...enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced. Then glucose in the blood is not able to be absorbed into the cells of the body.(Kishore) The cells in the human body need energy in order to function. Glucose is the body's primary energy source. It is a simple sugar resulting from the digestion of foods containing carbohydrates. It circulates in the blood from the foods that are digested as a ready energy source for any cells that need it. Insulin is a hormone or chemical produced by cells in the pancreas, it is located behind the stomach. It bonds to a receptor site on the outside of cell and goes into the cell through which glucose can enter. Glucose can be saved for later use by converting to concentrated energy sources like glycogen or fatty acids. When there is not enough insulin produced , glucose stays in the blood rather entering the cells. The body will attempt to dilute the high level of glucose in the blood, which called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia acts by drawing water out of the cells and into the bloodstream, to dilute the sugar and excrete it in the urine. People with undiagnosed diabetes to be constantly thirsty, drink large quantities of water, and urinate frequently as their bodies try to get rid of the extra glucose. High levels of glucose in the urine then occur. The body is trying to get rid of glucose from the blood, cells are starving for glucose and sending signals to the body to eat more food, thus making patients extremely...
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...also known as Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an immune mediated disease. It is a chronic condition that cannot be cured. This type of diabetes requires the person to self-medicate with synthetic human insulin. Juvenile diabetes can affect many organs in the body like the brain, heart, and lungs. A person can have mild to moderate signs and symptoms relating to the diabetes. There are several diagnostic tests that can help determine if diabetes is present. Having a healthy life style [The preceding two words are spelled as one word] and following a healthy diet can help maintain diabetes. Many famous people live with the disease today and are able to [Wordiness--"are able to" means simply "can"] live happy, normal lives. Juvenile diabetes is an insulin dependent disease, meaning people with juvenile diabetes are dependent on synthetic “human” insulin. Their pancreas no longer produces the insulin needed to survive so they have to use synthetic “human” insulin to replace what the body is not making. Synthetic “human” insulin is insulin made using genetic engineering, also known as biosynthetic recombinant “human” insulin. It is grown in E Coli. Insulin is what helps the glucose enter the body ["is what" is awkward. Adjusting for capitalization, try something like "Insulin helps the glucose enter the body"] ’s cells and what provides energy to the tissues and muscles. It works as a lock and key mechanism that allows sugar to enter the cells. Insulin works to lower the...
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...Hypnotherapy & Counselling Skills Year 1 (July 2013) Module 8 (Word Count 1,873) Choose a medical Condition that interests you and research it. Write about the possible uses of hypnosis in the treatment of the condition as you see them. I have chosen diabetes as a subject of interest; partly because this condition has more recently become prevalent in my own extended family, and partly because I‘m interested to explore the impact that hypnosis may have upon what is now classified as a worldwide epidemic The problem in people with diabetes is that either they don’t produce enough insulin, or the insulin they do produce doesn’t work properly, or their cells don’t respond properly to insulin. The net result is that glucose isn’t cleared from their bloodstream. Their blood glucose levels are then too high and the body tries to clear them away by various compensatory methods, such as increased urination. Insulin helps to reduce the glucose levels produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates in food. As more studies have been conducted, medical professionals now understand that diabetes brings with it the hidden risk of depression. In fact, diabetes can increase the odds of a person developing depression by 50% With depression comes a distancing of relationships, difficulty in the workplace or in school, and an overall sense of doom and defeat. Considering that 35% of all diabetics have significant depression and 11% have major depression...
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...involves an imbalance of the supply and demand for insulin; it is the most common of all endocrine conditions (Laffel & Wood, 2007; Olefsky, 2001). Diabetes is a common health condition that affects millions throughout the universe. Diabetes affects millions of people in different and diverse ethnic groups. In the United States diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death. Diabetes is a growing problem in the US and it is becoming an epidemic. There are 3 types of diabetes mellitus, Type-1, Type-2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent and accounts for at least 10% of diagnosed cases. In Type 1 diabetes the immune system makes it hard for the body to produce insulin. With no insulin the body cannot transform sugar from food into nutrients for cells. When excess sugar collects in the blood stream, it may eventually cause premature death and heavy damage to organs. Type-1 diabetes can affect adults and children suddenly and require supplemental insulin, a carefully planned diet and exercise regimen. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young adults, teenagers, and children. Type 1 diabetes happens when the body’s immune system strike and destroys cells in the pancreas, the organ which is located behind the lower part of the stomach. These beta cells commonly produce insulin, the hormone that aids the body in moving glucose throughout the body, which it uses for insulin. Beta cells cannot produce insulin when they are destroyed and the glucose remains...
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...we make. The various types of diabetes--including type 2, the most prevalent--are no exception. Diabetes is an increasingly common, life-threatening illness that currently afflicts more than eight percent of all Americans. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States1. In no other illness does eating a healthy diet play a more important role than in diabetes. With appropriate dietary and lifestyle changes, and medications, diabetes can be controlled--and in the case of type 2, even reversed 2- and a diabetic can live a long, productive life. What is Diabetes? Diabetes mellitus, more commonly called simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases. People afflicted with this disease have high blood sugar, either because their body does not produce enough insulin, or because the body's cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, and it is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. The high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms associated with diabetes: frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Different Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes: Also called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes, type 1 can strike people of any age, mostly from infancy through the late thirties. 3 In a type 1 sufferer, the person's pancreas makes little or no insulin. The body's own defense system (the immune system) attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the...
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...that as many as 33% of the population with Type I diabetes and up to 55% with Type II go undiagnosed. Many patients have been hyperglycemic for at least six years before diagnosis. Diabetes is a disease that effects millions all around the world. Many researches going into the aid of the diabetics is constantly growing each year. Advancements in technology, especially with insulin and glucose monitoring, is helping diabetic people live more normal lives. These examples of advancements are only a couple of the much advancement which have or being done. Much research is always needed when figuring out if a device will work well for diabetics. Despite enormous achievements, and estimated 4 million years of life were still lost to patients with type one diabetes in 2000. This disease is caused by defective carbohydrate metabolism. It causes large amounts of sugar in the blood and urine. It can damage the kidneys, heart, eyes, limbs, and endanger pregnancy. About five percent of the United States population has it and about half are undiagnosed. A diabetic that is treated life span is lowered by one-third There are two types of diabetes. Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). And type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Type I This type usually occurs in children and young adults, it is known as one of the autoimmune diseases. It is 10-15 percent of all cases. The pancreas lets out insulin that...
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...How to Diagnose and Treat Type 2 Diabetes How type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed? Does the lifestyle affect blood glucose level? Is insulin the only treatment? Generally, type 2 diabetes is one of the most common diseases, so people need to be aware of how can it be diagnosed. Regarding type 2 diabetes, there are variety of tests which can be used. (1-3-4) For example, glucose tolerance test and Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) are the main two diagnostic tests. (1-3-4) In addition, the patients also need to be aware of the available treatment such as lifestyle modifications and medications to maintain their blood glucose level. (2) It is important for the patient to be diagnosed early for better treatment. (1-3-4) The two main tests for diagnosing...
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...gestational diabetes when I was pregnant with my daughter. I have read several books on the subject and have learned a lot from my mother who was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes 5 years ago. Since my mother was diagnosed I have started to change my diet and exercise a lot more than I use to. There were several things I learned during this project that I wasn’t aware of and I would like to share those with you. According to the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), many diabetics experience similar stages as that of bereavement. (Diabetes.co.uk,2012) Because a chronic diagnosis such as diabetes signifies the loss of health, many individuals suffering from this condition are subjected to periods of denial, a sense of hopelessness, anger, and frustration following diagnosis. There is a fear of long term complications and commitment. Many have a difficult time coping with the lifestyle changes associated with this disorder. They struggle to understand the relationship that food has on their health and find it difficult to stay compliant with dietary restrictions. The overwhelming fear of needles causes anxiety and an unrelenting need to avoid fingers sticks and insulin administration. The constant monitoring of glucose levels and diet restrictions are eventually viewed as confining; overtime leading to a diabetic burnout. During this phase these individuals exercise self-destructive behaviors. They engage in the consumption of food items despite the acknowledgement of...
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...Type II Diabetes in Pennsylvania 4/29/2015 Introduction Diabetes is a lifelong disease that occurs when a person’s pancreas stops or isn’t producing enough insulin and/or the body cannot use it. Insulin is needed to use the energy from food. The body makes glucose from food that is eaten and then the glucose goes into the bloodstream and circulates around the body. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells where it is used for energy, growth and repair. When people have diabetes, glucose cannot enter the cells. It builds up in the bloodstream until it reaches high levels, which is damaging to the body. High blood glucose levels can be returned to normal with such treatments as meal planning, medication, and regular physical activity. It sounds too good to be true on reversing Type II diabetes through exercise and healthy eating is true. While certain lifestyle changes are key to managing diabetes, whether you can actually turn back time so that it's like you never had diabetes is a different matter. That depends on how long you've had the condition, how severe it is, and your genes. "The term 'reversal' is used when people can go off medication but still must engage in a lifestyle program in order to stay off," (Ann Albright, 2015). Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes and can be diagnosed at any age. It is most commonly seen in adults. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90 to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes, more than 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the U...
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...Wrong Treatment, Bad Outcome: Why Sliding Scale Insulin Should not be Prescribed to College-Age Students For a patient with newly-diagnosed, type one Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) who is new to managing her insulin and diet, a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) would not be unusual. For a 19 year-old college student who went from suddenly losing weight (after a life of being overweight) to gaining weight (after trying to follow a rigid insulin and dietary regimen), a diagnosis of DKA is all but expected. The regimen she has been prescribed is too rigid for someone her age, and the suggested exercise regimen is absurdly lacking. Melanie would benefit from an explanation of the pathophysiology of DM1, the dangers of inadequate insulin and hyperglycemia, the benefits of a daily exercise regimen that can help her keep her weight down, and the possibilities of an intensive insulin regimen that is able to mimic her body’s normal pattern of insulin production, allowing her to lead a more normal life. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Glucose is the body’s main energy source. Glucose comes primarily from the breakdown of carbohydrates within the small intestine, from which it is absorbed into the blood stream. Maintaining a normal level of glucose within vascular circulation and having that glucose available to be used for energy is imperative for adequate system function. However, just because glucose has successfully been generated (via digestive processes) from food sources and released...
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...concentrating on her work because of fatigue. She drinks large volumes of coffee to help with a constant dry mouth and to combat her fatigue. At a clinic appointment, it was noted that D.K.’s weight has dropped from 140 to 128 pounds. She is 5 feet 7 inches tall. Her urine specimen shows glycosuria and ketonuria. A chemstick blood glucose level is 412 mg/dl. D.K. had eaten breakfast 3 hours before the chemstick blood test. 1. Considering D.K.’s presenting history and physical data, what form of diabetes mellitus is indicated? Question-1: Indicate what form of diabetes mellitus is the patient suffering from and explain how and why each of her symptoms reflect that choice (3 pt)? 2. What are the physiologic mechanisms involved with the polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia in diabetes mellitus? Question-2: Explain the physiologic mechanisms involved with the polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia in detail. Explain how each manifests in a patient (4.5 pts)? 3. What immediate and long-term therapy will D.K. need to manage her disorder? Question-3: Elaborate on both immediate and long-term therapy, stating why each is necessary (2 pts)? 1. All of D.K symptoms combined indicate that she is suffering from diabetes mellitus type two. Her extreme weight loss from 140 to 128 and measuring 5 feet 7 inches tall despite her “ravenous appetite and increased dietary intake” is a big factor indicator. When the body can no longer metabolize glucose the body uses alternative fuels...
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...Treating Diabetes Mellitus Type II Treating Diabetes Mellitus Type II Type II diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels. It characteristically results from a surplus caloric intake, as compared to energy consumption, combined with inadequate insulin secretion, due to dysfunction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells (Pfeiffer & Klein, 2014). Type II diabetes has reached pandemic levels, despite efforts to slow its progression. In a society where healthcare is ever-changing, primary care physicians, along with advanced practitioners are now treating this disease more readily, as compared to specialist and endocrinologist in the past. As with many disease processes, there are several options when choosing a treatment plan for type II diabetes. Combining knowledge and evidence-based research, the practitioner will be able to establish an individualized treatment plan for treating type II diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology Type II diabetes is a very complex, non-communicable disease that effects more than 370 million people throughout the world. The symptoms of this disease can vary from patient to patient. Without intense and concentrated efforts to address the pathogenesis and treatment of this syndrome, the destructive macrovascular and microvascular outcomes of type II diabetes will remain a major problem for years to come (Kahn, Cooper, & Del Prato, 2014). In T2D plasma insulin levels may be low, normal...
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...Health Nursing Diabetic & Obesity in Children Student Name: 1-Fuad Sa’ed Maraw’a 2-Suzan Sammar 3- Amera Mohamad Zaed 4-Madlen Adnan Ateeq Instructor: D.R.Ahmad Ayed 1 Diabetic & Obesity for children Introduction Diabetes is a major cause of mortality globally, and it has been estimated that 400 million people worldwide will suffer from it by 2030. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions throughout the global, and this has affected on people of the world, especially those in higher-income, oil-producing countries. The importance of this subject the relationship between diabetes and obesity and how to control and prevent it. An important factor contributing to obesity is the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In ancient obesity was identified as a worldwide health care problem affecting the wellbeing of populations. Now The WHO (World Health Organization) defines obesity as a BMI (body mass index) of 25 kg/m2 or more and considers obesity as a visible but neglected health issue that has only received recognition during the last 15 years. The prevalence of obesity has risen in both developed and underdeveloped countries and has been particularly problematic in children. Excess weight is the sixth most important risk factor for worldwide disease burden and is associated with diabetes mellitus is defined by WHO is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively...
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...complexities of my mother’s disease and how vital it was for her to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle. As the disease progressed, my mother was forced to introduce now and more invasive methods to manage her disorder, including insulin shots twice daily. Despite all of her efforts to keep her disease in control, my mother lost her battle at the horrifyingly young age of 47.Watching her fight so bravely against sometimes that she eventually would have no control over was a tremendous inspiration to me. My mother’s journey is the reason that I have decided to come up with a healthy balanced diet for an individual who is diagnosed with diabetes. My hope is that I can educate diabetes about their disease and maybe give them more precious time with their loved ones that I had with mine. Diabetes mellitus, more commonly called simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases. People afflicted with this disease have high blood sugar, either because their body does not produce enough insulin, or because the body's cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, and it is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. The high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms associated with diabetes: frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. There are two different types of diabetes Type 1 Diabetes: Also called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes, type 1 can...
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...T.C BAHÇEŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ DEVELOPING AN EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR DIABETICS BY SUPPORTING WITH ANFIS Master Thesis ALİ KARA İSTANBUL, 2008 T.C BAHÇEŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEVELOPING AN EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR DIABETICS BY SUPPORTING WITH ANFIS Master Thesis Ali KARA Supervisor: ASSOC.PROF.DR. ADEM KARAHOCA İSTANBUL, 2008 T.C BAHÇEŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE COMPUTER ENGINEERING Name of the thesis: Developing an Expert-System for Diabetics by supporting with ANFIS Name/Last Name of the Student: Ali Kara Date of Thesis Defense: Jun .09. 2008 The thesis has been approved by the Institute of Science. Prof. Dr. A. Bülent ÖZGÜLER Director ___________________ I certify that this thesis meets all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem KARAHOCA Program Coordinator ____________________ This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that we find it fully adequate in scope, quality and content, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Examining Committee Members Assoc.Prof.Dr. Adem KARAHOCA Prof.Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN Asst.Prof.Dr. Yalçın ÇEKİÇ Signature ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ii To my father ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is dedicated to my father for being a role model in front of my educational life. I would like to express my gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem Karahoca, for not only being such...
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