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How Corruption Affect Petrobras

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How corruption affect Petrobras:

Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. is a Brazilian based multinational company that explores, produce, transports, distributes oil and natural gas. Petrobras owns and operates biofuel, oil tankers, fertilizer plants and distribution pipelines across Brazilian territory. Petrobras is one of the largest producers of oil in the world and the biggest company in South America (employs over 80 thousand people) with a market value above $30billion. Most importantly, Petrobras has more than half of the voting rights are controlled by the government of Brazil (Standard & Poor’s, 2016a). Brazil’s rise was empowered by the oil giant Petrobras, with the biggest oil discoveries in the past decade. As for April, 2004 everything changed dramatically.
Scandal started exposure regarding the acquisition of a Houston refinery, because the estimated cost of $1.19 billion from Astra through this acquisition, but only paid $42.4 million. Petrobras’ high ranked former executive (Paul Roberto Costa) was arrested due to supposed involvement in a money laundering arrangement in order to increase the cost in the constructions of a 9 refinery from $2.5billion to $18.5billion (Romero &Thomas, 2014). Petrobras also faces inspections that some employees received bribes totaling $139 million from SBM Offshore (German oil supplier). What is more, a contract with Odebrecht, one of Brazil largest construction and oil services providers was overbilled. According to Bloomberg, “a team of dedicated federal prosecutors and police has conducted 1,114 inquiries, carried out 133 arrests and is pursuing $4 billion in stolen assets, with care and little drama” (Margolis, 2016a). Because of the high political involvement within Petrobras, Brazil’s Supreme Court announced that it was investigating 34 politicians which could be also classified as political scandal in Brazil. There are some claims on March 3rd 2016 that the former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (Lula) was involved in the Petrobras scandal as well. After a couple of weeks, prosecutors were seeking the arrest with charges of money laundering as well as false declaration. This would cause Lula a long sentence up to 13 years in prison (Margolis,2016a). Here, we are discussing of a man that was trusted and beloved by tons of Brazilians. An ex-president brought sustainable economic growth during his term and got the permission for Soccer World Cup and the Olympic Games. Due to the political corruption in Brazil, millions of protesters are on the streets of Brazil to request the current president Dilma Rousseff to resign. Other than the protests, Petrobras also suffer a lot in the Petrobras Scandal.
In total, Petrobras’ losses due to money laundering are estimated conservatively to be BRL88 billion (equivalent to USD 31.5 billion) (Istore, 2015). Also since September of 2014, stocks that held by Petrobras’ shareholders lost on average 50 percent of their market value (Noticias, 2016). What is more, in 2014 Petrobras lost $70 billion in market cap, which is more than half of its value (Segal, 2015). Other than losing their market value, it also increases its difficulty in terms of raising private capital to pay off their huge debts and fulfill their expansionary ambitions. Most of the analysts suggested that Petrobras’ massive debt would be most likely paid by Brazilian taxpayers.
The huge financial losses also hurt several Petrobras’ shareholders. After realizing their investment in a fraud company, many shareholders in Brazil and in United States “filed collective action lawsuits against Petrobras and its executives.” Some lawsuits claimed that Petrobras disobey rules established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which regulated the stock market (Do, 2015). Due to the political scandal, Petrobras lost tons of loyal shareholders and lost trust between the company and the valuable shareholders.
Petrobras scandal also created difficulty to find successors to replace corrupted managers. For instance, Foster, the former head of Petrobras, and other directors resigned during Petrobras scandal. Rousseff (President of Brazil) is hard to find replacement because his decision would affect how public view the corporation. Rousseff chose Aldemir Bendine (president of Banco do Brasil) affect Petrobras even harder. Since Aldemir’s poor reputation in terms of accountability, Petrobras’ stock value decrease by 6.34 percent on the Ibovepa, Brazil’s largest stock exchange market (Aline, 2015). The political scandal also causes huge issues regarding talent management.
The Petrobras scandal destroy tons of lives of numerous stakeholders within Brazil and abroad as well. Due to the huge financial losses within the company, they decided to shut down many of its operations indefinitely. By doing so, thousands of workers have lost their jobs, nearly half of the employees in Petrobras got fired. Supply companies also filed for bankruptcy and the whole communities are hopeless.
What is more, this huge scandal also forced banks and companies that have business deal with Petrobras to determine whether they have any corruption transactions. Multiple companies and banks are under investigation which also create a bad company image for Petrobras and also results in harmful business relationship.
As we discussed before, Petrobras stimulated and supported Brazil economic growth. This huge political corruption also resulted in a huge negative impact regarding Brazilian economy. One of the studies published in Forbes estimated that “R$87 billion ($27.1 billion) was expected to have been lost in GDP this year [2015] because of Petrobras’ corrupt” (Rapoza, 2015). This huge loss equivalent to 1% of total Brazil’s GDP ($2.2 trillion). Also, Getulio Vargas Foundation’s Environmental Solutions and Infrastructure Group estimates that corporations that are similar to Petrobras will all suffer from reduction in investments by other shareholders in future. What is more, Federal funds will need at least R13.6 billion to finance layoffs in construction. Some important construction companies that has business deal with Petrobras, did not find another alternative other than claiming for bankruptcy which cause Brazilian economy affect negatively as well.

Reference:
Home - Petrobras. (n.d.), Retrieved from http://www.petrobras.com/en/home.htm

Standard & Poor’s (2016a). Petroleo Brasileiro Company Value, Investments Rationale and Analyst’s Highlights. Retrieved from http://www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com/NASApp/NetAdvantage/sr/showInteractiveStoc kReport.do Romero, S., & Thomas, L. (2014). Brazil’s Star, Petrobras, Is Hobbled by Scandal and
Stagnation. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/16/business/international/brazils-star-petrobras-is-hobbled-byscandal and-stagnation.html?_r=1

Margolis, M. (2016a). Lula Is the Big Test for Petrobras Prosecutors. Bloomberg View.
Retrieved from http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2016-03-12/lula-isthe-big-test-for-petrobras-prosecutors

Segal, D. (2015). Petrobras Oil Scandal Leaves Brazilians Lamenting a Lost Dream. New
York Times Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/business/international/effects-of-petrobras-scandal-leavebrazilians-lamenting-a-lost-dream.html Rapoza, K. (2015). How Much Of Brazil's Economy Got Lost In Petrobras Scandal?
Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2015/04/04/how-much-of-brazils-economy-got-lost-inpetrobras-scandal/#4b1fee38432c ISTOÉ, R. (2015). Petrobras estimou desvios em R$ 88 bilhões, mas retirou dado de balanço http://t.co/926EkJob6v pic.twitter.com/o8zNOZjLDB. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/revistaistoe/status/560443538564190208

Conselho da Petrobras avaliará indicação de Pedro Parente no dia 23. (2016). Retrieved from http://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2016/05/conselho-da-petrobras-avaliara-indicacao-de-pedro-parente-no-dia-23.html Aline Cury Zampieri, “Ibovespa ca pressionado por reação do novo presidente da
Petrobras,” February 6, 2015, Retrieved from http://www.valor.com.br/financas/3897574/ibovespacai-pressionado-por-reacao-novo-presidente-da-petrobras

Do G1, “Escritório dos EUA consolida ações coletivas contra a Petrobras,” March 30, 2015,
Globo G1 Economia, Retrieved from http://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2015/03/escritorio-dos--eua-entra-com-acao-coletiva-contra-petrobras.html

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