...The Panama Canal: From Yesterday to Tomorrow By Clarence Moore North Lake College Introduction to Business Logistics LGMT-1319-73471 Professor Jeffrey Wendt April 2013 When the first European, Rodrigo de Bastidas, reached Panama in 1501, he could hardly envision the magnitude of the Isthmus’ future. As more Spanish caravels arrived, the search for gold was intensified. A shortened route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was not found by Magellan, who conceived of going around Cape Horn or passing through the Straits that were to bear his name. When sea routes were found to be to long the Spaniards turned to overland crossings, and when Vasco Nunez de Balboa first crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513, he initiated a ceaseless march of traffic. Panamanians are still proud of the curious Balboa who discovered the Pacific, surveyed the Panama route across the Central America Isthmus and found that there existed a difference in the levels of the respective oceans. The Conquistador Herman Cortes was certain that no natural waterway existed between the Atlantic and the Pacific, and he expressed a desire to construct a sea passageway through Panama, Darien, Nicaragua, or Tehmantepec. The dreams of the foresighted Cortes went for naught as it was almost three centuries before serious consideration was again given to the construction of an interocean waterway (Liss). From the beginning of the sixteenth century until the beginning...
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...United States on October 18, 1867. This purchase ended Russia’s presence in North America and ensured U.S. access to the Pacific northern rim. | The Alaska Territory Constitutional Convention Adopted the Alaska Constitution on February 5, 1956. Alaska was inducted into the Union in 1959. President Eisenhower signed the official declaration, which made the territory of Alaska the 49th state. (Purchase of Alaska, 1867) | Hawaii | America's gaining Hawaii would extend U.S. territory into the Pacific and would result in economic integration and the rise of the United States as a Pacific power. For most of the 1800s, leaders in Washington were concerned that Hawaii might become part of a European nation's empire. During the 1830s, Britain and France forced Hawaii to accept treaties giving them...
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...1906. This feat was the center of uproar from many communities who felt like Roosevelt won the Prize as an act of politics. Be that as is may, Roosevelt strongly deserved the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the Panama Canal, The Portsmouth Agreement and his outstanding foreign policy. Roosevelt is deserving of the Nobel Prize because, up until the 1900’s, Americans have wanted to shorten the distance between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in order to efficiently trade between America’s east and west coast. Roosevelt was keen on building a canal through Panama. During this time, Panama was a province of Columbia. Who refused to give the United States the rights to dig a canal through Panama. Roosevelt, not taking no for an answer, decided to support a revolution in Panama, but the day before the revolution was set to begin, Roosevelt sent the U.S.S Nashville to stop Columbia from defeating the revolution. This action prompted the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty,...
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...Manmade Wonder of the World. The building of the Panama Canal was one of the most grandiose and dramatic American ventures of all times. A shipping gateway between Central and South America had been a desire from the 1600’s, first attempted by the French in the 1880s and later completed by United States in 1914, under the direction of Theodore Roosevelt. U.S. intervention with the Panama Canal brought an end of a revolution and the birth of a new nation, the Republic of Panama, and creation of one of biggest strategic advantages that truly brought the U.S. Navy into the next century as a growing superpower. The canal was the largest and most expensive project ever attempted up to that date in U.S. history and easily changed the face of the western hemisphere, if not the world. A quick, easy and safe passage for merchant ships and navies to pass between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans had been a desire of many since early 17th century. Study after study was conducted and focused on Panama, which was a part of Colombia; Nicaragua and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico. Regardless of the desire or need, early plans were often abandoned because the undertaking was near impossible and government politics often made negotiations more difficult. The French were the first nation to attempt the project and were confident of success after building the Suez Canal in Egypt. In 1876, the Interoceanic Canal Commission was created to head up the project and placed in...
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...Third republic. MacMahon government attempted to restore the moral order of France. Encouraged the French people to repent for their last 75 years of sin. MacMahon moved away from social reforms such as Women’ rights, instead focused on religion and a return to moral purity in France. Used Priest to spread political platforms. Sieze Mai Crisis- The Seize Mai Crisis was brought about by the question of the role of the president. Could President MacMahon hire and fire Prime minster with out the permission of the Republican National Assembly? The National Assembly interpreted the constitution of 1875 in a different light than MacMahon. The Constitution of 1875 had established a week presidency and promoted a parliamentary system helping to bring an end to the royalist political force in France. Ferry Laws-Laws establishing a public education system in france. Jules Ferry as the Minister of education created a national education system. Basic schooling became maditory for children of all socio-economic background. Helped establish a sentiment of unity with in differing socio-economic groups. Teachers were require to get certified by the national bureau of education, removed church from the French educational system The ‘other trench’ Panama Canal Scandal – French Construction company is searching for funding to build Canal in Panama. Jewish contractors approach parliament asking for money to invest in Canal project. The proposal was rejected therefore the Jewish Contractor make...
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...What is the current state of Latin American international relations, particularly relations with the United States? What is unique or “new” about the present situation? How much have we seen before? Make sure to discuss both economic and geo-political/security dimensions, and make reference to at least two historical periods, whether identified by particular doctrines, presidencies, or regimes of international relations. Current state of Latin Ameican international relations with the US— * Emerging independence from US—US is no longer the immediate partner of choice. Regional resentment of US perceived self-serving exercises of power * Economics: * Increased intra-regional economic integration—ALBA, UNOSUR * Expanding economic partners outside the hemisphere—China * Security: * States worry about subordination to the “gringos.” Address problems themselves or with immediate neighbors, rely less on US— * LatinAmerican presidents joined together to defuse tension between Colombia and Ecuador/Venezuela after Colombia’s March 2008 raid inside Ecuador * South American Defense Council (2008)—aimed at institutionalizing and coordinating “defense and security policies in the region while preventing and mediating conflicts within South America * United States: * Economic dependence on the region on the rise— * 50% of US energy imports (largest share accounted for by any region) * 32% of all US FDI ...
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...and the person you are talking to about it. It is a reward only for those of you who read directions. Chapter 4- The Progressive Era (1890-1920) Who were the Progressives? Urban Middle Class who wanted social reforms Muckrakers Journalists who sensationalized to drive social change Define recall Power to remove public servants What did the 19th Amendment do? Gave women the right to vote What is Americanization? Teaching minorities and immigrants to follow white, middle class ways of life Who were the three Progressive Era presidents? Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson Domestic policies of Progressive Era presidents (match them) Wilson-New Freedom/ Roosevelt- Square Deal Chapter 5- An Emerging World Power (1890-1917) Social Darwinism- Survival of the fittest Alfred T. Mahan and what he argued for a stronger America Strong modern Navy Four main causes of the Spanish-American War Cuban independence movement, Yellow Press, U.S.S. Maine incident, De Lome Letter Open Door Policy (China) – Equal access to trade in China Goal of Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy- Strong military focus How did the U.S. end up getting the Panama Canal Built? What did it have to support?...
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...Spring Break Work Ch. 13 Section 1 1) Sui Wendi: First emperor of the Sui dynasty centralized government, restored order, created a new legal code, reformed Bureaucracy Tang Taizong: The founder of the Tang Dynasty, he expanded China to include all that the Han had had and more. Wu Zhao: The only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty. Grand Canal: The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. Zhao Kuangyin: Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. Li Bo: Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. 2) tributary state: A country that pays tribute in money or goods to a more powerful nation Pagoda: Buddhist temples with many-storied towers; this was adapted from the Chinese 3) The dynasties returned the Middle Kingdom back to its old glory. a) Under the Tang and Song dynasties the emperor ruled over a splendid court filled with aristocratic families. The two main classes of society were the gentry, wealthy landowners, which valued scholarship more than physical labor, and the peasantry, who worked the land and lived off of what they produced. Then the merchants had a lower status in society. Merchants had such a low status in society because according to Confucianism their...
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...didn’t allow his weaknesses to interfere with reaching his goals and acquiring such great achievements for one man. Although Theodore Roosevelt grew up in a wealthy environment, he was able to associate with not only the rich but he somehow managed to befriend and gain the utmost confidence even from those that were not so privileged. That is one of many reasons why he would be admired even today due to not only his strength in character but also how he didn’t allow wealth to define him as a person. He was an extremely hard working individual and even with a man that had such disadvantages as far as his health, he managed to become one of the most influential and triumphant men of our country. Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27th, 1858 into a wealthy Dutch New York City family. There were four children in all, Anna, Theodore, Elliot and Corinne Roosevelt. Although he had a very wealthy childhood upbringing, he also had a series of health issues including being diagnosed at a young age with asthma and poor eyesight, but he did not let those things stop him from achieving his goals. He was a very hardworking man who believed he could do anything he set his mind to because he was a driven and highly motivated person. As a boy he developed the nickname Teddy, which had helped create what is now known as a teddy bear after a cartoonist had drawn a portrait of him with a bear cub. Teddy was also a writer who had written about a dozen different books between 1880 and 1900...
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...inhabited some fifteen to twenty thousand years prior. The glaciers were reduced because of global warming and this gave the nomadic hunters access to the core of the North American continent. Amazingly, this contributed to their food supply abundantly and this produced a swift population growth. More changes became evident in the environment which included a new food source such as fish, nuts and berries. These Native Americans, known as Paleo-Indians, adjusted and propelled forward. Because they were exposed to a new food source they discovered how to cultivate certain plants. At this stage, the Agriculture Revolution was born and this significantly altered the Native American culture. With a more stable food source these Indians became docile and established. This also helped in establishing stable villages and eventually led to some type of government which included elders and leaders. The Eastern Woodland Cultures did not practice agriculture first and foremost but supplemented their food chain with hunting and fishing. They had settled in the northern region along the Atlantic coast. The Algonquian-speaking Natives resided from North Carolina to Main and spoke many different dialects depending on the region they were associated with. Furthermore, most Native American hierarchy was established in their culture through kinship. Surprisingly, many of the Native Americans were not hostile and in many instances, their differences were settled in a civilized...
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...CERTIFICATE IN MARITIME ECONOMICS MODULE ONE Economic Geography of Maritime Transport Dr. Stavros Tsolakis Lloyd's and the Lloyd's crest are the registered trademarks of the society incorporated by the Lloyd's Act 1871 by the name of Lloyd's. CONTENTS WELCOME TO THE COURSE ........................................................................................................ 3 STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE ...................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION TO MODULE 1 ................................................................................................... 7 1. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY ........................................................... 8 1.1 The Function of Shipping .................................................................................................. 8 1.2 The Structure of World Seaborne Trade and the Demand for Shipping Services....................... 8 1.3 The Ton-Mile as a Measurement of Demand for Shipping Services ....................................... 12 2. ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL COMMODITIES ON-BOARD SHIPS .................................................. 14 2.1 Crude Oil Seaborne Trade .............................................................................................. 14 2.2 Other Challenges for Crude oil Transportation ................................................................... 16 2.3 ...
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...market-leading Apple’s iPad tablet device. Apple also announced that a leading publisher, Random House, had made all seventeen thousand of its books available through Apple’s iBookstore. Apple had enjoyed tremendous success for quite some time. Approximately fifteen million iPads were sold in 2010, and the price of Apple’s stock had more than tripled from early 2009 to early 2011. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 4 But future success was far from guaranteed. The firm’s visionary founder Steve Jobs was battling serious health problems. Apple’s performance had suffered when an earlier health crisis had forced Jobs to step away from the company. This raised serious questions. Would Jobs have to step away again? If so, how might Apple maintain its excellent performance without its leader? Meanwhile, the iPad2 faced daunting competition. Samsung, LG, Research in Motion, Dell, and other manufacturers were trying to create tablets that were cheaper, faster, and more versatile than the iPad2. These firms were eager to steal market share by selling their tablets to current and potential Apple customers. Could Apple maintain leadership of the tablet market, or would one or more of its rivals dominate the market in the years ahead?...
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...or laissez faire policy. • Before 1900, politicians and writers begun to pinpoint targets for the progressive attack. Bryan, Altgeld, and the Populists flamed about the “bloated trusts” with corruption and wrongdoing. • Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth in 1894, it was about the Standard Oil Company and on its “predatory wealth” and “conspicuous consumption” • Veblen viewed parasitic leisure class engaged in wasteful “business” which was making money for money’s sake rather than the productive “industry” which was making goods to satisfy real needs. • Jacob A. Riis was Danish and immigrated to the U.S. He was a reporter for the New York Sun, and he wrote How the Other Half Lives. It shocked the middle class Americans in 1890; he talked about diseases, and how dirty and how bad off the New York slums were. It influenced New York City police commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt. • Theodore Dreiser wrote the The Financier and The Titan. He battered promoters and profiteers. • A lot of the socialists were European immigrants where there were already socialist movements in the old world. Messengers of the social gospel promoted a brand of progressivism based on Christian teachings. They used religious doctrines to demand better conditions for the poor. The number of Feminists also multiplied. Jane Addams and Lilian Wald fought to improve the conditions of families living in the cities. Raking Muck with the Muckrakers • During the beginning of the 20th century...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD. 2008 Annual Report ANCHORED IN EXCELLENCE We always provide service with a friendly greeting and a smile. * We anticipate the needs of our customers. * We make all effort to exceed our customers’ expectations. * We take ownership of any problem that is brought to our attention. * We engage in conduct that enhances our corporate reputation and employee morale. * We are committed to act in the highest ethical manner and respect the rights and dignity of others. * We are loyal to the Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. family of companies, and strive for continuous improvement in everything we do. * B efore 4 97 $175 98 $331 99 $384 00 $445 01 $254 02 $351 03 $281 04 $475 05 $663 06 $634 07 $603 08 $574 97 $2,019 98 $2,455 99 $3,261 00 $3,616 01 $3,757 02 $4,035 03 $4,263 04 $4,805 05 $5,554 06 $6,092 07 $6,757 08 $6,803 95 $149 94 $137 93 $107 92 $ 61 91 $ 90 $ 52 89 $ 42 88 $ 14 96 $151 SH AREHO L DERS ’ EQ UI TY ($ millions) 96 $1,085 95 $ 965 94 $ 846 93 $ 733 92 $ 464 91 $ 404 90 $ 400 89 $ 348 88 $ 295 c umulative effec t of a c hange in ac c o u n t in g p r in c ip le 08 $6,533 07 $6,149 06 $5,230 05 $4,903 04 $4,555 03 $3,784 (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 02 $3,434 Total Revenues Operating Income Net Income Earnings Per Share (diluted) Shareholders’ Equity 01 $3,145 ...
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