...The Olympics are a diverse and important event to people all over the world and have been going on for centuries. They have changed over time, but many of the traditions are the same. They have an interesting history and a special meaning to many. The Olympic Games started in 778 BC in Olympia. They were a celebration of the Olympic gods. They then continued until 393 AD, when Emperor Theodosius banned them. All male Greek citizens could participate as long as they were free and of Greek origin. Women were not allowed to participate, and only unmarried women could watch. Winners of the first Olympics had their name announce and received a palm branch while he was cheered for. Red ribbons would then be tied on his head and hands to symbolize his victory. Later, at the end of the games the winners would again be honored, this time at the temple of Zeus by being announced and receiving a sacred olive tree wreath to be placed on his head. Originally the Olympics took 1 day, but it 684 BC it was changed to 3 days. In 5th century BC they were again changed, this time to 5 days. The games originally included running, long jump, shot put, javelin, boxing, equestrian events, and pankration. The events eventually expanded so much that the Olympics was split into two events....
Words: 780 - Pages: 4
...Vitor Franca Mr. Michael Copeland IEP Writing Skills 7 May 2013 The Eight Michael Fred Phelps was born in 1985 and grew up in Baltimore. He decided to start swimming when his two sisters made their first attempt in the US Olympic trials. At first, he was afraid of putting his head under the water, but years passed and he was no longer scared by the water. When he decided to try his first swim meet, it was the moment he made his first decision, among many others, which he would make to achieve eight gold medals years later. "At the age of eleven, his mother took him to the see Bob Bowman, his future coach. Bob laid his eyes on Phelps and predicted Michael Phelps would be an Olympic swimmer by 2000. The decision to join a swim club with Bob Bowman was an easy one. At that time he was engaged in three more sports that he had to give up in order to be a swimmer. At twelve years old he was already winning every event, until one day when he had his first loss. Phelps was extremely upset and made the bad decision of throwing his goggles down. Bob Bowman advised him about his unsportsmanlike behavior. "It's when your body is not in the best situation, your mind is not in the best situation and things are against you those are the times that really count and really matter you overcome and rise to the occasion."" (Schaller 55) Two years later he swam in the U.S. National Championship, where he placed last in the 200-meter butterfly. Very disappointed, he made the decision...
Words: 1968 - Pages: 8
...join together in an effort that would forever change women’s participation in marathons. By the 1970’s, the Olympic Marathon had come a long way from the dusty roads of Athens. Yet women were still not allowed to compete and the struggle to establish a women’s Olympic Marathon was itself something of a long distance race. Before the 1980s, there were no women’s distance races in the Olympics. In the Moscow Games, the longest race for women was the 1,500 meters, which had been instituted in 1972. Women had been excluded from track and field competition altogether until 1928, when the longest race was the 800 meters. Despite a world record by winner Lina Radke of Germany, many of the competitors had not properly prepared for the race and several collapsed in exhaustion. This let Olympic organizers to consider the race too strenuous for the elimination of all women’s competition from the Games. This drastic move was not taken, but until 1960, when the 800 meters reappeared, no race over 200 meters was contested by women in the Olympics. This is not to say there was no tradition of women’s long-distance running. Women had been forbidden from participating in the ancient Olympics. A women who was caught even as a spectator at the Games could face execution. But women in ancient Greece held their own festival to honor the goddess Hera every five years. Only one athletic event was held a short foot race. When the Olympics were revived in 1896, women were again excluded...
Words: 2721 - Pages: 11
...China after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Abstract Mega events have intrigued the academia because of the huge impact they have on the host countries. Not only do mega events catalyse urban regeneration, they also have the ability to command international media’s attention. Furthermore, nations have been known to use mega events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and World Fair to rebuild image and draw in tourists to serve the economic development of the region. While the Olympics are one of the most studied mega events, most of them emphasise on the Western perspective probably because only three out of twenty-six Summer Games have been held in Asia. The most recent one is the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which is the focus of this research. In particular, this study aims to explore China’s image change after the event and the influencing factors that contribute to the change. One’s perception and image change are emotional and subjective; therefore, this research can gain a better insight through qualitative approach. Twenty participants from sixteen countries were recruited and interviewed for 20-30 minutes regarding the Beijing Olympics and related news around that time. The findings showed that China achieved moderate success in rebuilding its image in the economic and technological aspects. Many interviewees were impressed by its organising ability and modernisation. However, China failed to change its image through the Olympics when human rights violations...
Words: 31531 - Pages: 127
...Committee: 2002 Olympics. Harvard Business Review. 9-604-092 Submitted for Course Number MGT 537 Course Title: Personnel Management in Sports Professor Bonnie Tiell By: Tamara Irwin Ashville, Ohio June 23, 2010 Case Facts: This case study deals with the many variables that surrounded the hosting of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, Utah and the outside variables that threatened its operation. Not the least of these variables was the timing of the international event, just months after the 9/11 bombings in the U.S. The entire country was still trying to figure out how to operate safely and productively in the wake of the first direct attacks on our soil in centuries. Not only were U.S. citizens and businesses unsure of how to operate, foreigners were uncertain about traveling to the U.S. and businesses didn’t know how to operate with the new restrictions and guidelines immediately put into place after 9/11. The case study in the opening paragraphs on Page 1 describe how large the capital investments were in bringing the Olympics to this site and the only remaining way to generate revenues at this point in time were through ticket sales, which were suffering from the post 9/11 turmoil. (Bowen, 2006) This wasn’t the first symptom of trouble for the 2002 Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced in June of 1995 the selection of Salt Lake City, Utah as the site for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. In just over three years later...
Words: 1675 - Pages: 7
...public relations firm to work on the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The Chinese government felt it was necessary to hire a Western public relations firm for the 2008 Beijing Olympics in an effort to create a positive country image. Creating this positive image also included reducing human rights concerns that were being addressed by groups such as Darfur and Tibet. The public image of China could have negatively influenced international consumers’ attitudes and purchasing intentions for certain products and brands. The issues unfolding in China were going to be put under a microscope and magnified as media attention shifted to China because of the Olympics. The hot button issues called for more skilled and experienced public relations firms. Many believed that China did not deserve to host the 2008 Olympics. Lee (2010) wrote that supporters of World Peace advocated that China is contrary to the Olympic ideal, because there is no respect for individualism, the rule of law, or human rights and there is still evidence of summary executions taking place. China needed to change this image. The use of a well-received Olympic image would help to enhance and homogenize the perception of China on the international stage (Lee, 2010). The presented a great opportunity for China to show the current state of economic, cultural, social, and political development in China. Protests in Tibet and growing protests along the route of the Olympic Torch Relay caused the Chinese government to seek...
Words: 1576 - Pages: 7
...Engineering Faculty Publications Civil and Environmental Engineering 6-2013 1976 Montreal Olympics: Case Study of Project Management Failure Ashish Patel HWH Architects Engineers Planners, Inc, abp@hwhaep.com Paul A. Bosela Cleveland State University, p.bosela@csuohio.edu Norbert Delatte Cleveland State University, N.DELATTE@csuohio.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/encee_facpub Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, and the Construction Engineering and Management Commons Publisher's Statement © ASCE Original Citation Patel, A., Bosela, P., and Delatte, N. (2013). "1976 Montreal Olympics: Case Study of Project Management Failure." J.Perform.Constr.Facil., 27(3), 362-369. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil and Environmental Engineering at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact library.es@csuohio.edu. 1976 Montreal Olympics: Case Study of Project Management Failure Ashish Patel1 ; Paul A. Bosela, F.ASCE2 ; and Norbert J. Delatte, F.ASCE3 Introduction On May 12. 1970. extensive lobbyi ng and d iplomacy by Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau paid off when Montreal was awarded the 1976 O lympic Games over strong bids from Moscow and Los Angeles. Although both competing cities provided fimmc iul guarantees...
Words: 7817 - Pages: 32
...the 1980 U.S. Olympic Team winning the gold medal. In this movie, Kurt Russell plays Herb Brooks, the US team coach whose hard-nosed approach turns a group of undisciplined college players into an extraordinary and inspiring hockey team. Coach Brooks uses many characteristics that describe his approach to leadership. First characteristic would be that Brooks was very inspiring which is a positive characteristic and is consistent with TLC’s characteristics of exemplary leaders. Coach Brooks inspires confidence in his team by presenting a convincing game plan for beating the Soviets by showing the U.S. team complete faith that they can beat them. Brooks has a very inspiring speech before the Russian game by saying “if we play them ten times they might wine nine. But not this game. Not tonight. Tonight we are the greatest hockey team in the world!.” The U.S. team was very inspired and regardless of how intimidating the rival team was, Coach Brooks was able to carry his group of players all the way to Gold Medal. Other characteristics that describe Brooks are intelligent, determined, and very ambitious. Coach proves at the end of the movie that he was indeed intelligent and that his game plan was credible all along. He didn’t have many believers initially, but he sure proved the world wrong. Coach Brooks is not your typical coach; he uses many different approaches to build his team by making his down decisions and using different tactics to inspire his team to Olympic goal. Coach...
Words: 1289 - Pages: 6
... Executive summary Basketball is one of the major Olympic sports. And Olympic presentation of it should be as good as possible, as millions of people will watch the action from East London closely. They all want an extraordinary exhibition and performance, so the constructions of a top quality Basketball Arena, which will successfully host the games, require a lot of attitude. It is essential to understand that the arena must be a part of an Olympic vision and should address all the proposals and ideas which Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) and London as a capital of Great Britain want to introduce during games and after them. It required a lot of effort, knowledge and an experience to achieve the overall goal in delivering basketball arena. In the end the project become one of the biggest of its type ever built for such an event. Several firms, agencies and organisations worked closely with each other to deliver a successful result on each stage of the project. Introduction The Basketball arena was a unique challenge. It was the first time a 12000 seat temporary arena with a span of almost 100 m had been built in UK. Because of the size, scale, complexity and the cost of the venue, it went through considerable scrutiny, deliberation and change throughout the course of 2006-2009. Location of Basketball arena was changed to the former site of the Fencing hall after Olympic and Paralympics Fencing and Paralympics Judo were moved to Excel venue in Docklands...
Words: 2757 - Pages: 12
...surrounding the climatic 1980 Olympic hockey game between the USA and Russia, which provided Americans a much-needed boost in confidence and pride during a crisis-filled period of American history. The movie begins with several excerpts of national headlines through the 1970s, which gives the viewers a feel for the emotional state and problems of the nation during this time. The final excerpt is from a speech by President Jimmy Carter. President Carter is talking about what he believes is a fundamental threat to American democracy and he states...
Words: 2211 - Pages: 9
... The object of the game is to shoot a round ball into a circular basket. Basketball can be played in an organized manner or at a park or local gym for recreational purposes. Over the past 100 years the game of basketball has grown from a peach basket to highlight slam dunks. As time has passed by, the rules and the way the game is played has changed. New rules were implemented to make the game more enjoyable and create more of a competitive balance for all those who play. Players were given titles for the position they played like for example, the tallest player on the team was called the center. While the shortest player on the team or the person who dribbled the ball the best was called the point guard. The history of basketball has correlated with the history of the US during the 20th century. As the game and the country began to evolve, the game of basketball became the 2nd most played sport in the world behind soccer. Some of the major events in American history in the 20th century such as Brown vs. Board of Education impacted the growth and development of basketball in the beginning. Although, whites and blacks both played basketball, they did not play with or against each other until the 1950s on a pro level. Basketball was the only one of the four major sports to be played in the Olympics. Because the rules of basketball were easy to play and understand, the sport began to grow globally. Basketball players became international super stars and sports heroes. As...
Words: 2828 - Pages: 12
...BEST PRACTICE Waking Up IBM How a Gang of Unlikely Rebels Transformed Big Blue Six years ogo, IBM was a hasbeen. Today, it's an e-business powerhouse. It didn't turn around by imposing change from the top. It let ideas, initiatives, and enthusiasm bubble Lip from below. Maybeyour company should do the same. BYGARYHAMEL D o YOU REMEMBER WHEN IBM was a case study in complacency? Insulated from the real work! by layer upon layer of dutiful manaj;ers and obsequious staff, IBM's executives were too busy fighting their endless turf battles to notice that the company's once unassailable leadership position was crumbling around them. The company that held the top spot on fortune's list of most admired corporations for four years running in the mid-T98os was in dire need of saving by the early 1990s. Fujitsu, Digital Equipment, and Compaq were hammering down hardware margins. EDS and Andersen Consulting were stealing the hearts of CIOs. Intel and Microsoft were running HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW July-August 2000 137 BEST P R A C T I C E • Watting Up fBM that the data was being provided by Sun. And IBM didn't have a clue as to what was happening on the open Internet. It bothered me." The fact that IBM's mucketymucks were clueless about the Web Missing an Olympic wasn't exactly news to Grossman. Opportunity When he had landed at IBM a few years earlier, everyone was still usThe first match was struck in 1994 ing mainframe terminals. "I was in the backwoods of IBM's...
Words: 6141 - Pages: 25
...INTRODUCTION Olympics are mega-global event that attracts the attention worldwide with billions of audience watching on television, while millions flock to events as spectators. The media embraces the opportunity of covering every inch of the games. This kind of interest is what organisers face with no room for error in relation to external attacks or system failures of the event although risks are bound to occur to any project or program as in the case of Olympics. These risks may occur with a positive impact to the organisers though they dread to have negative risks, which causes ripple effect to the project. (Taylor, 2006) Getting everything right from the opening ceremony to closing ceremony, games schedules against venues, calls for a proper risk assessment to avoid any criticism. However, risks are such uncertain occurrences of events or condition to anticipate from the moment of the initial planning stages of bidding to host the Olympics Games. (Bartlett, 2004) 1.1 RISK HISTORY IN OLYMPICS (BACKGROUND) In 1972 Summer Olympics, Germany was the host nation of the games but unfortunately, terrorists struck and caused death to athletes. (Toohey and Veal, 2007) Figure 1: Source: The Sun publication Unlike the Munich massacre that involved the killing of athletes, a pipe bomb detonated at the Olympic village in Centennial Park in Atlanta, America-killing one woman and injuring over hundred people (Hails, 2008). Olympic Village...
Words: 4021 - Pages: 17
...Was Truman justified in dropping the A bomb? “What Truman did was try to hold off dealing with the Russians until he was certain that the bomb was going to work” (article 2).That's saying right there that the Atomic Bomb was being used to scared Russian. He still wasn't justified to drop that bomb and kill millions of innocent people. The war was over in the ETO, however there were still problems and fighting over there. The PTO however was still fighting, but America was winning. The problem in the ETO was who was going to control England. France, Britain, and Germany have tried and fails, so it was the US or Russia's time to prove themselves. A compromise was made among the Big 3 that said the western part of Germany was going to be controlled by France, Britain, and the US. The eastern part was going to be controlled by Russia. A reason why the US was winning in the PTO was because of an old Japanese tradition of never surrendering (article 3), this tradition meant victory or honorable death. This was a mistake due to the fact that the people who were...
Words: 569 - Pages: 3
...Nazi Propaganda: Selling Social Policy How was Hitler able to use social policy and propaganda to manifest support for the National Socialist Party Hitler’s radical antisemitism? by James C HIST2** Professor: Judith S****** The name Adolf Hitler, will be forever synonymous with one of the most oppressive and destructive eras in human history. Often regarded as the worst anthropological disaster in history, World War 2 was responsible for the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians alike who. This would mark “...the first [war] in which civilian populations became systematic, strategic targets.” (Merriman page1049) Driven by his intolerance or perhaps hatred, towards the Jewish people Hitler was able to turn a largely personal vendetta against Jews, into an issue of public policy, and ultimately one of the largest genocides ever documented[1]. How did one mans ideas, Hitler’s anti-semitism, evolve from the hurtful words of Mein Kampf to anti-Jewish laws in Nazi Germany and ultimately the biggest recorded savagery in the History of mankind? Although the blood of over 6million Jews stains his hands, Hitler was not alone in his actions; he required support. This essay examines various theories regarding the conception of Hitler’s antisemitic values and asks how Hitler was able to use social policy and propaganda to manifest support for his would be genocidal Nazi regime. Central to comprehending policy decisions made by Hitler, is an understanding of his...
Words: 3758 - Pages: 16
