...Gunpowder has greatly changed sieging. It has changed how sieges were fought and defended. Others have also been influenced to become humanistic thinkers because of gunpowder. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the effects gunpowder has brought on how sieges were fought and defended against and how it influenced others to become humanist thinkers. Gunpowder has changed how sieges were fought. Before gunpowder, sieges were fought differently. They would mostly use one of seven tactics. Bombardment, Trenches, Tunneling, Starvation, Germ Warfare, Assault and Negotiation. Each tactic had its own benefits and downfalls, for example, Germ warfare, a tactic where diseased corpses would be thrown behind enemy walls, could get the attacking...
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...The change of science and technology and impact on humans Donna Haraway is a prominent scholar and her works have significantly contributed the study of science and technology. Her major work has sparked debate in many other fields, which is called the cyborg manifesto. She introduces her cyborg theory that tell us that humans are cyborgs, both biological beings and programmed machines. She explains the definition of a cyborg which is a cybernetic organism, a hybrid of machine and organism. Science and technology has both advanced and changed dramatically over time. Technology can radically change what humans are capable of achieving which increases human control, so while humans and technology can both ultimately change cultures and ways of life, the two will continue to function together. I chose this topic because I strongly believe in what Donna Haraway has to say about humans and cyborgs and the similarities between each other. I have begun reading information about how has science and technology changed what it means to be human and became very interest and committed into answering the question with the precise, scholar articles that I will be gathering in order to complete this research paper. I tend to approach this topic by heading towards the idea of cultural theory between the history of communications and control in the human machine and also the concept of the cyborg. I tend to speak also about the reinvention of nature, and the relationship of ideas and humanness...
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...scientific fields. I think of people like Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Louis Pasteur, Nikola Tesla and so forth. The characteristics these great men all shared were their focus on and expansion of the periphery of scientific progress and quality of life for our race. In the media however, these men seem to take a back seat to the characters of scientists played on Broadway and on the silver screen. The portrayal of scientists in the media, at least in fictional platforms of media; i.e. prime time television shows, movies, books, plays, show eccentric and often deranged, disheveled men franticly working away, mad with power and playing god. In the animated comedy “Futurama”, created by Matt Groining, the “Professor”, whom is a scientist, is portrayed as a senile old man on the verge of death and/or dementia. The “typical” media portrayal of fictional scientists is exploited in the animated series, and serve as a good reflection, and a small truth on how society sees our scientist. Other characters that come to mind are Dr. Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll. All three fictional characters share the odd characteristic of reckless abandon in the pursuit of a greater good, only to loose control and overstep their bounds with dire consequences. The characteristics that I see in my vision of a scientist are 1.) A desire to contribute to human progress. 2.) Highly educated and intelligent. 3.) Stylish hair. I...
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...psychology is the field of science that looks at why people behave in “weird” ways and how to change these behaviors. There are six concepts that are used to understand abnormal psychology the best. They are; the importance of context in defining and understanding abnormality, the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior, cultural and historical relativism in defining and classifying abnormality, the advantages and limitations of diagnosis, the principle of multiple causality, and the connection between mind and body (Hansell & Damour, 2008, pg. 40). Abnormal psychology has changed over time and is still changing every time a new study is conducted. For many years people believed behavior could only be explained by spirits and demons and not science. As science technology increased so did the way that mental illness and abnormal behavior was explained. Abnormal psychology may be a newer science but the interest in how the mind works has been around forever. Origins of Abnormal Psychology Although abnormal psychology has only been around for about 100 years as field of study, people have always been interested in the concepts behind the field. Dating back all the way to prehistoric times, people have interested in understanding the mind. Archeologists have come across skulls with holes drilled in them as far back as 8,000BC, which indicates that people were interested in the brain (Northern Illinois University, n.d.). During the time of the Greek and Roman civilizations...
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...Integrated Natural Science (INT1) Task 1 The Changing Nature Of Science Evolution Evolution :- All living beings have developed over time from ancestors through a series of changes. That life has changed over long periods of time, with all forms of life related to one another, is a scientifically well-established fact. There are two aspects of evolution today. First, evolution is the organizing principle for all of biology. Just as we are offspring from our parents, and our grandparents before them, and so on, all living organisms today are inclined from organisms that lived in the past. Understanding how and why these ancestor-descendent lineages have changed through time helps us appreciate the diversity of life we see today. Genetics, anatomy, physiology, neurology, morphology, and behavior all of these aspects of living organisms have evolved through time. The study of the evolutionary processes that produced these traits provides the comprehensive framework for understanding them. Theory Of Evolution Evolution Theory: - Evolution is technically defined as: "a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form." As it is most famously used, "evolution" is the process by which an organism becomes more sophisticated over time and in response to its environment. The Theory of Evolution is currently the most popular concept of how life reached its current state. Evolution as a biological mechanism is driven by natural...
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...In your High School science classes you may have learnt Hooke’s law, the law of physics which relates a spring’s length to how hard you pull on it. What your High School science teacher probably didn’t tell you is that when Robert Hooke discovered his law in 1676, he published it as an anagram, “ceiiinossssttuv”, which he revealed two years later as the Latin “ut tensio, sic vis”, meaning “as the extension, so the force”. This ensured that if someone else made the same discovery, Hooke could reveal the anagram and claim priority, thus buying time in which he alone could build upon the discovery. Hooke was not unusual. Many great scientists of the age, including Leonardo, Galileo and Huygens, used anagrams or ciphers for similar purposes. The Newton-Leibniz controversy over who invented calculus occurred because Newton claimed to have invented calculus in the 1660s and 1670s, but didn’t publish until 1693. In the meantime, Leibniz developed and published his own version of calculus. Imagine modern biology if the human genome had been announced as an anagram, or if publication had been delayed thirty years. Why were Hooke, Newton, and their contemporaries so secretive? In fact, up until this time discoveries were routinely kept secret. Alchemists intent on converting lead into gold or finding the secret of eternal youth would often take their discoveries with them to their graves. A secretive culture of discovery was a natural consequence of a society in which there was often...
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...Mathematics and Forensics 8 March, 2015 Math History - 109 In a world filled with technology, accountability, and a desire for higher quality of living; the world owes it all to math. As children grow up and are taught mathematics in countries all over the world; they are all being taught the same language. Math is the universal language of the world and math has changed the world from the time of the Egyptians to the present day era of technology. Mathematicians like Nicolaus Copernicus gave the world the truth of the universe with heliocentrism, while Isaac Newton gave the world the modern laws of physics. Mathematics has even paved its way into music with each beat of music being timed by numbers. Math is everywhere and people with brilliant minds can use mathematics to contribute to the world in very positive ways. One such way is the science of forensics. Without math, forensics could not exist. As population growth increases at an alarming rate, people have to find ways of holding people accountable for unlawful behavior. Forensic science has allowed civilization to evolve and become less barbaric and move towards factual based evidence when solving crimes against nature. Forensic science measures facts involving a crime and figure out the truth behind those measurements. Whether it is the skid marks from a vehicle collision or blood splatter analysis; mathematics is the reason why this can be done. Forensics have paved the way to a better justice system providing...
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...(A) 1.On the Genealogy of Morality is a philosophical treatise by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, first published in 1887, and is also a follow-up to Beyond Good and Evil. , a book previously written by Nietzsche. 2. This book is composed of a preface and three additional sections which discuss the ways in which our views of morality have changed. He goes through history and gives a timeline of how morality has changed up until the time of when the book was written. One major point of Nietzsche is that there is a difference between a thing and its meaning. He argues that things don’t have an inherent meaning, and that the meaning of those things have changed over time. In the books he connects this concept with or view of morality, and in particular to good and evil. Thus he arrives at a conclusion that there isn’t any objective and inherent truth to morality. He concludes the one can only have a true understanding of things only when we realize that the meaning of certain things has changed overtime. In this book he explains this in further detail with his “will to power” perspective. (3) Outline- Prologue 1) Good and Evil, Good and Bad A) Faulty Explanations of Morality B) Meaning of Good C) Change in language - Change in power D) Jews as Priestly class - Revaluation of values E) Lambs and Birds of Prey F) Slave Morality - Justice -Christian Hatred2 Guilt, Bad Conscience, and Related Matters A) Promises -human predictability B) Guilt C) Suffering ...
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...Andersen Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for SOC250, Module 1 Homework Assignment taught by Instructor Jesse Kleis. Successes in Technology Technology has had a major impact on human successes over the past million years. Possibly the single most influential event in the public’s interest when it comes to science and technology, would be the Apollo II mission. The space field has had a major impact and also has provided us with the ability to learn new technology and advance in our latest technologies. Since the first man walked on the moon, science has advanced at a rapid pace; nuclear power, television, jet engines, satellites and computers proved that only the scope of our imaginations could possibility limit our progress. Ever since the first human walked on the moon, humans have looked beyond the moon to Earth’s neighbor planet, Mars. The Apollo mission showed us looking back at a fragile planet adrift in a void, making us second guess who we were and are in terms of species as well as our species’ place in a vast universe. Discovery of alien life, amounting to nothing more but only a string of protein or some nucleotides, most certainly changed our perspective on the role of life in the cosmos. The space technology has vastly changed our life and our way of living. The automobile is a major human success as well when it comes to technology. The early history of the automobile can be divided into multiple eras, based on the prevalent...
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...Change & Scientific Understanding Evolution How our understanding of evolution has changed over time. Our scientific understanding has changed over time. • Early cultures explained the natural world through myth, ritual, and tradition. • Initial attempts at science included the establishment of a uniform calendar or efforts to curb disease through non-supernatural elements. • Simple observation and mathematical understanding (ie. Pythagoras) created concise reasoning on why things happened it wasn’t just about the whims of a god anymore. Early evolutionary thought… • Aristotle suggests a type of evolution, in that in all things there is a constant desire to move from the lower realms to the • Jean-Baptiste higher, from the ordinary to the divine. Lamarck proposed • Charles Darwin’s grandfather a theory of acquired Erasmus suggests we are all characteristics, that derived from a common would inherently be ancestor. He further suggests provided to the the use or disuse of parts of descendent as a our bodies contribute to their continued effort to selection in our descendants. adapt to the environment. Scientific discoveries helped to define Evolution. • Charles Darwin proposes “natural selection” in his theory of evolution by observation in the Galapagos Islands. • Darwin’s theory is further aided by molecular biology, which states that there are complex processes of change occuring at the cellular level - constantly changing...
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...the rising concerns of the environment learn most of the stuff that was given in book to get good marks. But this was all discarded when I joined the IBDP curriculum and took that to study as a standard level subject. What I have learnt now is that this subject not only taught me about the environmental concerns but also about the different aspects of the environment and also to practically applies the concepts that we have learnt. Whatever knowledge I had earlier about the subject of learning by heart the stuff, has now been changed, as it is not learning by heart but apply the concepts that we have learnt and perform practical experiments related to the subject. This is because the way of teaching has changed. The schools now focus on providing more of practical knowledge and application based education. This leads me to the knowledge issue of “To what extent can existing knowledge be justified for the future?” This means that we cannot use knowledge at all the times for an unforeseen event or unpredictable changes that may occur in the future. Could this mean that all the knowledge that we have today...
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...1951, single handedly changed the field of science. Not long before she passed away, a doctor took a sample of her cancer cells, the cells from her cervix were later on named HeLa cells, and these cells helped pave the way to numerous experiments and research all over the world. Even though HeLa brought along many achievements with its discovery, it also brought disappointments to some researchers, and pain for her family. You see, she nor her family consented to her cells being sampled, or the amounts of experiments and research that occurred after. Her family was never aware that such actions even took place. Even so, on February 1st, 1951, the day Henrietta Lacks walked in to John Hopkins Hospital, was the day we started looking at cell research a lot differently. Ethical Principles On August 1st, 1920, Henrietta Lacks, a black woman from Virginia, was born. When she was just 21 years old, she moved to Baltimore, Maryland. February 1st, 1951; Henrietta entered the John Hopkins Hospital to see a gynecologist, complaining of irregular bleeding. It was then that Dr. Howard Jones discovered a purple lesion on her cervix. As per routine a sampling of the lesion, which was purple and bled easily when touched, was collected and taken to Dr. George Otto Gey. Mary Kubicek, laboratory assistant of Dr. Grey, then cultivated the sample; it was that very moment when science would be changed forever (Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2012). When Henrietta...
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...Julia DeWitt SC250-05: Science for Everyday Life Unit 9 Assignment August 05, 2014 When I hear the word “scientist” there are multiple things that run through my thoughts. I picture someone in a lab coat trying to discover a cure to a disease like cancer or the next plague that comes along. There is this image of dry ice coming out of test tubes and beakers surrounding them. Maybe even a bunch of stressed out yuppie looking guys who had way too much coffee, desperately trying to find the vaccine to stop the zombie apocalypse. I also picture Beaker from the Muppet show. He did a wonderful job forming an image of what a scientist probably was to me as a child. He was insecure and he made a mess. My cousin is a scientist so then there is an image of this very stern but sarcastic guy testing and testing and retesting. That image sounds so boring but I’m grateful there are brilliant minds like him out there. Scientist come in many different forms. They study and discover many different things. Over time there have been many types of scientist and they weren’t all wearing lab coats. Leonardo da Vinci was one I found interesting due to my love of art. He combined art and science in his sketches. He has amazing futuristic designs and even envisioned flight. Sadly he was a chronic procrastinator and had frequent disasters with his experiments of new techniques (Leonadoda-Vinci). Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who developed the telescopes and started to observe...
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...221239. Abstract: In this study we examined the use of computers by teachers in their instructional practices and their perception of the impact of computers on changes they have made to their classroom practice. These data draw from 47 teachers from 20 K-12 schools across 3 states who each completed a questionnaire, participated in 3 semi-structured interviews, and allowed 3 observations of their classroom. The teachers who had adopted more progressive teaching practices over time felt computers helped them change but they did not acknowledge computers as the catalyst for change. Instead, they cited catalysts that included: reflection upon experience, classes taken, and the context or culture of the school. We conclude that in order for teachers to implement the use of educational technology in a constructivist manner, they must have opportunities to construct pedagogical knowledge in a supportive climate. Research funded by the program of Research on Education Policy and Practice at the National Science Foundation and the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education. NSF Grant # REC-9600614 Teachers’ views of computers as catalysts 2 Teachers’ Views of Computers as Catalysts for Changes in Their Teaching Practice Many educators and policy makers believe that technology can be a catalyst for educational reform (Collins, 1991; Means, Olson,...
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...Life Science 5/07/2013 For this assignment made me think a lot about the things that a lot of great men and woman have done scientifically before I start this assignment I want to tell you about some great people that I admire in the scientific world. Those are some of the scientist that I admire first one is Albert Einstein developed the special and general theories of relativity. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century. Another one is Gorge Washington Carver; Carver was born into slavery in Diamond, Missouri, around 1864. The exact year and date of his birth are unknown. Carver went on to become one of the most prominent scientists and inventors of his time, as well as a teacher at the Tuskegee Institute. Carver devised over 100 products using one of these crops the peanut including dyes, plastics and gasoline. Since I took this course science had made me think about my life a lot Science has improved my life in many ways. First, it's given me a safe and reliable means of controlling my reproductive choices. It's improved my understanding of the nutritional needs of my body and what I feed my daughter. Science has provided many of the modern day conveniences that have become essential to my life like electricity, car, and wireless devices. Science has also given...
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