...How the Black Death Affected the Modern World The Black Death is the worst plague that mankind has ever had to face, much worse than anything we face today. The mortality rate was astounding; whoever was unfortunate enough to become infected with the Black Death would die in a matter of days while suffering through a great deal of pain and agony (Snell). Its peak was around 1348-1353 in Europe, ranging from England all the way to Eastern Europe and beyond (The Black Death, 1348, 2001). The Black Death is thought to have started in China or central Asia, before spreading west. The plague then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1347. From there, it was probably carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population. All in all, the plague reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in the 14th century (Ibeji, 2011). The plague disease, generally thought to be caused by Yersinia pestis, is commonly present in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda (Edmonds). Plague was reportedly first introduced to Europe at the trading city of Caffa in the Crimea in 1347 (Whipps, 2008). After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol...
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...Black Death The Black Death was a devastation full of effects that led to a new revolution all around Europe. The major impact of Black Death was on the economy of the continent. Due to the shortages of labor, the wages increased to a high level. The population loss in Black Death also led to the prices of common commodities like wheat to decrease as well. With the shortage of labor and limited resources, the industry owners had to enhance their working methods. Therefore, an impact of the Black Death was the emergence of inventions that improved the way of life. Some would argue that this pandemic also lead to unequal distribution of wealth as to those who could grab opportunities went to be richer. Thus another impression of the plague was an increased gap between the rich and the poor. The way of life was enhanced for people around Europe and the women in Europe also went on join the working force. It is no surprise that Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in history. The plague burst out and started off the in winter of 1347-1348. The source of Black Death was traced back to the wild rodents of the steppes of central Asia even as far as Asia or China. Apart from China, some trace its origin back to Kurdistan and Iraq.1 The main concern wasn’t where it started but how it actually spread through the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. The plague first appeared in China and reached Crimea in 1346; from there it travelled to Constantinople and Sicily in...
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...between 1300 to 1650. For many peasants, their lives could be depicted as overwhelming, depressing, discouraging, and hopeless; yet, many events during these 350 years opened up opportunities for the peasantry to improve their lives. Events ranging from the Hundred Years War to the Black Death, and up until the beginning years of the Renaissance, changed the lives of the peasantry dramatically, all for the better. Before the Black Death reached Europe, peasants’ lives were very difficult. They usually never left the manor on which they served without the master’s permission. It was illegal for them to even move to another city or manor, if they so desired. They were forced to pay rent to their landlords for the land they cultivated themselves. In addition to the rent that was required of them, “they were also required to provide free labor on the lands used by the lord, known as a demesne.”[1] Although there were rewards to living on a manor, the peasantry had more advantages when the manorial system began to break down at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Even though the nobility still dominated rural Europe, peasants were beginning to move out of their status as servants. The Black Death, striking Italy in 1347, was one of the events that began to shape the lives of the peasantry. It is seen throughout history as one of the worst epidemics to ever hit the European nations. Later it became known as “the greatest natural catastrophe ever to strike Europe and one of the...
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...Cessation Tobacco Advertising and Promotion State Laws and Secondhand Smoke International Smoking Prevalence List of Tables Table 1: Smoking-Attributable Deaths Among Adults, 2000-2004 and Projected Smoking-Attributable Deaths Among Youth, 2003-2004 Table 2: Cigarette Consumption, United States, 1900-2007 Table 3: Number of Adults Who Were Current Smokers by Sex, Race, and Age, Selected Years, 1965-2009 Table 4: Percent of Adults Who Were Current Smokers by Sex, Race, and Age, Selected Years, 1965-2009 Table 5: Age-Adjusted Prevalence (%) of Current Cigarette Smoking by Persons 25 and Older by Sex, Race and Education, Selected Years, 1974-2009 Table 6: Percent of Adults Who Smoke by the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Daily and the Percent Who Smoked >24 Cigarettes Daily by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, Age and Education, Selected Years, 1974-2009 Table 7: Percent of Young Adults (Ages 18-24) Who Were Current, Former or Never Smokers by Sex, Race and Education, 1965-2009 Table 8: Current Cigarette Smoking Prevalence (%) Among Adults by State, Selected Years, 1984-2009 Table 9: Percent of Adults Who Use Other Tobacco Products by Age and Sex, 2002-2009 Table 10: Percent of All Middle and High School Students Who Were Current Users of Tobacco Products by Sex and Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2009 Table 11: Percent of High School Students Who Reported Current Cigarette Smoking By Sex, Race and Grade, 1991-2009 Table 12: Prevalence (%) of Daily Cigarette Smoking Among Students...
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...Moore, Paul History 109 (World Civilization) 08 September 2013 Professor Karl Golemo The rise of Christianity during the middle ages is part with the collapse of Rome. The mighty empire had fallen in the western part of the territory and this left the Christian churches as a source of political, social and cultural unity. The church for Christians found itself to be in a particularly strong position when it came to the nobility of the feudal system that was still in place. With the Roman Empire pretty much in shambles the Christians had the perfect model government to format a new judicial and administrative model after. And let’s be honest during the Middle Ages only the rich or clergy had access to reading and writing so with small lordships or local kings trying to hold on to what authority they thought they had the Church walked in or was handed the keys to the car and started moving towards a centralized control of politics. And like most ordeals when it comes to power and being in control of everything a monopoly starts and no one knows how to stop it. When an organization has claim on your going to heaven or hell along with how you should conduct yourself here in the present that is truly a lot of power which most did not defy. In one case the church had made requests for followers to commit themselves on Crusades of protecting the Holy land of Jerusalem and doing what is right in the sight of God. But with doing what right in God’s eye may be working together that...
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...The first evidence of the plague hitting Europe was at Sicilian port of Messina in Italy after a long voyage was taken place from the Black Sea. Many of the sailors boarding the ships were either found dead or ill from a mysterious cause that was unknown and therefore spreading the plague. This impacted the European society and lifestyle in that the economy and population were declining rapidly in just a few years. Several people during this time turned to their religious beliefs and blamed themselves because they believed God was punishing them for their sins. This leads to the question: “How significant was the belief in the Catholic faith during the Black Plague in Medieval Italy and what impact on society did this have?” To this day, the Black Plague is an event that can be interpreted in many ways. By investigating the event through the religious view, it challenges the views of...
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...Name: SCLY 1: Families and Households Revision Notes 2011-12 By the end of this unit you should be able to * answer any question on families and households ! Key definitions: A family is usually a group of people related by marriage or blood. A household is a person living alone or a group of people living together who may or may not be related. Theories of the family From the specification: The relationship of the family to the social structure and social change * Functionalist views: the importance of the nuclear family, the universality of the family, changing functions, how the nuclear family ‘fits’ modern society. * Marxist views: the family as part of the ideological state apparatus, as an agent of social control. * Feminist views: patriarchy; liberal, radical and Marxist feminism. Consensus/Positive views of the family | Conflict/critical views of the family | * Functionalist theories: the family performs positive functions for individuals and society * New Right theories: the family is the cornerstone of society, but it is under threat | * Marxist theories: the family provides important functions for capitalism * Feminist theories: the family reinforces gender inequality and patriarchy | Functionalist theories GP Murdock | Evaluation | Murdock argues that the family is a universal institution (it exists everywhere) that performs four major functions: * Stable satisfaction of the sex drive with the same partner, preventing the...
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... accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution of heretics increase during the high and later Middle Ages? You may focus on the persecution of ...
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...The Impact of the Black Death From the point of view of developing a pest and control methods, the manifestation of the plague in Europe historically known as "Black Death", “ fever " or "Bubonic plague" among other epithets, is a particular example of why a pest or plague can be developed and how can it be controlled. In this specific case, the plague is used to expand from the general conditions of a concrete reality, and disappears spontaneously when these conditions vary, these circumstances promoted behavioral changes to encourage changes in behavior and domestic actions of man, which in turn caused such a change of environment that disfavored the transcendence of the plague, which has its ultimate manifestation in the Old Continent nearly four hundred years after his arrival in Europe. Some people consider this event as the worst of the epidemics that affected man in its history. Although historically it has been established that the disease was bubonic plague acting with pneumonic and septicemic variants, some researchers attribute the high mortality registered to more than one disease, they base their statements and even in our times, by studying bones from graves that in which tradition is known to have been buried victims of the plague , in some cases there was no evidence of bubonic plague and its variants in one hand and in the other hand traces of other diseases such as Anthrax were found. What is certain and beyond doubt is that this epidemic ends with...
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...consist of Malcolm being smart with how he approached communicating with the people, he spoke and...
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...303 Printing Press, the Ancient Catalyst of Culture How did we get to the latest art form of printing, the wireless printer? Through years of evolutional design and determination, this technology was possible. The printing press allowed people to learn different styles of the art of printing, education, arts, literature, and cultural differences quicker, and learning was more widespread, in addition; it provided the world with the most efficient means of communication of the written word through mass production. I will show how the decision of humankind to advance the printing presses worthiness did advance literacy in many cultures. Through the printing presses, humble beginnings of block printing to the latest technological advancements, the printing press has continued to evolve in one form or other. The printing presses evolution would not be complete without some prior knowledge of how it all began; therefore, a little history is necessary to fully understand the evolutional picture of communicational needs and the printing press. In ancient times before the beginning of a written dialogue, when reading and writing was nonexistent, communication was nothing more than some obscured hand drawings on clay tablets or cave walls. Communication was limited to the imagination of the ancient artist who wanted to explain life’s surrounding and how to survive. The validation of communications in religion, life and death, and even war through pictorial drawings are further evidence...
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...A black teen with white parents was mistaken for burglar and assaulted by cops in his own home. The police department of the cops that assaulted the teen tried to defend themselves by saying that DeShawn, the black teen, did not obey the officer’s orders to the letter despite the fact that they were intruders in his own home. Instances similar to this are a prime example of how groups of people aren’t being represented and how they need to be protected. Racial profiling is happening everywhere today whether it be “random selection” at an airport, someone following you around a store, or even getting pulled over by a cop for no good reason. Reasoning behind this, is because if there was a scare about a group of people of certain race doing something...
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...to jazz as a way to feel free or even escape from their daily lives. With the social changes going on in the 20’s, like the parties and the way people behaved, jazz fit right in with the changing times. Many jazz enthusiasts will argue that you are born with a love of jazz (Jazz History: The Standards). Like Louis Armstrong once said, "if you have to ask what jazz is, you'll never know" (Music with Ease > Jazz Quotes). In conjunction with the roaring twenties, jazz made it to the top and became widely known across the United States, and even some parts of Britain, making it a worldwide movement. It came very popular with people who wanted to get away from their normal lives and escape into the swing of jazz. Novelist F Scott...
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...November 20, 2015 A.) Identification of Community Depending on how you drive around, LA County can look very different in various parts of the community. As California’s largest county, with 10,116,705 people in the county, it is not hard to imagine that there are vast differences in even a localized area (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000-2013). With Hispanics making up almost half the population, the remaining Whites, Asians and African Americans, as well as other cultures, lend to a very diverse community. You can be in a very affluent area and drive only a few short miles and be now surrounded by run-down buildings, homeless people on the streets and poverty-stricken neighborhoods. Because of this, our community has many different health concerns that will be addressed in this paper. B.) Assessment of Needs and Risks B1. Population Economic Status In Los Angeles County, of the 10 million residents, 18.9% of households are at or below the poverty level (Los Angeles County, 2015). With the national average being 14.8%, LA County is a community that has to take care of a greater amount of people that are in need (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). The average household income sits at $54,529 with African Americans being at the lowest median, around $36,609. Concurrently, they are also the population who has the highest percentage of poor, 38.1% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000-2013). LA County also has a high rate of homeless, which you can commonly see on the streets spread out...
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...the time industrialization changed the face of the world. It was an amazing time of scientific discovery, an age of exploration and a time where the very boundaries of knowledge were expanded since the end of the Roman Empire. One of the first things a student of the time is struck by is how similar the arguments at the dawn of this age are with the ones faced by contemporary people. Before analyzing that, it may be a good idea to get an idea of what the world was like, how people thought and what the hopes and dreams of the people of the time were. To do this, we first need to understand how that Europe came to be. The Black Death was the pivotal event of the High Middle Ages. In the span of a few short years the entire face of Europe changed. The plague began with the end of the Medieval Warm Period, which ran from the tenth century to the fourteenth. This shift to colder weather in Europe leads to widespread famine and years of uncertainty. Up until this time, Europe had enjoyed a rising population as well as a rising standard of living. People will increase their population to the limit of their food production. When people can no longer expand food production, then a day of reckoning will occur. Most good arable farmland was under cultivation and most of the marginal farmland was cultivated which produced much less food than the good arable farmland. The change to colder wetter weather proved devastating to the population. This, of course, had economic effects. ...
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