...Porter's Five Forces Supplier Power: Here you assess how easy it is for suppliers to drive up prices. This is driven by the number of suppliers of each key input, the uniqueness of their product or service, their strength and control over you, the cost of switching from one to another, and so on. The fewer the supplier choices you have, and the more you need suppliers' help, the more powerful your suppliers are. Buyer Power: Here you ask yourself how easy it is for buyers to drive prices down. Again, this is driven by the number of buyers, the importance of each individual buyer to your business, the cost to them of switching from your products and services to those of someone else, and so on. If you deal with few, powerful buyers, then they are often able to dictate terms to you. Competitive Rivalry: What is important here is the number and capability of your competitors. If you have many competitors, and they offer equally attractive products and services, then you'll most likely have little power in the situation, because suppliers and buyers will go elsewhere if they don't get a good deal from you. On the other hand, if no-one else can do what you do, then you can often have tremendous strength. Threat of Substitution: This is affected by the ability of your customers to find a different way of doing what you do - for example, if you supply a unique software product that automates an important process, people may substitute by doing the process manually or by outsourcing...
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...the database, this is known as definition files. Anti-virus protection will protect the computer from malicious software and viruses. Malicious software is self-replicating so that anti-virus protection is used to stop this kind of software replicating. A virus will make the computer shut down, so anti-virus protection is put in place to prevent this from happening. There are different forms of viruses which anti-virus software prevents; these include adwok, malware and worms. Adwok are advertisements which users may see on websites they visit, for example you may visit a website like eBay, and then when you go on to...
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...Introduction to Computers 1. Define the term computer and discuss the four basic computer operations: input, processing, output, and storage 2. Define data and information 3. Explain the principle components of the computer and their use 4. Describe the use and handling of floppy disks and hard disks 5. Discuss computer software and explain the difference between system software and application software 6. Identify several types of personal computer application software 7. Discuss computer communications channels and equipment and the Internet and World Wide Web 8. Explain how to purchase, install, and maintain a personal computer, a notebook computer, and a handheld computer 9. Define e-commerce 1. Computer: Input, Processing, Output, and Storage In today's world, computers are used for almost every task imaginable. Routine activities such as paying bills, buying groceries, or communicating with a friend can be done with a computer. That is why it is important not only to know how to use a computer, but also to understand the components of a computer and what they do. Recent studies report that almost 40% of homes surveyed have personal computers, and this number is growing. Given the widespread use of computers, computer literacy - a knowledge and understanding of computers and computer uses - has become an essential ingredient in the recipe for success in today's world. Florida was the first state to demand computer literacy of all...
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...Computer Memory 1.Introduction: Just like humans, computers rely a lot on memory. They need to process and store data, just like we do. However, computers store data in digital format, which means the information can always be called up exactly the way it was stored. computer memory - an electronic memory device; "a memory and the CPU form the central part of a computer to which peripherals are attached" 1.1History of memory: In the early 1940s, memory technology mostly permitted a capacity of a few bytes. The first electronic programmable digital computer, the ENIAC, using thousands of octal-base radio vacuum tubes, could perform simple calculations involving 20 numbers of ten decimal digits which were held in the vacuum tube accumulators. The next significant advance in computer memory came with acoustic delay line memory, developed by J. Presper Eckert in the early 1940s. Through the construction of a glass tube filled with mercury and plugged at each end with a quartz crystal, delay lines could store bits of information within the quartz and transfer it through sound waves propagating through mercury. Delay line memory would be limited to a capacity of up to a few hundred thousand bits to remain efficient. Two alternatives to the delay line, the Williams tube and Selectron tube, originated in 1946, both using electron beams in glass tubes as means of storage. Using cathode ray tubes, Fred Williams would invent the Williams tube, which would be the first random...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1.1 Introduction Modern civilization has become so complicated and sophisticated that to survive one has to be competitive. This compels people to keep themselves informed of all types of happening in the society. And this in turn entails the need for an infrastructure of information. This is the point where information technology or IT becomes most important, as it is the infrastructure that allows us to get information accurately and in time. Before we define information technology, it is important to understand the notion of Data, Information, Technology, and Knowledge. In everyday conversation, people use the terms data and information interchangeably. However, some computer professional make a distinction between the two terms. Data It is the words, numbers, letters, symbol, sound, video and graphics that describe people, events, things and ideas. It is raw facts about people, objects, and events that have little or no meaning. It is the raw material used to create useful information. It becomes information when you use it as the basis for initiating some action or for making a decision. Information It is defined as the words, numbers, letters, symbol, sound, video and graphics used as the basis for human action or decisions. It is data that have been processed and presented in a form suitable for human interpretation, often with the purpose of revealing trends or patterns that can be used in decision-making. It is data...
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...Week 4 Assignment 1: Computer Architecture Tony D. Everett Professor Jennifer Merritt CIS106 Intro to Information Technology July 28, 2013 Introduction The use of Information Technology is well recognized. Information Technology has become a must for survival of all business housing with the growing IT trends. The computer is the main component of any Information Technology system. Today, computer technology has filled every scope of existence of modern man. From airline reservations to auto repair diagnosis, from government services databases to manufacturing and production systems that are used by the likes of Pepsi, Kellogg’s and Kraft Foods-everywhere we witness the elegance, complexity and effectiveness possible only with the help of computers. These systems operate using the Von Neumann Architecture. The Von Neumann Architecture and Importance The von Neumann architecture is a design model for a stored-program digital computer that uses a processing unit and a single separate storage structure to hold both instructions and data. The instructions are executed sequentially which is a slow process. One shared memory for instructions and data with one data bus and one address bus between processor and memory. Commands and data have to be fetched in sequential order (known as the Von Neumann Bottleneck), limiting the operation bandwidth. Its design is simpler than that of the Harvard architecture. It is mostly used to interface to external memory. Neumann architecture...
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...What is Computer : Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information.The term computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means to calculate.Computer can not do anything without a Program.it represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. The Word 'Computer'usually refers to the Center Processor Unit plus Internal memory. Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.The basic components of a modern digital computer are: Input Device,Output Device,Central Processor. A Typical modern computer uses LSI Chips. Charles Babbage is called the "Grand Father" of the computer.The First mechanical computer designed by charles Babbage was called Analytical Engine. It uses read-only memory in the form of punch cards. Four Functions about computer are: accepts data | Input | processes data | Processing | produces output | Output | stores results | Storage | Input (Data): Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc. Process: Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system. Output: Output...
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...History of Computer Introduction Man’s progress is measured by sophistication of his tools. First, he discovered how to control fire. Eventually, he invented the wheel. He built boats and earned to harness the wind. As soon as commerce developed in the early societies, people recognized the need to calculate and keep track of information. They soon devised simple computing devices and bookkeeping systems to enable them to add, subtract, and simple record transactions. Today, we are witnessing rapid technological changes taking place on a broad and scale. However, many centuries elapsed before technology was sufficiently advanced to develop computers. Without computers, man with technological achievements of the past decade would not have been possible. ANCIENT TIMES Shells, chicken, bones, or any number of objects would have been used but the fact that the word calculate is derived for “calculate”. The Latin word for small stone, suggests that pebbles or heads were arranged to form the famous abacus, the first man-made computing device. Early man also invented numbering systems to enable him to compute with ease for sums greater than 10. Decimal numbering system (Hindu-Arabic influence) uses specific digits representing from 0-9. 1600-1900 Blaise Pascal (French Mathematician) invented an adding machine in 1642. The machine adopted partly the principles of the abacus but did away with the use of the hand to move the beads of counters instead, Pascal used wheels. Pascal’s...
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...NATIONAL MANAGEMENT COLLEGE STORAGE TECHNOLOHY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement For Diploma in Hardware Engineering MG AUNG KYAW SOE Roll No. 6 Batch 25 Diploma project report January, 2014 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents because I had attended “Diploma in Hardware Engineering”. Next, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Than Win (Principal of National Management Collage, Yangon) and Daw Khin Toe Yin (Managing Director of Winner Computer Group). Special thanks to Saya U Myo Aung Latt. A very grateful thanks to all my teachers, lectures and also teachers from laboratory for their supervision, advise and patience. Special thanks my hardware teachers Daw Ohnmar Myo, U Thein Moe, U Min Thu and U Win Naing Oo. 2 CONTENT Page CHAPTER – 1 1.1 1.2 INTRODUCTION 6 6 7 9 Computer data storage Storage Type 1.2.1 1.2.2 Primary storage Secondary storage CHAPTER – 2 2.1 2.2 STORAGE TECHNOLOGY 12 The basic components of data storage system Interaction with a storage system and other computer Components 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Online storage vs. External hard drives Off-line storage Memory hierarchy Memory organization Main memory Secondary memory Type of storage technology CHAPTER 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 MAGNETIC STORAGE 19 20 21 23 23 24 24 How to work magnetic storage History Design Magnetic recording classes 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 Analog recording Digital...
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...GO Com Concepts_Ch01.qxd 3/6/07 4:46 PM Page 1 1 Computer Concepts chapterone Basic Computer © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Concepts Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter you will be able to: 1. Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions 2. Identify the Different Types of Computers 3. Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses 4. Identify Types of Software and Their Uses 5. Describe Networks and Define Network Terms 6. Identify Safe Computing Practices Computer Concepts 1 GO Com Concepts_Ch01.qxd 3/6/07 4:46 PM Page 2 Introduction Computers are an integral part of our lives. They are found in homes, offices, stores, hospitals, libraries, and many other places. Computers are part of cars and phones, and they enable you to access bank accounts from home, shop online, and quickly communicate with people around the world by means of e-mail and the Internet. It is difficult to find a business or occupation that doesn’t rely on computers. Whether it’s a truck driver who keeps an electronic travel log or a high-powered stockbroker who needs up-to-the-second market information, computers make these tasks easier, more efficient, and more accurate. © 2010...
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...markets and suggest when large blocks of stocks should be purchased or sold in a process called ____. a.|feedback|c.|forecasting| b.|processing|d.|program trading| __A__ 3. _____ consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. a.|Information technology|c.|Telecommunications| b.|Technology infrastructure|d.|Hardware| __D__ 4. Keyboards, automatic scanning devices, and equipment that can read magnetic ink characters are examples of ____ hardware. a.|storage|c.|output| b.|processing|d.|input| __B_ 5. The One Laptop per Child computer costs ____. a.|under $100|c.|between $200 - $400| b.|under $200|d.|over $400| __B__ 6. ____ consists of computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. a.|Hardware|c.|Applications| b.|Software|d.|Telecommunications| __C__ 7. ____ is an example of application software that allows you to accomplish specific tasks such as word processing or tabulating numbers. a.|Systems software|c.|Microsoft Office 2010| b.|Windows 7|d.|Windows Vista| __C__ 8. People can send short messages of up to ____ using Twitter. a.|10 words|c.|140 characters| b.|100 characters|d.|140 words| __D__ 9. Using ____, you can download audio programs or music from the Internet to play on computers or music players. a.|podcasting|c.|WWW| b.|Web logs|d.|cloud computing| __D__ 10. ____ include(s) all the people who manage, run, program, and maintain the system, including the CIO, who...
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...Ramirez RRamirez14@my.keller.edu MIS589 – Networking Concepts and Applications Instructor: Lynn Risley 3/10/2016 MIS589 Project Milestone 0Proposal Draft | Cloud infrastructure ServicesKaiser Permanente Hospitals | Prepared by: Radames RamirezDate: 03/03/2016 | Approved by: | 1. Description of the service-summary In an attempt to provide end users with a well maintained network storage that would be easily accessible from any location while maintaining a secured connection. To provide an environment to minimize the use and maintenance of local servers, server space, connectivity, and redundancy. | 2. Intended clients or customers The intended client or customer would be the end users of the company, this end users vary from medical office assistants, physicians, office managers, nurses, administrative assistants, receptionist, finance dept, insurance dept, medical records, and materials management to name a few. | 3. Business objective statementThe business objective is to minimize the cost of maintaining 40+ servers on a specified region, meanwhile providing for data storage, redundancy, and fast access to network files that would be housed in the cloud. | 4. Application architecture descriptionThe application architecture would consist of building a system that in scalable for future growth, it would possibly include emails servers, data servers, instant messaging. | 5. Information provided to the clientsThe clients would be notified of the changes being...
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...1. ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS IN A COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT ACC 109 Information and its complexity For any business to survive, it needs an objective that it strives to achieve. The manager of a business must plan, organize, direct and control the activities of an organization so that the set objective is met. In order to perform these functions they need to be making decisions continuously. To make decisions managers need information to help them to make informed choices. Basically a computer is a device that has the ability to accept data, internally store and execute a program of instructions, perform mathematical, logical and manipulative operations on the data and internally store the data or the result from the earlier described processes and reports on the results. Data and Information Data is raw facts or unprocessed information, computers and manipulate data according to the instructions contained in the software to produce information. Activities that are captures into an information system are known as data. -Data that has been processed is available as information and must be used by someone -Information is created through a process of recording, capturing and processing data and activities, then communicating it to the users to increase their knowledge to enable them to make decision. -Processing data involves doing calculations on the activities and summarizing the activities, classifying the activities according to certain attributes, sorting the activities etc. Information...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS 1 Basic Computer System Model ....................................................................................................... 1 Importance of Computers............................................................................................................... 2 Professional Standards.................................................................................................................... 3 Considerations When Creating Computer Systems........................................................................ 5 Glossary of Terms............................................................................................................................7 Past Exam Questions & Example Answers...................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2: DATA REPRESENTATION IN COMPUTERS 9 Units ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Numbers........................................................................................................................................10 Characters .....................................................................................................................................14 Images ..............................................................................................................................
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...Introduction to Data Communication As the world of data communication and networking is changing a transformation of the marketing world is a challenge to stay connected with real world through devices in real time such as mobile phone, tablets, computers and laptops. The modern day marketing have to combine the creative side of discipline and this could be a huge challenge. Three areas of the changing transformation within the market of data communication are by speed, relevance and the reaches within campaigns which has increased greatly through different ways in which people may access the media, like through Facebook, YouTube, cell phones and computers. The changing system bring about a particular tool or system and for any brand of systems to work together in the networking world and brand teams of technologizes be placed to implement new systems. One such resource is “Organizational Challenges to the Adoption of the Internet” gives important update of the changes within the networking community. (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Current trends that affect the data communication are market trends in which these they show opportunities on how to grow business successfully and take advantages of the many positive changes and guard against the negative ones. While the market trend does effectively also inform it also save organizations from reacting to late when it comes to surprises that may occur while keeping ahead of the many competitors when developing business growth...
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