...This essay will go into detail how through 1348 to roughly 1750 the environment affected humans. Though humans did affect the environment the environment affected humans on a larger scale. In this essay, I will be using Cortes on Tenochtitlan, Leo Africanus, and The Liberation of Constantinople as sources. These sources will be used in order to support the reasoning for the environment affecting humans on a large scale. Before I get into my paper I am going to define the environment that I will be using, that being environment as in the surrounding conditions such as weather and geography. I will start with the quote from Cortes, “This strait is a bow-shot wide, and connects the two lakes; and by this means a trade is carried on between the cities and there settlements on the lakes in canoes without the necessity of traveling by land” (Cortes, 1). As we have read throughout the course so far trade is very important to civilizations. The environment that is previously stated affected humans because it allowed them to make trade between cities and settlements. This is very important because at those times trade is crucial if you are not able to make or grow all the supplies you need,...
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...Relationship between Stress, Anxiety, Habits and Phobias and Describe How You Would Treat these Issues with Hypnotherapy | | | | | | | | Discuss the Relationship between Stress, Anxiety, Habits and Phobias and Describe How You Would Treat these Issues with Hypnotherapy In this essay I shall seek to define stress, anxiety, habits and phobias. I shall explore their individual attributes and symptoms and how they may be related. I will also explain methods of treatment for such neurotic conditions, as I have seen fit and the ethical issues that I believe would need to be considered. Stress and anxiety are often coined together, almost into one phrase; where there is one, you will find the other. However there is a distinction between the two and as a therapist it is crucial that one is aware of this. Stress is a response to an external stimulant, resulting in feelings of frustration, anger and/or indeed, anxiety. Stress is in fact a biological reaction to outside pressures. These pressures can vary from work, family, or social changes, to simple changes in one’s environment, to major life changes. All these situations stimulate the age old “fight or flight” response, thereby pumping the body with adrenaline and heightening the senses in preparation to respond. Of course this is not such a negative reaction, indeed in evolutionary terms it would have been this very reaction that has allowed the human race to continue to exist and flourish, however, there is a...
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...Word Count: 2168 Discuss the Relationship between Stress, Anxiety, Habits and Phobias and Describe How You Would Treat these Issues with Hypnotherapy. In this essay I shall seek to define stress, anxiety, habits and phobias. I shall explore their individual attributes and symptoms and how they may be related. I will also explain methods of treatment for such neurotic conditions, as I have seen fit and the ethical issues that I believe would need to be considered. Stress and anxiety are often coined together, almost into one phrase; where there is one, you will find the other. However there is a distinction between them and as a therapist it is crucial that one is aware of this. Stress is a response to an external stimulant, resulting in feelings of frustration, anger and/or anxiety. Stress is in fact a biological reaction to outside pressures that can vary from work, family, or social changes, to simple changes in one’s environment, to major life changes. All these situations stimulate the age old “fight or flight” response, pumping the body with adrenaline and heightening the senses in preparation to respond. Of course this is not always a negative reaction, in evolutionary terms it would have been this reaction that has allowed the human race to continue to exist and flourish, however, there is a point at which this ceases to be healthy and begins to have negative consequences. As a result, stress is categorised into six varieties, varying in the severity of their implication...
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...He believed human nature was unchanged, as human beings were motivated by fear, pride and interest, they will seek to expand their wealth until others, who are driven by similar desires, attempt to stop them. The Melian Dialogue, which dramatizes the dialogues regarding the negotiations amid the ambassadors of the Athenian (the invaders) and Melians (rulers), demonstrates this explicitly. The Athenians demanded their surrender, and entice said that if the tributes were not paid and they did not submit, their only other option was to be destroyed. The Athenians first attempt to entice to the Melians' sense of logic, stating the overpowering odds, while the Melians plea to the Athenians' fear of gods and sense of decency. In the Melian dialogue the Athenians say: “Nature always compels gods (we believe) and men (we are certain) to rule over anyone they can control” when confronted about how the gods would look to them, as they believed the gods “should be as much on (their) side as (Melians). Neither (their) principles nor (their) actions are contrary to what men believe about gods, or would want for themselves” (Thucydides v. 105, pg. 106). The Athens saw the notion of ruling wherever one can...
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...SAMPLE ESSAY The essay which follows is not perfect! It was, however judged to be an excellent essay and was given a mark of 74%. It is presented here as an example of first class work. The mark reflects some weakness in content particularly in the second part of the question. The essay was also well over-length (4650 words for a 3500-4000 word essay.) N.B. word count does not include abstract or bibliography. The mark sheet is attached at the end. Please note that this has been amended for academic year 2003-2004. The occasional citation errors are pointed out but were not penalised. It is a well presented essay, with a clear structure. Points are well supported from the literature and there is some critical discussion of what the student has read. The essay showed evidence of very wide reading (nearly 40 items in the bibliography) but the writer could have achieved the same mark with a lot less. There was a heavy reliance on some basic reading list material in places that did not do justice to the amount of independent research. There are marginal comments throughout the essay. Passages referred to are marked in red. 1 "As new strategies are implemented in any organisation, tension and conflicts are likely to arise ... such conflicts must be confronted, no matter how uncomfortable it may feel to operate in such a situation. " Discuss in relation to LIS organisations and examine the management strategies which attempt to confront the problem of conflict. Note how...
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...SAMPLE ESSAY The essay which follows is not perfect! It was, however judged to be an excellent essay and was given a mark of 74%. It is presented here as an example of first class work. The mark reflects some weakness in content particularly in the second part of the question. The essay was also well over-length (4650 words for a 3500-4000 word essay.) N.B. word count does not include abstract or bibliography. The mark sheet is attached at the end. Please note that this has been amended for academic year 2003-2004. The occasional citation errors are pointed out but were not penalised. It is a well presented essay, with a clear structure. Points are well supported from the literature and there is some critical discussion of what the student has read. The essay showed evidence of very wide reading (nearly 40 items in the bibliography) but the writer could have achieved the same mark with a lot less. There was a heavy reliance on some basic reading list material in places that did not do justice to the amount of independent research. There are marginal comments throughout the essay. Passages referred to are marked in red. 1 "As new strategies are implemented in any organisation, tension and conflicts are likely to arise ... such conflicts must be confronted, no matter how uncomfortable it may feel to operate in such a situation. " Discuss in relation to LIS organisations and examine the management strategies which attempt to confront the problem of conflict. Note how...
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...Bentham’s Utilitarianism philosophy, Mill’s theory in On Liberty emphasized more around the value of individuality, equality and liberty (Donner, 1991; Skorupski, 1998). All three elements focused on by Mill, are closely connected in democratic society, Mill’s major fear was the emergence of dictatorship based on majoritarian and conformist behavior within a society (Skorupski, 2006). This essay will focus on examining Mill’s liberal ideas within On Liberty, his concept on the limitation of government’s authority, and will also suggest possible conditions where Mill’s ideas may apply in modern society. Liberty and authority are two factors that are constantly conflict. Liberty could not only mean the working of self-government and individuality, but also mean the right of freedom. Similarly, if a democratic society is lack of individuality; it could means the lack of freedom as well as the lack of what makes human. On the contrary, Skorupski (2006: p40) pointed out: “liberty meant ‘protection against the tyranny of political rulers’.” Indeed, limiting state’s authority could means preserving individuals’ rights, yet, at the same time society must give government enough power in order to protect its citizens. Mill’s essay On Liberty, explained the concept of a state’s legitimacy interference with liberty. To clarify, legitimacy is not considered as power, while a state always has the power to interfere with individuals’ life. Hence, the ultimate question that Mill wants to define...
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...Global warming has now become a very captivating breathtaking topic to all human ears although the more it is talked about; the less is done to prevent it from happening .It has been described as the greatest threat facing humanity. Many agree that the earth is warming, but they are uncertain of both the causes and consequences. Nonetheless, it cannot be wholly avoided but it can be lessened by taking diverse measures. This essence of this essay is to describe what global warming is, firstly by pin pointing different definitions of global warming, articulating its causes and effects and further analyze measures to curb global warming. Secondly the essay will demonstrate further on how the knowledge of demography contributes to the understanding of global warming by giving relevant examples across the globe. Finally, the essay will draw a conclusion depending on the context. Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect. Kapargam, (1999:218); defined global warming as the condition that is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere that causes a slow but sustained increase in the global average temperature over a long period of time. According to www.WeatherQuestions.com; global warming is the gradual warming of global-average temperatures due to the slowly increasing concentrations of man-made atmospheric greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide. But global warming can alternatively refer to...
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...Academic reflective essay The essay will focus on the patient involved in the given case study named as Mrs. S. In addition, the essay will give a relevant and brief history of the patient. It will also define the term ‘bio-psycho-social’ and its relevance to holistic care. For the point of discussion, the essay will focus on the management of care for patient with gastrointestinal illness resulting in stoma operation and will discuss the biopsychosocial factors affecting the patient and how this changes ‘normal’ biology, psychology and sociology. The individual chosen to focus on is named as Mrs. S. The patient involved in this case study Mrs. S. is a 48 years old lady who works in school as a teacher. She lives with her husband, Mr. S, in a small town. Her husband works as a builder, which has long working hours, leaving him not much time to look after their children. They have two girls and they are aged 12 and 10. They are a loving family. Mrs. S looks after the children, takes them to school and pick them up. Mrs. S is a very active lady with a very active social life, she likes to meet up with her friends during the weekend; she swims four days a week with her children, and she balances her time with family and her job. She is suffering from mild hypertension, drinks minimal amount of alcohol during the weekends and smokes 5-10 cigarettes a day. The term ‘bio-psycho-social’ refers to the relationship amongst biological, psychological and social characteristics of an...
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...In the essay “Organ Sales Will Save Lives”, Joanna MacKay argues that the sale of human organs should not be banned, but instead, regulated. The author started her argument by noting, “There are thousands of people dying to buy a kidney and thousands of people dying to sell a kidney” (McKay). Her stance in noting how many lives are lost because of this problem made a strong starting point in her argument. Joanna MacKay’s extraordinary arguments impacted my viewpoints regarding this problem and convinced me to side with her. The regulation of human organs in the United States should be considered. “About 350,000 Americans suffer from end-stage renal disease, a state of kidney disorder so advanced that the organ stops functioning altogether”...
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...Essay 1 Hobbes write that there is “a doctrine plainly and directly against the essence of a commonwealth, and that it is this: That the sovereign power may be divided.” (p.213). It is based upon his argument that sovereign power can never be divided because it is the only way to ensure peace and security in the commonwealth, and have a smooth function. Sovereignty is the foundation of authority and the representation of power underlying all civil peace. It is an artificial person, a creation of human ingenuity, a product of art, and it is not natural. The people come together to create sovereign and to bring about that commodious living (p.78, prg.14). Since the people create it, the power is based on the people to become the representative and bring peace and security. To ensure peace, an individual must obey his sovereign in all things, and Hobbes shows that obedience to a single master of the sovereign always provides security in his life (p.80, prg.4). We can see however, that there is an issue behind the obedience of an individual. Human beings have desires that are unlimited, and if human beings are set free, a state of war is inescapable. In order to avoid this state of war, absolute sovereignty is necessary. These desires are driven by two strong passions that Hobbes believe are the most powerful to motivate us (p.30). The concept of fear, specifically of violent death, triggers the need to defend oneself in any way possible. Self-defense against violent death is...
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...find themselves in turmoil over whether their necessity to protect others from cross-infection overrides the duty of care to their patient by keeping their information confidential; particularly in this case (see Appendix A) where the patient, Sam, has a head injury, knowingly has the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and has told his nurse not to disclose this information with others over his fear of future career prospects. This essay will discuss in general the moral and professional issues raised by this scenario. There are no definitive answers to this scenario as everyone’s opinion of what is right and what is wrong differs. This essay explores the legal legislation that may guard his nurse if they feel that his confidentiality needed to be breached and also what legislation is in place to protect the general public from Sam. It will also try to explain what actions are in place to protect Sam; professional guidelines and laws available that protect confidentiality rights and procedures available to staff to prevent cross-infection. The four ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice are also used in relation to Sam; discussing what each principal means and how it relates to this scenario. Medical information about a person is particularly sensitive and Sam must feel certain that it will be protected, and not used or shared in...
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...home from work discovering that his wife had killed his three children. She was mentally ill and he did not get her help though. Afterwards, Andrew murdered his wife for killing their children. As a result of being unable to accept that he had murdered his wife and the fact that she killed their children, Andrew unconsciously invented another self, created another story in which someone else had committed his own crime. Moreover he denied having any children to escape from the reality of being a murderer and being responsible for the death of his family. At the end, Andrew became mentally ill himself for refusing to accept reality. This is the story of the Movie “Shutter Island” which is an example for what is called “Defense Mechanisms” and how they have a huge effect on our lives. Due to the fact that everyday people are faced with problems, stress, conflict and emotional pain, the mind needs to be protected against these painful feelings. As a result, “Defense Mechanisms” play an important role during these times in order to protect the mind from Stress and Anxiety by “unconsciously” denying reality and refusing it. Although Defense Mechanisms have positive side that they protect the individual against painful thoughts and experiences but using them without awareness can be destructive. “Defense Mechanisms” were researched by Sigmund Freud who’s an Austrian neurologist who became well known as “Father of Psychoanalysis”. Freud defined “Defense Mechanisms” as people’s unconscious...
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...Stephanie Angulo AC1408307 SC260.2.1 Introduction to Ecology Assignment 8: Ecological Crisis of the BP Oil Spill April 25th 2015 On April 20th, 2010, a massive offshore drilling rig, formal known as the Deepwater Horizon, exploded and set fire. The explosion caused oil pipes to burst and spill thousands of barrels of oil into the Golf of Mexico. According to Do Something, an environmental website, have reported the death and injury of 28, more than 8,000 animals dead within six months, and 16,000 miles of coastline pollution (11 facts about BP oil spill). The BP oil spill has since became one of the worst ecological disaster in America's history. People living near the coast line has been affected due to polluted air and water. Many children had been sick and they had problem breathing fresh air. There were several issues with this oil spill: professional issues, ethics and new technology issues, legal, regulatory and political, safety issues, and environmental issues. If BP would have taken care of all these issues there had been no oil spill. The oil spill is the result of a series of events that eventually led to tens of thousands of barrels of petroleum to be leaked into the gulf. In September, BP released a report that analyzed the events leading up to the incident. The report shows that the fire was caused by a release of hydrocarbons from the well, and them onto the oil rig (BP internal investgation team) The Deepwater horizon was equipped with fail-safe mechanisms in...
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...Word Count: 2165 1 “Choose a medical condition that interests you and research it. Write about the possible uses of hypnosis in the treatment of the condition as you see them. In this essay I will be looking at the medical condition Sciatica, investigating both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition, and considering the role that hypnosis could play in its treatment. Firstly, Sciatica is the name given to any sort of pain that is caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in your body. It runs from the back of your pelvis, through your buttocks, and all the way down both legs, ending at your feet. When something compresses or irritates the sciatic nerve, it can cause a pain that radiates out from your lower back and travels down your leg to your calf. Sciatic pain can range from being mild to very painful. A slipped disc is the most common identified cause of sciatica, but in some cases there is no obvious cause. Less common causes include spinal stenosis (narrowing of the nerve passages in the spine), injury, infection or a growth in the spine. Most people find their sciatic pain goes away naturally within a few days or weeks, but medical advice should be sought if any other symptoms are experienced together with back and leg pain, such as weight loss or loss of bladder or bowel control, or if increasingly more pain and discomfort is experienced or pain is too severe to manage with self-help...
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