...Understanding and supporting the development of a child is an important obligation for all carers. The holistic approach to a child’s development seeks to simultaneously address the physical, linguistic, intellectual, social and emotional aspects of a child’s life. The important fact of the holistic approach is that the child is given the ability to learn different things at his/her different stages of development. This essay will explore why play is important for the holistic development of a child, how playing has an impact on the child’s maturation and how play changes in the first six years of a child’s life. Because of its multi-faceted nature and the fact that it is an intrinsically spontaneous and unpredictable phenomenon, ‘play’ has proved to be extremely difficult to define and research. According to Bruce (1991), ‘play’ is a mechanism for learning, and is one of the most important dispositions to support children’s learning: ‘free-flow play seems to be concerned with the ability and the opportunity to wallow in ideas, experiences, feelings and relationships’ (Bruce, 1991, p42).While playing, children learn how to interact with peers, manage their feelings, explore the world and create new experiences. It can be argued that play helps the child’s cognitive development, which has been agreed upon by theorists, Vygotsky and Piaget. This learning through play will be disused further in the following pages of this thesis. There seems to be a general difficulty to define...
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...How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 1 Claytonia L. Butler Grand Canyon University ECH- 515 October 9, 2013 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 2 While searching for information on the topic, I found that language abilities and deficiencies does have a major impact in literacy development. Especially in children from birth to third grade when their language skills are developing. Language abilities and deficiencies should be observed when a child is between Birth to 3rd Grade. Children with poor listening and speaking skills are referred to as having language impairment. Children with language impairment that have reading disorders, are usually defined as having poor reading achievement. The two main components of language development that will be discussed in this essay are: Language Deficiencies and Language Abilities. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word deficiency means: to have a lack of something needed: the state of not having enough of something necessary. In children who exhibit complications involving phonetic understanding and reading deficiencies will most likely have literacy delay and progress in their overall learning. A deficiency in English language skills can cause problems with teachers and other people whom children encounter as they progress through school...
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...Infancy Anna Parks PSY/375 7-21-14 Dr. Luster Infancy Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as language, speech, perception, and motor skills. A young child’s life is influenced by parents and family members, which is why they have a significant impact on the child’s development. When a child is old enough to attend school, he or she will also begin to adapt to the atmosphere of the school they are attending and to educational environment in that school; this will in turn affect the child’s cognitive development and social skills. When a baby is first born, his or her brain begins to go through developmental changes. During the early stages of childhood, experiences can be split into two categories, experience-expectant and experience-dependent. Expectant experiences are those experiences that are common and somewhat universal experiences, and that most infants go through. Some of these experiences can be, but are not limited to, love from parents or families, perception of surrounding objects, and recognizing facial expressions (Berger, 2008). Dependent experiences are less universal and are more individualized, and...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as language, speech, perception, and motor skills. A young child’s life is influenced by parents and family members, which is why they have a significant impact on the child’s development. When a child is old enough to attend school, he or she will also begin to adapt to the atmosphere of the school they are attending and to educational environment in that school; this will in turn affect the child’s cognitive development and social skills. Family Influences When a baby is first born, his or her brain begins to go through developmental changes. During the early stages of childhood, experiences can be split into two categories, experience-expectant and experience-dependent. Expectant experiences are those experiences that are common and somewhat universal experiences, and that most infants go through. Some of these experiences can be, but are not limited to, love from parents or families, perception of surrounding objects, and recognizing...
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...structured system of gestures, signs and symbols used to communicate. • Communication- the transmission of thoughts, feelings or information via body language, signals, speech or writing. • speech, language and communication needs- are additional or special needs that affect a person’s ability to communicate and interact effectively with others. 1.2 Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children's development: Learning: • Babies use sounds and facial expressions to communicate needs and express themselves. • Toddlers...
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...Lifespan Development Paper Developmental psychology is unit or branch of psychology which is concerned with the study of progressive behavioral changes in an individual from birth until death.Developmental psychology seeks to address various aspects of human development, including physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development. This paper will focus on the developmental psychology as it relates to infancy. Infancy is the time from birth until the age of one year old. What factors affect physical development? A baby; a precious new life is brought into the world and what an amazing and wonderful first year of life is in store for not only this child but his or her parents as well. During their first year, babies start to develop skills they will use for the rest of their lives. The normal growth of babies can be broken down into the following areas: Gross motor skills such as controlling the head, sitting, crawling and maybe even starting to walk. Fine motor skills like holding a spoon, picking up a piece of cereal between thumb and finger. Sensory skills are learning to use our senses in seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling. Language development skills are starting to make sounds, learning some words, understanding what people say and Social skills is learning the ability to play with family members and other children. Culture has a major influence in regards to a child’s development. If a child is overstimulated or even under stimulated;...
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...Although sometimes seen by parents or even educators as a “waste of time”, 21st century scholars consider that “free-play” (Bruce, T., 2006) has significant short and long term benefits for children, leading to a healthy psychical and emotional development and better understanding of the world (Bjorklung & Pellegrini in Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2010). This article will cover an explanation of the concept of play, from different perspectives, together with its characteristics and types, taking into account the latest findings in the child development literature on the impact and benefits of play. I will also examine how play facilitates and is impacted by the child’s physical, intellectual, linguistic, emotional and social development during the first six years of life and how adults can support play. Drawing from the works of Moyles (2005), Bruce (2006), Mcleod-Brudenell and Kay (2008), MCI (undated), Goldschmeid & Jackson (2009) and Wood & Attfield (2005), play is a freely chosen process in which children engage with their already acquired knowledge, values and skills, and which has as end result, although not direct purpose, the development or refinement of further lifelong physical, socio-emotional and cognitive skills. It is a natural inclination (Moyles, 2005), a creative attitude in which the child attains a degree of independence supported by the representations of his inner and outer worlds (Wood & Attfield, 2005). There are several characteristics...
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...CHILD DEVELOPMENT Principles & Perspectives © 2005 Joan Littlefield Cook Greg Cook 0-205-40028-0 Exam Copy ISBN 0-205-31411-2 Bookstore ISBN Visit www.ablongman.com/replocator to contact your local Allyn & Bacon/Longman representative. s a m p l e c h a p t e r The pages of this Sample Chapter may have slight variations in final published form. Allyn & Bacon 75 Arlington St., Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 www.ablongman.com Cognitive Development Piagetian and Sociocultural Views CHAPTER PREVIEW Piaget’s Constructivist View of Cognitive Development Vygotsky’s Sociocultural View of Cognitive Development • Piaget as a Child Prodigy • Constructivism and Interaction with the Environment Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development • Vygotsky’s Background: The Sociocultural Context for a New Theory • The Role of Speech and Language • Mediation: With a Little Help from Your Friends • The Zone of Proximal Development • Scaffolding: Support during Learning Recent Sociocultural Views of Cognitive Development • Stage 1: Sensorimotor Thought (Birth to 2 Years) • Stage 2: Preoperational Thought (2 to 7 Years) • Stage 3: Concrete Operational Thought (7 to 11 Years) • Stage 4: Formal Operational Thought (Approximately Age 12 and Above) • Evaluation of Piaget’s Theory • Piaget’s Legacy • Situated Cognition • Guided Participation • Thinking as Socially Shared Cognition: Two Heads Are Better than One “Maria wants to pick the best school for her sons, so she...
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... Unit F922: Child development The portfolio work you produce for this assignment will be assessed to decide your mark for this unit. You need to produce evidence based on the study of a child up to the age of eight years. NB: To enable you to fully cover the requirements of this unit, the child you choose should be at least eight years old as it is difficult to project the development of the child. Your evidence needs to include: A description of two patterns (milestones) in each area of development of children, described from birth to eight years explaining two methods of monitoring development An explanation of the factors that have influenced the child studied and how they have affected his/her development, comparing their development with the norms Research relating to two roles of play and how they can be reflected in the development of the child studied Records of the planning of a learning aid for the child studied to use and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the aid and the benefits to the child studied. (You will use a different child under 8 years for AO4) PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (AO1 A) Identify the key stages and describe in detail two patterns (milestones) of development for each of the following: Physical growth and development (suggest 1 dev & 1 growth, eg gross motor skills & teeth) Intellectual development (suggest cognitive & writing) Language development (have to do verbal & non-verbal) ...
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...Childhood Assessment………………………………………. 19 7. Ethical Considerations of Assessing Young Children……………………………………. 20 8. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 9. Maya’s Assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 23 10. References………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28 2|Page ASSIGNMENT 03 – PYC4807 – STUDENT NUMBER 30440351 1. Introduction Children develop at different rates and in different ways. Parents and caregivers who are concerned about a child's development would seek developmental assessment and intervention from a health professional in order to support that child to reach his/her maximum potential. Young children are difficult to assess due to their high activity levels, distractibility, short attention span, and limited ability to concentrate. As a result, the assessment practitioner needs to have a good knowledge on how to work with children (Tutorial Letter 101 Psychological Assessment, 2013). The assessment of these young children therefore requires full investigation into the child's...
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... INTRODUCTION : AIM, OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE Aim The Aim of this assignment is to choose a toy and critique it using a range of important criteria. Objectives In order to complete this assignment I intent to: * Compile a comprehensive checklist of assessment criteria with which to assess any toy, equipment or play space. * Use the checklist to assess my chosen toy. * Write up and evaluate my findings. * Outline and evaluate the role of the adult in relation to the toy. Below an imagine of my chosen toy –Duplo Deluxe Box of Fun Rationale I hope that this will allow me to have a more comprehensive understanding of the development and play value of the toy. To see how “Lego Duplo Box”, the toy I have chosen, stands up in relation to play and development values and if there are many changes required to improve it....
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...each person your consent form to sign. In collecting your qualitative data and writing your paper, use these guidelines: Demographic data/informal observations For each person note age, sex, and other identifying information (e.g. “10 year old girl, attends sixth grade in a public school”; “single college student age 22”; “mother of four with children aged X, Y, Z”; “ divorced grandmother, has X children, and X grandchildren). Describe the person's appearance and manner. Is she well groomed, attractive, overweight? Does she seem happy, depressed? Are there specific things that stand out visually about her? For a young teenager, where is she with regard to pubertal development? For an older adult, how does she seem to be functioning, physically, cognitively? How does the person respond to you? Does she seem guarded, anxious, delighted to talk? Do some topics seem very emotional for her? How...
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...Levi: A Child Case Study Mallory Howresko Klamath Community College Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 DATA COLLECTION 2 Child Information 2 Family Background 2 Medical History 2 Current Functioning 2 ANALYSIS/SYNTHESIS 2 Strengths and Weaknesses 2 How to Improve on Weaknesses 2 Reflection 2 OBSERVATIONS TOOLS AND SAMPLES 2 Rating Scale 2 Running Record 2 Anecdotal Record 2 Rubric 2 Work Samples 2 INTRODUCTION The following case study is on a young preschool boy. The study took place over 56 days. The observations were done at two places, Frenchglen School and Rock Creek Ranch. The observer was able to see and document how the preschool years impact a child’s physical, mental and emotional development. DATA COLLECTION Child Information This case study is on a young 4 year old Caucasian boy. For the sake of confidentially I will refer to him as “Levi” throughout this study. Levi M. was born on March 15, 2010 in Helena, Montana. He is four years old with blonde hair, brown eyes and a slim build. He weighs approximately 40 pounds and is 38.5 inches tall. Levi is full of energy, talkative and curious. He is incredibly outgoing and always eager to show you what he can do or say. He has a tendency to be a tad bossy, but has a huge heart. He loves anything cowboy and the color blue. Levi is an only child and lives at home with his father and mother. Family Background He lives with his mother and father on a ranch in Oregon. Their house is part of Rock Creek...
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...Expectation of Development in Early Adolescence Amy Whalen Carrington College, Reno Expectation of Development in Early Adolescence Bone fractures are a common occurrence during the childhood years. Children are vulnerable to injury because of the daily activities they perform, the risks they take, and the rate of growth. This can impact the growth and development both physiologically and psychologically for the child. Adolescents can view this type of injury as an impact on their social development and can see their recovery as a slow process that is robbing them of their time with their peers. Although it is crucial to focus on the healing process physiologically for an adolescent, it is also important to ensure the teen is developing appropriately through the psychological stages of life. The developmental stages introduced by Erikson, Freud, Piaget, and Kohlberg help to determine a child’s path into adulthood. This patient is a fourteen year old male that lives at home with his parents and is a freshman in high school. The patient appears to be well nourished, his stated age, and aware of his surroundings. When the patient was playing soccer when he was involved in a collision with his opponent. He was struck in the right leg and fell to the ground with severe pain. The patient was transported to the emergency department by his coach for apparent trauma to the right leg. After being evaluated by the emergency room physician, the patient was diagnosed with a...
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...QUESTION 1 (B) - Students who go to class half an hour later than the prescribed start time for eight classes in a semester lost every desirable privileges (breaks during class, no football games, graduation dinner etc.). After the rule was implemented, there seemed to be a marked improvement in student attendance in class. How does operant conditioning explain the students’ behavior? Introduction Operant conditioning was thoroughly studied by Burrhus Frederick Skinner (B.F. Skinner), which he confirmed that someone learning ability is displayed by his or her behavior. When a factor in the person’s environment changes the consequences that they endure from their learning, can cause a positive or a negative impact on their behavior, which he categorize as reinforcers or punishments. Therefore, Operant Conditioning is a tool that can influence a person’s increasing or decrease his or her behavior by the consequences of their behavior. Operant conditioning will be illustrated by the behavior of the students when removing negative reinforcement or punishment or adding positive reinforcement or punishment (Robins et al, 2013). In this paragraph, the student’s behavior will be explained using Negative Reinforcement with the illustration of their behavior being increased frequently, towards the termination of the unfavorable consequence, which is, not having the privileges. From the question, the students attended to class early, which is their behavior, in order to avoid...
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