...University of Phoenix Material Week 1 Assignment Worksheet Matching Match the following descriptions to the correct perspective: 1. ___B.___ perspective focuses on how learning experiences affect behavior, and focuses on behavior that is observable. 2. __E___ perspective focuses on the effect of unresolved conflicts from childhood, and how those conflicts unconsciously shape behavior. 3. __D___ perspective focuses on free will, conscious choices, and self-awareness, and views humans as distinct individuals with unique characteristics. 4. ___C__ perspective examines the mental processes used to obtain knowledge, and focuses on how information is processed, stored, retrieved, and manipulated. 5. __A___ perspective focuses on how factors like age, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and income level influence behavior, attitudes, and mental processes. A. Sociocultural B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Humanistic E. Psychodynamic Table Provide a description of the function of the structures or hormones listed. |Structure |Hormone(s) released (if applicable) |Description or function | |Frontal lobe |CRH Corticotropin-releasing hormone |Helps with decision making | |Somatosensory cortex |CRH |Sensory receptive area for the sense of touch...
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...To all the things that we do not perceive but are there for us to see are call Environmental Stimulus and we call Attended Stimulus to those things in our environment that catch our attention, the things to which we pay attention. One’s a perception happens we recognize the object or situation another proses began to transform this information into action according to our knowledge. This one is always influence by our knowledge, colors and interest. This information brought to a situation can be something learned time ago or knowledge gained by events previews to the present event. In this subject there are some tools that help us perceive they are call fundamental quintiles. They work thru our knowledge and help us recognize position, mass, or displacement. Example on a play perception of the audience is different than what goes on behind the séance. Behind the séance there are so many thinks going on that we are not aware of. On the other hand for someone when is on the audience and has work as on a play would have a different perception then everyone else, he might see the nerviest from the actors, or would see details that no one else can see. This is because our knowledge changes the perception of what we see or hear. In this example we see that the Environment stimulus is all thinks that we can potentially perceive like the trees or flowers. Aon the other hand the attended stimuli would be the bear. The process is constantly repeated all the time, our body gas sensors...
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...at any time during a gallop. Muybridge sets up a series of cameras along the horses path; which are set to trigger in sequence as the horse runs by. The mechanism that was used for this to occur is called a Phenakistoscop. After successfully taking the pictures of the horse in motion he continued to take picture of other animals and the such. He eventually published the book "Animal Locomotion" containing these images. His work was great help not only artistically but scientifically to the world. Now although animation is possible to produce what good would it be without someone to watch and who better than a human. Mainly because of how we see and perceive motion. An example would be a slow moving hand we can see crisp and clear and tell that its moving and where it is at all times. Now let us say that hand is moving really fast now as if someone is throwing a punch. It is not super clear but we are still able to block, dodge, or parry that punch. We are able to do that because of the motion blue affect which allows us to see high rates of movement is fluid actions. If we were to see each frame of movement it would seem choppy to us, so instead we have a blurred object that we are still able to perceive and react to. This...
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...Annotated Bibliography PSY/ 345 Annotated Bibliography Cavanagh, P. (1992). Attention-based motion perception. Science, 1563-1565. Retrieved August 09, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/stable/2879947?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Attention often plays a crucial role in motion perception. For example, when a stimulus contains two components moving in opposite directions, attentive tracking of either one can reveal its motion independently of the other. Many neurons in primary visual cortex are sensitive to the direction of motion and attention might act by selecting one or the other of these low-level motion responses. Experiments have demonstrated that the perception of motion during attentive tracking can arise independently of low-level motion responses and may be derived from the internal signals that move the focus of attention. What the studies found in this experiment is tracking of spatial features depends on identifying form boundaries, and it appears that the form signal from luminance is especially susceptible to masking by color. This might be expected because any object traveling through a shadowed environment will have many luminance boundaries drifting across it that are unrelated to the object and need to be discounted, whereas color boundaries are more reliably tied to object borders Cues for depth perception. (1998). British...
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...Socrates Philosopher Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, Wikipedia “Personal background” Born: 469 BC, Athens, Greece Died:399 BC, Athens, Greece Full name: Socrates Nationality: Greek Era: Ancient philosophy Region: Western philosophy School: Classical Greek Main interests: Epistemology, ethics Notable idea: SocraticMethod, Socratic irony Influenced: Most subsequent Western philosophy; more specifically, Plato, Aristotle, Aristippus, Antisthenes Spouse:Xanthippe Children:Menexenus, Lamprocles, Sophroniscus Aristotle Philosopher Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great “Personal background” Born: 384 BC Stagira, Chalcidice Died: 322 BC (aged 61 or 62) Euboea Nationality: Greek Era: Ancient philosophy Region: Western philosophy School: Peripatetic schoolAristotelianism Main interests: Physics, Metaphysics, Poetry, Theatre, Music, Rhetoric, Politics, Government, Ethics, Biology, and Zoology Notable ideas: Golden mean, Aristotelian logic, syllogism, hexis, homomorphism, Aristotle's theory of soul Plato Philosopher Plato was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western...
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...Corinth. Terp. Was he alive or dead? Euc. He was scarcely alive, for he has been badly wounded; but he was suffering even more from the sickness which has broken out in the army. Terp. The dysentery, you mean? Euc. Yes. Terp. Alas! what a loss he will be! Euc. Yes, Terpsion, he is a noble fellow; only to-day I heard some people highly praising his behaviour in this very battle. Terp. No wonder; I should rather be surprised at hearing anything else of him. But why did he go on, instead of stopping at Megara? Euc. He wanted to get home: although I entreated and advised him to remain he would not listen to me; so I set him on his way, and turned back, and then I remembered what Socrates had said of him, and thought how remarkably this, like all his predictions, had been fulfilled. I believe that he had seen him a little before his own death, when Theaetetus was a youth, and he had a memorable conversation with him, which he repeated to me when I came to Athens; he was full of admiration of his genius, and said that he would most certainly be a great man, if he lived. Terp. The prophecy has certainly been fulfilled;...
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...Perception & Psychophysics 2004, 66 (6), 926-942 Effects of grouping and attention on the perception of causality HOON CHOI and BRIAN J. SCHOLL Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Beyond perceiving patterns of motion in simple dynamic displays, we can also perceive higher level properties, such as causality, as when we see one object collide with another object. Although causality is a seemingly high-level property, its perception—like the perception of faces or speech—often appears to be automatic, irresistible, and driven by highly constrained and stimulus-driven rules. Here, in an exploration of such rules, we demonstrate that perceptual grouping and attention can influence the both perception of causality in ambiguous displays. We first report several types of grouping effects, based on connectedness, proximity, and common motion. We further suggest that such grouping effects are mediated by the allocation of attention, and we directly demonstrate that causal perception can be strengthened or attenuated on the basis of where observers are attending, independent of fixation. Like Michotte, we find that the perception of causality is mediated by strict visual rules. Beyond Michotte, we find that these rules operate not only over discrete objects, but also over perceptual groups, constrained by the allocation of attention. Long traditions in both philosophy and psychology have concerned themselves with the origin of our notions of cause and effect, precisely...
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...Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Lecture 6 & 7 • Learning Outcomes • Define and differentiate between sensation and perception. • Identify the parts of the eye, describe the properties of light and the theories of color vision. • Learning Outcomes • Describe how visual perception is organized. • Identify the parts of the ear; explain the sense of hearing. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the chemical senses. • Identify the skin senses and theoretical explanations for pain. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the kinesthetic and vestibular senses. • Explain why psychologists are skeptical about extra sensory perception. • Sensation and Perception • What are Sensation and Perception? • “I have perfect vision” –Heather Sellers has problem with her perception. She cannot recognize faces-prosopagnosia (face blindness) “In college, on a date at the Spaghetti Station, I returned from the bathroom and plunked myself down in the wrong booth, facing the wrong man. I remained unaware he was not my date even as my date (a stranger to me) accosted Wrong Booth Guy, and then stormed out of the Station. I can’t distinguish actors in movies and on TV. I do not recognize myself in photos or video. I can’t recognize my stepsons in the soccer pick-up line; I failed to determine which husband was mine at a party, in the mall, at the market” This curious mix of “perfect” vision and face blindness illustrates the distinction between sensation and perception. • 1. What are Sensation...
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...has resolved to sweep away all he thinks he knows and to start again from the foundations, building up his knowledge once more on more certain grounds. Rather than doubt every one of his opinions individually, he reasons that he might cast them all into doubt if he can doubt the foundations and basic principles upon which his opinions are founded. What he learned is through senses. But they can be deceived. Use dream example. Convinced objects in dream are real. Dream images are drawn from waking experience. Meditator concludes, though he can doubt composite things, he cannot doubt the simple and universal parts from which they are constructed like shape, quantity, size, time, etc. While we can doubt studies based on composite things, like medicine, astronomy, or physics, he concludes that we cannot doubt studies based on simple things, like arithmetic and geometry. Simple things can be doubted. God would not deceive. It is an evil demon’s work (Meditation 2- cogito ergo sum and sum res cogitans)He recalls Archimedes' famous saying that he could shift the entire earth given one immovable point: similarly, he hopes to achieve great things if he can be certain of just one thing. Recalling the previous meditation, he supposes that what he sees does not exist, that his memory is faulty, that he has no senses and no body, that extension, movement and place are mistaken notions. Perhaps, he remarks, the only certain thing remaining is that there is no certainty. Then, he wonders,...
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...Through the perceptual process, we gain information about properties and elements of the environment that are critical to our survival. A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception These factors can reside: i) In the perceiver ii) In the Object or target being perceived or iii) In the context of the situation in which the perception is made. 1. Characteristics of the Perceiver: Several characteristics of the perceiver can affect perception. When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she stands for, that interpretation is heavily influenced by personal characteristics of the individual perceiver. The major characteristics of the perceiver influencing perception are: a) Attitudes: The perciver's attitudes affect perception. For example, Mr. X is interviewing candidates for a very important position in his organization - a position that requires negotiating contracts with suppliers, most of whom are male. Mr. X may feel that women are not capable of holding their own in tough negotiations. This attitude with doubtless affect his perceptions of the female candidates he interviews. b) Moods: Moods can have a strong influence on the way we perceive someone. We think differently when we are happy than we do when we are depressed. In addition, we remember information that is consistent with our mood state better than information that is inconsistent with our mood state. When in a positive mood, we form more positive impressions...
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... This case study involves the importance of perceptions and how it effect attributions in the business world. We will use Joe Salatino, President of Great Northern American, as an example of how businesses can be successful when their customers are their top priority and employees learn how to understand their customer needs to improve sales. There are three learning theories operational conditioning, social learning and learning. We will discuss how one of these theories would be appropriate for Mr. Salatino’s business and how that theory could improve his employee’s performance. The last item is how self-efficacy is used to ensure the best candidate is hired for the company who can be successful. Mr. Salatino has a successful 35 year business. The reason is based on paying his employees bonuses and commissions in relation to their sales. The one thing Mr. Salatino’s employees need to understand is the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions. So, what is perception? Perception is “the process, by which the individual selects, organizes, interprets, and responds to information” (Organization Behavior, p. 104). However, one perceives something to be is true to them even though their perception could be completely wrong. Our perceptions remain the same unless something in our internal or external environment illustrates we could be wrong. People perceive things differently due to the perceptual process of noticing objects in their...
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...Dillon Marchello 4/25/16 PL101 Taking Control of Perception Filters Throughout life, people go through their day to day schedules seeing and perceiving just about every experience in a “certain light.” A light in which shade is brighter, darker or just “blah” depending on that person’s overall self-awareness, mood or attitude. An individual’s mood or “filter,” as I like to call it, acts as a pair of glasses that can literally transform all of your surroundings and how you experience them. Your mood and emotions (for the most part) determine the “type” of glasses you are perceiving your reality through. If an individual is angry, their “angry glasses” will be slipped on, seemingly subconsciously, and the “energy” around them immediately loses its value and becomes diminished in a sense. Think about it, have you ever woken up, and as you were getting out of bed you stubbed your toe, and the rest of your day seemed to be more aggravating than usual? Maybe your commute to work seemed slower and more agonizing, or when you finally got to work your boss asked you to pick up an extra task because someone else didn’t show up that day. In other words, everything seemed more tedious to the point where you are just “not in the mood.” It is not that, all of the sudden, on that specific day the world changed its perception and attitude towards you, but because you changed your perception and attitude towards the world. The most dangerous part about these perception filters is that it...
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...Buds Operation of the Chemical Senses Other senses: Skin Other Senses: Balance and Body Position Perception Figure-ground Perception The Wholeness of Figure Perception Perceptual Grouping Perception and Attention Stimulus Variation and Perception Perceptual Constancies Visual Perception of Distance Visual Perception of Motion Hearing Perception Illusions as "Errors" in Perception USING PSYCHOLOGY: Clothing Extrasensory perception (ESP) REVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? 183 Sensation and Perception WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Instructors in Driver Education advise their students to look twice in both directions before driving across an intersection. Why? "Watch it, Klausman! Watch where you're going!. . . Well, would you look at that. He ran into the goal post!" PSYCHOLOGY: Exploring Behavior Sensation and Perception 184 Moments later, "Klausman, how many times have I told you? You've got to look where you're going! What if that had been a defensive player from the opposing team? How do you feel?" "I feel OK, coach, but I've got a bad ringing in my ears." What causes the ringing in your ears that you may hear after bumping your head? How can ice skaters in a dancing routine make high-speed spinning turns without getting so dizzy that they lose their balance? Some experimenters have reported frequent successes in transmitting images and thoughts between widely separated individuals. Does extrasensory perception exist? Sensation and perception identify...
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...wants to lead the prayer?”“Thank you Ms. /Mr._____ for leading the prayer. Again, good morning!”“Ms. /Mr. Secretary may I know who are the absent for today?”"you may take your seat and please arrange your chairs""I will give you a minute to prepare yourself & do what you want before we proceed to our lesson""Okay class, sit properly and please listen attentively in our discussions." | “Good morning Ma’am”(One Student will lead the prayer)(The secretary will stand and tell who are the absentee)(the students will arrange their chair and take their seat)(the students can do anything)“yes ma’am” | B. Motivation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | "Before we start our lesson, let’s have a simple ice breaker first.""this ice breaker is called "4 pics 1 word""Do any of you know this game?""How it goes?""Thank you. You’re right. I will show 4 pictures that are related to each other and you just guess what does the pictures shows. You will write the answers in the box provided.""Shall we start?"(show picture #1)"Can you guess what does these pictures shows?""Yes Ms. /Mr._____?""Yes you're right."(reveal the answer)"Thank you for answering. The answer is AlDub. Can you please write the answer in the boxes?""thank you""how about this one"(show picture #2)"Can you guess it?""Yes Ms. /Mr._____?""Great. You’re right."(reveal the...
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...Name Professor Course Date Metaphysics METAPHYSICS The word metaphysics is derived from Greek words; Meta meaning beyond or after while physicia means physical which refers to the works on matter by Aristotle in antiquity (Statile, et al. 2006). Therefore, it is literally after physics. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the understanding and the explanation of the fundamentals of Nature of being and the world (Statile, et al. 2006). It seeks to investigate the principles of reality; state of things as they exist and whether or not they are observable or comprehensible. Aristoterian hylomorphism Aristotelian hylomorphism is a philosophical theory that was developed by Aristotle, which analyzes substances into matter and form. Aristotle theory seeks to understand the inherent quality in matter that a substance conceives as forms (Statile, et al. 2006). Aristotle’s hylomorphism theory, therefore, seeks to relate matter and form, soul and body and substantial form, accidental form and prime matter. This theory has given rise to many debates by scholars as according to this theory; it is workable especially in proximate and non proximate matter. According to the definition of matter and form hylomorphism theory, is not workable with regards to body and soul. Matter and form According to Aristotle, the fundamental question is not “Is X matter?” but rather “what is the matter of X?” (Statile, et al. 2006). Aristotle, therefore, defines the matter...
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