...Poverty in Canada since 1989 The poverty rates across Canada have seen a rise and fall since 1989. The poverty rates are based on age, gender and family type. However, the poverty rates have seen a decline since 1989. The poverty for all persons in 1988 was 10.8% and in 2007 it was 9.2% (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). That is a 14.8% decrease in poverty for all persons in Canada over time (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). The decline in poverty could result for many reasons. Education, jobs and the economy of Canada may have improved a lot during the past twenty years. Canada is a developing country and is seeing improvements in social status of people. The class system plays a huge role. Could it be that families across Canada are moving up a class? Persons in economic families had a poverty rate of 8% in 1988 and it dropped to 6% in 2007 (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). It can be seen that there is a 25% decrease in poverty for persons in economic families over time (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). Therefore persons in economic families are doing well compared to how they were in 1989. It is pretty clear that the economy of Canada is developing. This would not be the case if poverty had increased during the past twenty years. Poverty still exists, no doubt about that but it will continue to decline if Canada continues to improve its economic situation. Poverty still exists for many reasons such as people in poor class work as much as...
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...71mil by 2031 • Growth has been mostly due to natural change rather than net migration Births There are two measures of births 1. Birth rate 2. Total fertility rate The birth rate • The birth rate: is the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year • There has been a long-term decline in the birth rate • In 1900, it was almost 29 • By 2007, it had fallen by more than 60%, to under 11 • But there have been fluctuations • There were 3 ‘baby booms’: 1 after each war and another in the 1960’s • The rate fell sharply in the 1970’s, rose during the 1980’s and early 1990’s, and then fell until the recent increase since 2001 The total fertility rate • The total fertility rate: is the average number of children a woman will have during her fertile years (aged 15-44) • In the 1960’s baby boom, it reached an average of 2.95 children per woman, declining to an all-time low of 1.63 in 2001, before rising slightly to 1.84 in 2006 • The total fertility rate obviously affects family and household size – the more children a woman has, the bigger the family: 1. More women are remaining childless nowadays 2. Women are having children later: the average age is now almost 30 Reasons for the fall in birth rate Many social, economic, legal and technological factors are...
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...Sociology & Family Theorizing and Researching 1. Structural Theories a) Materialism & Conflict theory Marx & Engles -changes in family lives reflect material change (ex, the mode of production, industrialization) macro-micro focus -power differences characterize society at all levels (ex, capitalism creates: exploitation of men in the workforce; oppression of women b) Political Economy -assumes the power of the one class over another (social control), capitalist relations of production -a more concentrated focus on how economic and political processes shape society and history and therefore family, families c) Structural Functionalism Parsons & Bales -the social institution of the family - family is seen as a function, and different parts of society helps it move along -the nuclear family performs functions -they saw the families as a main faction, economic support, these functions that happen in nuclear families include economic support -equilibrium, all parts help it work as a whole -hierarchical generations and role specialization within families produces harmony -the different roles that men and women take on, allows the family be a harmony -parsons and bales, gendered perspective on families, families having instrumental roles such as achieving income, feed the family, cloth the family, this would be men 2. Symbolic Interactionism Mead & Cooley - individuals create their own family realities through micro level interactions -from...
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...America (the United States) health care system has been described as most advanced and competitive, but at the same time inefficient and fragmented. According to the United States Census Board, health care system in the United States is ranked thirty-seventh in the world. More than 54% of the American Citizens are dissatisfied with the current health care system, but we also spend more than the citizen of other nations: we spend 15.9 percent of GDP on health care compared to other advanced countries in the world like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and Australia (U.S. Census Bureau). Assessing the performance of the health care system is the most difficult task. Public and Private Health Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP. U.S. and some selected countries: (from Kaiser Family Foundation) A few years ago, when my mom turned forty years old, she discovered that she has a blood pressure problem. Prior to that she did not have a medical insurance when she found out about her problem. After discovering that she has a blood pressure problem, she applied for medical insurance in five or six health insurance companies, but they rejected her application because she had a preexisting medical condition. Finally, Kaiser Permentant Medical Insurance, accepted her application; however, they charged her twice the amount of monthly payment for her medical insurance. Around last year my mom had an anxiety attack. She was hospitalized in the emergency department. She was discharged...
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...Organization. WTO promotes the free trade zones and equal trade regulations to increase competition in global market. But regardless of the size of the business there are regulations to govern exports and imports. To minimize these losses from barriers and regulations is important. Thus, there are regional trade blocks to associate nations at a governmental level to promote trade and defend the members against competition. The defense mechanism against global competition obtained through making tariffs on goods produced by member countries, import quotas, government subsidies, and technical and non-tariff barriers. As trade is not an isolated activity member countries also cooperate in political, security, climatic, economic and other issues affect the region. Countries participate regional blocs because of its advantages in trade and economy. Transaction costs between countries will be eliminated. It will be easier to compare prices between participants. Uncertainty caused by exchange rate fluctuations will be blocked. The inflation in member economies will decrease. It will reduce the cost of the firms and increase the trade. But also there are some disadvantages but they are not as much as advantages. There can be instability of the system, which means demand of the markets, can change rapidly and it will take time to keep up. There can be over estimation of benefits, because one countries output can be input of an other country so you can calculate 2 times in the overall...
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...How the funeral industry is being impacted and changed by the Global Recession? Benjamin Franklin’s old adage “in this world nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes” has never been truer. However, if he was around today he might change his spelling of “death” to “debt”. Taxes in Ireland have increased recently and the forthcoming emergency budget looks certain to bring further misery to the population. So while governments are busy collecting whatever taxes they can, people are still dying! You are born and then you die, it is a simple fact of life. In fact the portion in between we call life is the uncertain part. When you die you will require the services of an undertaker / funeral director. They are there to tax you one final time and put the proverbial last nail in your coffin, with a bill attached! With the exception of a huge natural disaster, accident or war, the funeral industry can quite accurately predict its number of customers for the forthcoming year using the country’s population statistics and current death rates. With such detailed statistics to hand this has to be one of the easiest industries to forecast. Figure 1.1 shows the death rate falling in recent years as population increases. Each customer is new (although dead!) but new business can only be achieved by taking from a competitor and not by a sudden jump in demand for the product. Andrew Loos explains “You’re battling for current customers (of other funeral homes), many of them with deep...
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... Contents 1.0 Essay 1: Changes in the US Economy from 1945-1989 ..................................................................... 3 1.1 Boom (1945-1968) .................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Bust (1968-1989)..................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Essay 2 Consumer Society post 1945 ................................................................................................ 6 3.0 Essay 3 Foreign Policy 1945-1972 ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Berlin ....................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Korea ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Berlin Wall ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 Cuba ...................................................................................................................................... 10 4.0 Essay 4: How did the US become involved in Vietnam and why did it escalate in the 1960’s? ..... 11 5.0 Essay 5 Harry Truman ..................................................................................
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...3N6 www.queensu.ca/sps Peter Hicksi Social Policy in Canada – Looking Back, Looking Ahead This paper discusses recent policy trends, the changing role of the various actors in the system, international comparisons and a range of other social policy topics. The immediate purpose of the paper is to examine the reasons why social policy analysts need to look into the future, and to explore ways of managing the inevitably large risks associated with such future-looking exercises. The underlying purpose, however, is simply to introduce a range of important Canadian social policy topic to students and others who are interested in social policy, but without much previous background in the areaii. The first part of the paper was taken directly from a 1994 presentationi that was intended to provide outside social policy experts (from Latin America in this case) with an overview of the Canadian social policy landscape, particularly of recent trends and possible future directions, mainly from a federal government perspective. At that time, major reform of social security policies was being discussed and I tried to give our visitors some flavour of the background to that reform, with particular emphasis on the i Peter Hicks was with the department of Human Resources Development Canada at the time of the 1994 paper which forms the basis of Part I of the present paper. The following year he left the Government of Canada to join the OECD in Paris. ii Indeed, this is a revised version...
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...Wall Street boomed and financial wheeler-dealers made vast profits, the international crises of the 1990s faded from memory. But now depression economics has come to America. When the great housing bubble of the mid-2000s burst, the U.S. financial system proved as vulnerable as those of developing countries caught up in earlier crises—and a replay of the 1930s seems all too possible. In this new, greatly updated edition of The Return of Depression Economics, Krugman shows how the failure of regulation to keep pace with an increasingly out-of-control financial system set the United States and the world up for the greatest financial crisis since the 1930s. He also lays out the steps that must be taken to contain the crisis and turn around a world economy sliding into a deep recession. Brilliantly crafted in Krugman's trademark style—lucid, lively, and supremely informed—this new edition of The Return of Depression Economics will become an instant cornerstone of the debate over how to respond to the crisis. ». PAUL KRUGMAN is the recipient of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Economics....
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...908C22 AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE ON MANAGING PEOPLE IN ORGANIZATIONS op yo Ann Frost and Lyn Purdy wrote this note solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to provide legal, tax, accounting or other professional advice. Such advice should be obtained from a qualified professional. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2008, Ann Frost and Lyn Purdy 1 Version: (A)2008-10-21 tC The work of organizations is done through people. Elaborate structures, systems, rules, and reporting relationships do little more than provide guidance for such behaviour — they do not produce it. Eliciting the needed behaviour is the job of managers. Increasingly, firms are also dependent on more than mere compliance to the dictates of management. Rather, a firm’s competitive success rests on its ability to respond quickly and flexibly, to innovate, and to continually improve. To achieve success, the organization requires the commitment of its members. Today’s managers face...
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...THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON ADULT EDUCATION IN ONTARIO By MICHELLE P. SCOTT Integrated Studies Project submitted to Dr. Angela Specht in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts – Integrated Studies Athabasca, Alberta April, 2008 Abstract This project consists of two parts. The first section is a literature review of the following topics: Adult education, Ontario’s approach to Adult education, four different pedagogical approaches to Adult education (andragogy, self-directed learning, informal and incidental learning, and emotions and imagination), education and globalization. These areas were reviewed to identify key elements around Adult education, as well as for how contemporary globalization shapes Adult education. The second section is a research essay building off of the literature review. Andragogy, self-directed learning, informal and incidental learning and emotions and imagination were examined to determine if these adult education philosophies were being practiced in Ontario. Globalization’s impact is a force with widespread reach and implications. Education will be vital for survival in a global community. The effect of globalization on adult education in Ontario was investigated. The principles of andragogy, self-directed learning and informal and incidental learning are evident in Canadian and Ontario teaching practices; however, emotions and imagination are absent in this discourse. Michelle Scott MAIS 701 Adult...
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...predicted, it currently carries very may reduce taxes to try to stimulate the little traffic—about 4,000 cars a day. By economy or raise taxes when they believe comparison, America’s longest suspension that aggregate demand is too high. bridge, the Verrazano Bridge that links New In this chapter, we will learn how discre- York City’s Staten Island to the borough of tionary fiscal policy fits into the model of Brooklyn, carries more than 300,000 cars short-run fluctuations we developed in each day. Chapter 10. We’ll see how deliberate In Japan, stories like this are common. During the 1990s the Japanese government What you will learn in this chapter: changes in government spending and tax policy affect real GDP. We’ll also see how ® What fiscal policy is and why it is an important tool in managing economic fluctuations ® Which policies constitute an expansionary fiscal policy and which constitute a contractionary fiscal policy ® Why fiscal policy has a multiplier effect and how this effect is influenced by automatic stabilizers ® How to measure the government budget balance and how it is affected by economic fluctuations ® Why a large public debt may be a cause for concern ® Why implicit liabilities of the government are also a cause for concern spent around $1.4 trillion on...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER CONTENTS Overview of the Chapter 2 Learning Objectives 2 Key Terms 2 Lecture Outline 3 Learning Objectives Revisited 9 Lecture Enhancers 10 Notes for Topics for Discussion and Action 12 Notes for Building Management Skills 16 Notes for Management For You 17 Notes for Small Group Breakout Exercise 17 Notes For Managing Ethically 19 Notes For Web Exercises 19 Notes for You’re the Management Consultant 19 Notes for Management Case 20 Notes for Management Case in the News from the pages of Business Week 21 Overview of the Chapter This chapter examines the organizational environment in detail. It identifies the principal forces—both task and general—that create pressure and influence management and thus affect the way organizations operate. It concludes with a study of several methods that managers can use to help organizations adjust and respond to forces in the organizational environment. Learning Objectives 1. Explain why being able to perceive, interpret, and respond appropriately to the organizational environment is crucial for managers’ success. 1. Identify the main forces in an organization’s general and task environments, and describe the challenges that each force presents to managers. 1. Discuss the main ways in which managers can manage the organizational environment. Key Terms barriers to entry brand loyalty command economy competitors customers demographic forces distributors economic...
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...businesses to benefit from the technical aspects of the Web. Now the term Web 2.0 is used to describe the changes in the World Wide Web that reflect the growing interest in collaboration, open sharing of information, and customer control. Many products and services such as podcasts, weblogs, videologs, social networking, bookmarking, wikis, folksonomy, and RSS feeds are already available, and many more are in development. As the focus moves from providing a new channel for existing businesses to empowering individual consumers with customized products, suddenly the Web is all about you! You can create your own video and post it on YouTube, sell your photos on iStockphoto, build a social networking site on Ning, and publish your ideas at Blogger. How did this happen? The marketing environment changed! First, technologies such as high-speed Internet, high-resolution displays, and file-transfer software were developed. Second, the regulatory environment changed to allow the exchange and sale of copyrighted materials such as songs and movies. Third, competitive forces by companies such as Apple, Google, eBay,...
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