poverty alleviation measures, Green road approach is proving to be a sustainable way of constructing rural roads. Environment friendly construction techniques, participatory and decentralization approach, optimum utilization of local resources, simple technology, local capacity building and self help efforts justified Green road approach as a best way of constructing rural roads in hill districts of Nepal. The study analyze the different aspects of green roads in Nepal on the basis of the basic themes define in the dictionary of the sustainable development. Keywords: Sustainable, Environment, Participatory, Green roads, Poverty alleviation 1. Introduction Nepal is a predominantly a mountainous country with about 77% of its area...
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...Introduction This article analyzes and assesses the current status of living-standards in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and examines emerging trends. The discussion concentrates on access, labor law, wage rate of workers, private enterprise, and future prospects of living-standards of workers in each country. Seven South Asian countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—launched the economic and political organization SAARC on 8 December 1985. Afghanistan joined it in April 2007. SAARC provides a platform for working together in a spirit of friendship, trust, and understanding to accelerate economic and social development, including education, in South Asian countries. Human resource development is one of five areas of cooperation agreed on by the member countries. In terms of population, the SAARC region covers nearly 1,500 million people, one of the largest such regional organizations. SAARC countries share certain common social and economic problems, including those related comparison between wage rate and living-standards of workers. Raising wages: an urgent imperative A wage that's enough to meet basic needs and to provide some discretionary income - what's not to like? In the past decade, retailers and brands have made some progress in getting their suppliers to pay their workers their statutory entitlements - in other words, the prevailing minimum wage plus any pension contributions, sickness...
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...100038, China wangxiaolu@neri.org.cn Wing Thye Woo Economics Department University of California Davis, California 95616, USA wtwoo@ucdavis.edu and School of Finance Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing, China December 25, 2010 revision This article is part of a research project of the Chinese Research Society for Economic System Reform. We thank the many individuals and organizations who made this project possible. We also thank the readers of the earlier Wang (2007) study and of earlier drafts of this report for their valuable comments. We are solely responsible for the remaining mistakes in this article. 1 The Size and Distribution of Hidden Household Income in China Xiaolu Wang and Wing Thye Woo Abstract Official Chinese data on urban household income are seriously flawed because of significant underreporting of income by respondents and non-participation by the high income groups in official household surveys. We collected urban household income and expenditure data in a way that increased their reliability and the coverage of the rich. We utilized the well-known relationship between Engel’s coefficient and income level through two different approaches to deduce the true level of household income for each of the seven Chinese income categories (lowest income, low income, lower middle income, middle income, upper middle income, high income, and highest income). We found that the ratio of our estimated income to official income increased...
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... | |03. |Mahmudur Rahman Polash |141 64 015 | |04. |Md. Mohsin Alam |132 64 001 | |Section: 01 | Date of Submission: 28-03-2015 Letter of Transmittal March 28, 2015 Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed Course Instructor BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of report on “Human Development of Bangladesh” Dear Sir, With due respect & humble submission, we the students of M.B.A. Spring 2015, are submitting the report on “Human Development of Bangladesh”. It gives us immense pleasure to inform you that we have completed the report under your kind hearted direct supervision. Now, we have placed this report before you for your approval. We hope that our report will satisfy you. Sincerely yours, ………………………… RubaiyaBinte Mustafa ID: 14164005 ………………………… Sigma Sharmeen KhanPrema ID: 14164010 …………………………. Mahmudur Rahman Polash …………………………... Md. Mohsin Alam ID: 13264001 Acknowledgement At first we would like to thank Almighty...
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...South Asia Disaster Report 2007 Chapter 13 Other Man made Disasters Introduction Man made disasters cover a wide range of events created largely due to accidents, negligence or sometimes even by human design, which result in huge loss of lives and property every year in South Asia. These include road, rail, river, marine and aviation accidents, oil spill, building and bridge collapse, bomb blast, industrial and chemical accidents etc. These also include the threats of nuclear, biological and chemical disasters. At present there is no organized system for collecting data on man made disasters. EM-DAT does collect data on some technological disasters, but these do not cover the complete range of information on man made disasters. As per EM-DAT sources a total of only 21 technological disasters had affected the countries of South Asia killing 569 people, but road accidents alone had reportedly killed more than 135,000 people which is several times more than the total number of persons killed due to natural disasters. Table 12.1 Technological disasters in South Asia in 2007 (Appendix-VI). Country Number of incidents Number of Persons Killed Afghanistan 1 40 Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Total 1 13 3 2 1 21 41 362 61 65 569 Source: EM-DAT, The CRED International Disaster Database As per estimate by World Health Organisation (WHO) by 2020 the road crash injuries will be the third highest threat to public health...
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...UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION CONCEPT The term ‘Industrial Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Industry’ and ‘Relations’. “Industry” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” | | | | The term industrial relations explain the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The term industrial relations have a broad as well as a narrow outlook. Originally, industrial relations were broadly defined to include the relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations cover all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Now its meaning has become more specific and restricted. Accordingly, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective...
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...helped and supported us a lot and without it we could not complete the project properly. We also like to thank our team members as all of them devoted their full support and cooperation and gave valuable time to the project work. Finally we are very grateful to our course instructor “Ms. Nasira Siddika” who inspired and suggested us to do the project, and helped us in every possible way. The team is very thankful to her and honors to have “Ms. Nasira Siddika” as an instructor. August 06, 2010 Ms. Nasira Siddika (NSd) Faculty Member, School of Business North South University Sub: Letter of Transmittal Respected Mam, It is indeed a great pleasure to have the opportunity to submit the project paper. We have prepared this project report in accordance with the instructions given by you. Our topic is “How the management system is applied in ‘BRAC Bank” We think that, working on this topic was very interesting and we have explored something remarkable through our project. This project is to describe our observation, learning and recommendation based on the knowledge and experience gained during the course. So, all of our...
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...A Project Report On “A Market Survey of Consumer Durables Product of Samsung Electronics Ltd” Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) 2007-2010 Project Guide Submitted By Mr.Jagat Jyoti Barua Vaibhav Bansal Lecturer,MAIMS Enrollment No. : 0411471707 BBA (Gen) VI Semester Sec A Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi PSP Area, Plot No.!, Sector 22, Rohini Delhi 110086 Student Declaration This is to certify that I have completed the Project titled “A Study Of Consumer Durable Market For Samsung Electronics Ltd” under the guidance of “Mr. Jagat Jyoti barua” in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the award of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration at Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies, Delhi. This is an original piece of work and I have not submitted it earlier elsewhere. Vaibhav Bansal 0411471707 BBA (Gen) VI semester Sec A CERTIFICATE This is to certify Project titled “A Market Survey of Consumer Durables Product of Samsung Electronics Ltd” is an academic work done by “Vaibhav Bansal” submitted in the...
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...DEVELOPMENT FINANCE & ITS ROLE IN RURAL AREAS TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY 2010 M. MOBASHAR ALI & RANA RASHID REHMAN STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN-BANKING SERVICES CORPORATION SIALKOT 9/3/2010 Contents INTRODUCTION 4 LITRATURE REVIEW 4 REVIEW OF POVERTY IN PAKISTAN 6 SBP INITIATIVES IN TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT FINANCE 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF DEVELOPMENT FINANCE GROUP 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRICULTURE FINANCE DIVISION 9 PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS 10 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE PROGRAMS CURRENTLY IN OPERATION 11 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) 11 RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (RSP) 11 AGA KHAN RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (AKRSP) 11 SARHAD RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM 12 NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (NRSP) 12 ROLE IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION 12 TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF FINANCE TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION 14 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE SUCCESS STORIES 15 CONCLUSION 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 Figure 1 8 Figure 2 10 Figure 3 10 Figure 4 13 Table 1 7 Table 2 7 Table 3 9 Table 4 10 Table 5 13 INTRODUCTION Development Finance is the offering of financial services to the entrepreneurial poor that contributes finally to the economic growth. Although the most notable of these services is the provision of credit, many other offerings are a part of Development Finance including credit for business activities and credit for emergency and for the fulfillment of life cycle needs. Many Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) give finance for...
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...MAHESHWARI & CO. Advocates & Legal Consultants An Overview on Indian Real Estate Prepared by:Mr. Ashish Mittal (Associate) Ms. Khusboo Bhargava, 5 Year, (BBA. LL.B. (Hons.)) th MAHESHWARI & CO. Advocates & Legal Consultants INDEX Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Particulars An Introduction to Investment in Indian Real Estate …………… Indian Residential Real Estate ……………………………………... Indian Commercial Real Estate ……………………………………. Challenges Faced By Real Estate Sector & Sectors Facilitating Growth ………………………………………………………………... 4.1 4.2 5. Retail Sector Special Economic Zone 9-12 Page No. 1- 4 5-6 6-7 7-8 FDI ……………………………………………………………………. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 FDI Projects Current Scenario FDI Guidelines For Application In Sector Sector Where FDI is not allowed FDI V/s FII 6. NRI Investment In Indian Real Estate …………………………... 6.1 6.2 6.3 Acquisition /Transfer of Immovable Property by POI Repatriation of Sale Proceed by NRI/POI Investment by Foreign Companies 12-15 7. 8. Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) & Major Foreign Investors In Real Estate Sector ……………………………………………….. Model Real Estate Law …………………………………………….. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Establishment of Real Estate Regulatory Authority Registration of Property Promoters Powers of Regulatory Authority12 Establishment of Appellant Tribunal Offences And Penalties Analysis of the Act 15-17 18-19 9. Legislative Issues …………………………………………………… 9.1 9.2 Various Laws In Real Estate Transaction Five Group of Laws in real...
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...ASA University Review, Vol. 4 No. 1, January–June, 2010 Housing Real Estate Sector in Bangladesh Present Status and Policies Implications Suborna Barua* Ali Haider Al Mamun Mridha** Rezwanul Huque Khan** Abstract The real estate sector is the growth centre for the development of an economy. Bangladesh, being one of the densely populated nations in the world, has been experiencing severe of houses shortage for its citizens. Although majority of the population is segmented into the middle and the low income groups, still housing for all 1has been a fallacy in Bangladesh. The private sector housing real estate developers have met a small proportion of the national housing demand in the last more than twenty years. The gap between demand and supply is still joy wide. Despite inadequate policy preparations, these real estate developers have been successfully making business although the middle and the low income households are still untapped. With the larger proportion of people living in this income group, the private housing real estate sector has a huge scope to grow in this country. The positive notion is supported by many key indicators such as increasing house rent, inadequate and costly land, easier financing availability and more. To pave the way for the organic development of the industry, the problem of long existent inadequate financing availability at lower burden of terms and costs must have to be removed immediately, and wider scope has to be created for Non-Resident...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 60155-BD Introducing Energy-efficient Clean Technologies in the Brick Sector of Bangladesh June, 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized Environment, Climate Change, and Water Resources Unit South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC, 20433, USA Tel: 202.473.1000 Fax: 202.477.6391 Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA Fax: 202.522.3018 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 2011 Copyright © 2011 Standard Disclaimer This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) reports are published to communicate the results of ESMAP’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, its affiliated organizations, members of its board of executive directors for the countries they represent, or to ESMAP. The World Bank and ESMAP do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence...
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...CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR VARANASI (JNNURM) Municipal Corporation, Varanasi Final Report, August 2006 City Development Plan for Varanasi Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction Urban centres have a vital role in India’s socio-economic transformation and change. Urban centres account for 30% of the total populace, notwithstanding, most cities and towns are severely stressed in terms of infrastructure and service availability, and their growth and development is constrained by indifferent implementation of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA), 1992. The Government of India launched the JNNURM in December 2005. The Mission aims at encouraging cities initiate steps to bring about improvement in the existing service levels in a financially sustainable manner. The ever-increasing number of slum dwellers causes tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure. In order to cope up with massive problems that have emerged as a result of rapid urban growth, it is imperative to draw up a coherent urbanisation vision and strategy for implementation of projects aimed towards achieving the outlined vision. The aim of the Mission is to encourage reforms driven, fast track, planned development of identified cities with focus on efficiency in urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation, and accountability of Urban Local Bodies (ULB)/ parastatal agencies towards citizens. The JNNURM consists of two sub-missions – The...
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... Yau Wen Soon Graduate School of Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia Received 21 April 2006; received in revised form 27 June 2006; accepted 21 November 2006 Abstract The problem of delays in the construction industry is a global phenomenon and the construction industry in Malaysia is no exception. The main purpose of this study is to identify the delay factors and their impact (effect) on project completion. Earlier studies either considered the causes or the effects of project delays, separately. This study takes an integrated approach and attempts to analyze the impact of specific causes on specific effects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to solicit the causes and effects of delay from clients, consultants, and contractors. About 150 respondents participated in the survey. This study identified 10 most important causes of delay from a list of 28 different causes and 6 different effects of delay. Ten most important causes were: (1) contractor’s improper planning, (2) contractor’s poor site management, (3) inadequate contractor experience, (4) inadequate client’s finance and payments for completed work, (5) problems with subcontractors, (6) shortage in material, (7) labor supply, (8) equipment availability and failure, (9) lack of communication between parties, and (10) mistakes during the construction stage. Six main effects of delay were: (1) time overrun, (2) cost overrun, (3) disputes, (4) arbitration, (5) litigation, and (6) total abandonment...
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...WORKER Introduction China's massive population has always been a major difficulty for the government as it has struggled to provide for it. The major economic changes of China in the last decade have brought on new and different economic and social challenges. Some of these issues are depicted in the documentary film “Last Train to China.” The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of these points that the film brings to light and see how they affect China today. Media reports on social and economic conditions in China present a contradictory picture. The cliché that hundreds of millions of people have been 'lifted out of poverty' is repeated again and again, alongside lurid accounts of worsening social problems which threaten to engulf the country in conflict. Both of these claims have a basis in fact. Most people, not only the rising class of millionaires, have gained materially as a result of China's huge increase in GDP. However, because of the increased role of the influence of the market and the breakdown of socialist institutions, this added wealth has been accompanied by many damaging effects such as mass unemployment, inhumane and dangerous working conditions, and inadequate health care. Some of these effects and the consequent breakdown of the traditional Chinese social structures, especially in the rural areas are seen in real life in the “Last Train”, and will be analyzed in this paper. The movie depicts the life of rural villagers who are migrant workers...
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