...ELECTRONIC ASSIGNMENT COVERSHEET | | Student Number | 31963763 | Surname | Dendup | Given name | Tenzin | Email | Dendup.tenzin3@gmail.com | | | Unit Code | POL161 | Unit name | Asia Pacific in the Global System | Enrolment mode | Internal / external | Date | 13/05/2013 | Assignment number | 2 | Assignment name | Rise of China and Its Security Risk to Australia | Tutor | Kreisti Nillus | Student’s Declaration: * Except where indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in another unit. * This submission complies with Murdoch University's academic integrity commitments. I am aware that information about plagiarism and associated penalties can be found at http://www.murdoch.edu.au/teach/plagiarism/. If I have any doubts or queries about this, I am further aware that I can contact my Unit Coordinator prior to submitting the assignment. * I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment: * reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another academic staff member; and/or * submit a copy of this assignment to a plagiarism-checking service. This web-based service may retain a copy of this work for the sole purpose of subsequent plagiarism checking, but has a legal agreement with the University that it will not share or reproduce it in any form. * I have retained a copy of this assignment. * I will...
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...During the years of 1850-1920 China did have some factors of being revolutionary, the decline in imperial China, their rise of their military as well as the change in the political parties, China also had factors of being a continuation such as their economy and the leaderships. However there wasn’t many factors of China showing to be a continuation this was because China was changing massively and at a fast rate during this period of time. One way to show that China was a revolutionary was the Boxer Rising. This was a popular anti-western movement in China, which was supported by peasants (such as farmers) uprising in 1900 which was set up to drive all foreigners out of China. It was a violent anti-foreigner and anti-Christian movement; it was motivated by proto-nationalists and backed by the empress dowager CIXI. In 1900 the Boxers besieged the foreign embassies in Beijing for two months until they were relieved by an international force. The rising was intervened by the Great Powers, which defeated the Chinese forces; because of this it further reduced the authority of the QING dynasty. The Boxer Risings changed China quite a lot: It made the leaders of China realise that they had to modernize and adopt European technology as well as this it also helped to opened the doors for Revolutionary movements such as the Communist Party and the to rise and to gain the support of China's people. Another factor that shows how revolutionary China was, was the End of the Chinese Empire...
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..."The rise in disposable income and the change in government policy has created an environment for global companies to enter the Chinese market." we will focus on luxury products Question - How has the income levels changed in the Chinese economy and what factors contribute to the change in the income levels. Also what factors (from an income standpoint) should western firms keep in mind when deciding to serve the Chinese market. As per the Mckinsey Global Institute (MGI), in 1985, 99 percent of the household lived on income less than 25,00 reminbi, or $3019 per year. An estimated 116 million people in china were living less than $1 a day, by 2004 this number has been by 53 percent to just under 54 million. This has been a historical achievement in one generation. Chinas pro-market reforms and integration into the global economy has enabled China to achieve such success. As real average disposable income for households has grown 3.2 times over the past 20 years to 25,348 renminbi today, china has developed a structure of distinct income levels and the rise of the middle class. Even though there remains a huge income gap between the rural and urban population. The disposable income for people living in the rural and urban population is increasing. The diagrams on the right depict the rise in their disposal income level in urban and rural households. Due to the rapid pace of urbanization in China, the annual disposable income per capita for urban households is climbing...
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...Can China rise without creating military tension with America and its neighbours in the Asia Pacific Area? Having a powerful and strong neighbour can be both a good thing and a worrying one at the same time. China, the East Asia Giant, is a powerful neighbour whose influence on the international platform today can no longer be underestimated. Its backyard, which namely is the Asia Pacific Area, is composed of by great forces such as Japan, South Korea, India etc., which are all allies of the U.S.A, and small or medium sized countries such as Malaysia and Vietnam etc., as well as a politically sensitive region -- Taiwan, which is regarded as a ‘lost territory’ by Beijing. It is this kind of unique layout of powers in the Asia Pacific Area that raised the concern that the current balance of big powers will be broken inevitably on China’s way of seeking regional hegemony and small or medium-sized countries worry they might be victims of conflicts between great forces. It’s believed that as China continues to grow up it will not tolerate America staying in its backyard and it will try to retrieve its ‘lost territory’, while others believe the current stability of the area will not be challenged because of China’s own limitations. There are a lot of concerns that when China becomes increasingly powerful, will the current balance of the established Asia Pacific Area be broken? And how will America react to China’s rise? John Mearshimer believes that China will not rise peacefully as...
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...trying to resolve. That’s why understanding goals and barriers of this Far East country is especially difficult, not only for us, but for the most of businessmen around the world. First part of our research will be focused exactly to these issues. So, let’s get to the point. Globally, what does China want and what problems is it facing? We will start with the presumed assumption that China wants to beat USA and become worlds leading economy. But first, we must emphasize that Chinese government never actually said these words. The biggest reason for that is the fact that China obviously doesn’t want to accept responsibilities which they will automatically undertake from USA if they become world’s leading economy. These responsibilities include the role of world policeman and the role of being the trigger for major changes in the world. There is also the fact that some other countries will automatically try to follow China’s economic politics, so they will be in a risk to lose their comparative advantage. We can backup this with government statements: “We don’t want that other countries follow our example and our politics in any way”. (CCTV Dialogue) When you look at China’s rise one thing couldn’t be neglected. The...
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...HOW PEACEFUL IS CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE? 16 July 2014 at 17:01 HOW PEACEFUL IS CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE? The People’s Republic of China has been taking great pains to point out to its neighbours specifically, and the world in general, that they have nothing to fear of its increasing power. This approach is epitomised by China’s emphasis on the term ‘peaceful rise’ to describe its expanding influence since 2004. Not only is ‘peaceful rise’ used to allay concerns that China will use its power to further its goals at the expense of other nations, it is also used to directly contrast the PRC with the United States who have been embroiled in the same period in the controversial War on Terror. Given the prominence of the claim of the claim it is clearly in the interests of understanding international and regional developments that we pose the question “How peaceful is China’s peaceful rise?” As this essay will show, in light of the PRC’s domestic aims and because of China’s historical and cultural experiences, any attempt to answer question is contradictory, and depends on the region. The question of China’s contradictory peaceful rise is explained most completely by the theory of neoclassical realism. Neoclassical realism argues that it is the aim of states to gain power to pursue what they deem is in their national interests. It breaks down the state’s efforts in that respect into two spheres, the internal and the external. The external sphere is similar to other theories of...
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...The rise of China and the impact it will have is the subject of much speculation. In his paper, “Will China’s Rise Lead to War?” Glaser (2011) looks at this issue. Glaser contends that the outcome of China-U.S. relations is not predetermined to be a repetition of the U.S.-Soviet Cold War or even a hegemonic war as per the standard realist’s view, nor does he agree with the liberal view that the current international order will accept China’s rise peacefully. Glaser’s thesis is that major confrontation can be avoided; he argues that the forces that could create a hegemonic conflict between the two powers are weak; that the greatest dangers will be created through “secondary disputes.” Glaser also contends that the US will have to make concessions alliances to China regarding U.S. to avoid a major clash and that the way the two nation’s leaders handle those issues will determine the eventual outcome. To the world China is an unknown actor upon the world stage, a communist regime that until 1980’s was for the greater part a closed country. Today as a growing world power, both economically and militarily China like any nation requires respect, security and economic growth and development for her people. In this endeavor China has created something of a security dilemma as no one really knows what role China will seek, what she will demand from those nations around her, nor the consequences of these desires. John Herz (1950) describes a security dilemma as being when a state...
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...Question: Rising tide of nationalism has been observed in many parts of the world in the last decades. Primordialism and constructivism have been used to explain this phenomenon. Outline the key arguments of both theories, and then proceed to answer the following question: which theory better explains the rise of nationalism? Illustrate your answer in the context of Macau, China or any one country that you are familiar with. Brief Introduction The word nationalism was created in the late 18 centuries, but it only got popular from the 1830s. It used to convey the idea of identification with a nation in which a group of people shares common ancestry in the early time, but later it began to link with patriotism and with aspirations to statehood. This concept became widely accepted by more and more people during twentieth century. Nationalism now is defined as a subjective feeling of a membership in a nation; a belief that a nation should form the state, or a belief that the identification with the nation should be above all other forms of identity. Nowadays Nationalism has set off a wave around the world. Primordialism and constructivism can be used to explain this phenomenon. We will see the key arguments of both theories. The first one is primordialism. Key arguments of two theories The emergence of the theory of primordialism was in the second half of the eighteenth centuries, in general, primordialism assumes political identity are innate and largely unchanged. It...
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...China’s Peaceful Rise to Dominance The current state of the globe has seen many changes in the past few decades. The global political structures have shifted and turned to provide a new landscape where substantial evolution has and will continue to occur. The purpose of this essay is to argue and prove that China will rise to power in a peaceful manner throughout the 21st century. This paper will first explain the current situation, which has left China in position to become a global leader as the new century unfolds. The essay will also examine military, economic and social issues that may positively contribute to this change and lead this Asian country to a new significant posture within the geo-political realm of international relations. The Rise of China towards the 21st Century Technology and communication improvements have changed the world for good. With new developments in these areas, the world has become much smaller and navigable in many ways when discussing China and their current rise to global prominence in recent times. The end of the Cold War which saw a bipolar world develop into a unipolar world has created opportunity for other powerful nations to step in and play a key role in global events that are unfolding. China’s massive population and natural resources have continued to organize and be directed towards more powerful means. Chinese leaders have seen this coming for years as the country began opening up to global interests in the 1970’s. As America’s...
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...international system is anarchic where as liberals believe in institutions such as the U.N. can intervene effectively on state issues, there are also conflicting views between the three on issues such as war, the economy and major corporations. Within realism there is this sense of belief of “self-interest” this is a theme seen throughout Mearshermiers article Australians should fear the rise of China. Mearshamiers opening statement quotes “It is likely to lead to intense security competition with US – and considerable potential for war”. In a brief summary Mearshermier talks about how with this augmentation of Chinas power, surrounding countries such as the United States of America and Australia should be prepared to take action and prepare for war. This is a key ideology of realism, as although they do not encourage war in anyway they believe that war will always exist and it is necessary for states to prepare themselves for it especially if being threatened. This is why Mershermiers article is nearly a textbook example of realist views on war. In comparison, on the issue of the rise of Chinas power an article written by Friends of the committee on National Legislation states the complete opposite of this but in fact that war is unnecessary especially between...
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...Political Systems Democracy relates to a political system that equates to one person holding one single vote in the decision-making process. As a political system, its proponents deem it as a fair and just way as the whims of the majority are preferred over the desires of the few. It becomes necessary to comprehend how democracy works to be able to effectively understand the principles and assumptions behind it. Majority of the countries in the world relate to a democratic system with differing variations depending on the resident country’s constitution. However the basic premise is that people in a country vote for their preferred candidate and the one with the most votes becomes the leader of the particular country. It is the same when applied to simpler elections such as class president or the chairman of a group. There are certain assumptions that are made with regards to the democratic system and it is important to view them in depth. This is so as to be able to come up with a concrete understanding of the way in which democracy works. For instance the main belief is that the majority know best. It is the foundation in that if most of the people are happy then that is the best route to take. It does not necessarily mean that the majority will actually elect the best candidate. In most cases it is usually based on the candidate they feel most comfortable or in extreme cases where they may have no preference, the one they dislike least. In such scenarios it certainly seems...
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...Ben Solver Ms. Margaret Munley Introduction to Microeconomics 24 February 2014 China: Can the Dragon be Satisfied China’s open reform period is characterized as one without a blueprint, but by ‘groping for stones to cross the river’, based on an incremental, gradualist approach to reformation (Lee). China is still a developing country with pockets of industry in different regions. While China may relishe in the fruits of its labor, there is an increasing disparity between the urban and rural areas due to this disequilibrium of development. China’s presence on the world stage has drastically increased since 2001 when China joined the World Trade Organization, in essence opening their borders and has left many researchers perplexed about the consequences of its rise. There exists a plethora of studies, debating whether China’s current path is one that is headed to the top, or whether China is at the peak of its development with looming declines in the near future, plagued by weak institutional reforms. While there are many features that characterize China’s direction, China is growing in its demand for products from around the world and its industrial side has been growing but at the same time increasing how fragile our world economy is (Badinger). Due to past and current monetary problems in different regions of the world and a shift in the location of manufacturing could pose future concerns to the emerging Dragon. China’s cheap labor has been a prominent economic advantage...
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...“It may sound strange that Chinese firms are turning to Bangladesh to make clothes, not least because China is the global leader in clothing manufacturing and exports. But the shift is happening for very obvious reasons.” BBC new 29/08/2012. Using the theory of comparative advantage, discuss the possible reasons why this shift is being observed. Globalisation from the facts of Economics ‘is considered by a rise across borders in the flow of goods, services and financial resources alongside with a rise in international movement of technology material and characters’ Boyes & Melvin (2011). As it was announced on BBC News (2012) about how Chinese companies are moving to Bangladesh to make clothes even though China is a worldwide leader in the manufacturing businesses. Absolute advantage involves the specialism of trade benefit among countries, well as according to the law Comparative advantage is that ‘when one Country has fewer efficiency then it has absolute disadvantage with detail to the further Countries production of both merchandises, there is still a source for commonly useful trade’ Simatele (2013). Heckscher- Ohlin (H-O) theory is founded on two theories, the H-O theorem and the factor price Equalisation theorem. The following essay will outline the trade established on Absolute advantage, H-O Theorem, the theory of Comparative advantage and the way the theory opportunity cost can be used to explain Comparative advantage then examples will be given to illustrate...
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...and Japan. The most current countries to join that list are India and China. However, whether they stay that way has yet to be seen. The Elephant and the Dragon written by Robyn Meredith takes a look at both countries’ rise to economic superpower status, and how it affects us now as well as the future. To achieve this Meredith begins with a recent history of each of the countries by examining the political and social factors related to the each of the countries’ rise. This is followed with a look into some of the economic similarities and differences between India and China as well as how the reforms both countries have in place affect U.S businesses and citizens. Through this process Meredith truly gives a truly complete experience with past, present and future analyzed. Unfortunately, there are certain areas of the book where issues with the material and Meredith’s interpretation arise. The first two chapters in The Elephant and the Dragon delve into the pasts of China and India, and the policies that made their growth possible. Meredith begins her look into China by looking at the effects of Mao’s rule. A major point that is brought up is Mao’s policy to collectivize farming. The policy to collectivize farming resulted in a 40% drop in agricultural production and therefore a decline in the standard of living. The first of the positive economic reforms began taking place in the late 1970s with the rise of Deng Xiaoping. With his new position as leader of the communist party...
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...China and New World Order Based on what you have learnt in this course, what kind of world order do you think we have now and to what extent a new world order is shaped by the rise of China? In what aspects is the rising China changing the existing world order? World order has a variety of definitions. In general, it refers the pattern of relations between states, behaved according to a set of institutional rules and principles. It changes over time when great powers rise and fall. Suggested by George Modelski, the Long Cycle Theory believes a war will emerge after the rising power threatens the original hegemony and might replace the existing world order. The challenge posed by the rise of China to the western dominance is felt worldwide as her second largest economic status. A question has been asked by an American scholar John Ikenberry – “Will China overthrow the existing order or become part of it?” This essay aims at introducing the current world order and investigating how it has been changed with the inclusion of China. One of the two major types of world order is the Westphalia order which is based on the modern state system. It is the concept of authority on the territory that the sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of politics is self-determined without any intervention from other states in internal affairs. This system highly respects the territorial integrity of states and the legal equality between states that is no matter the size of a country...
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