...extension of the domestic policy and determines how the policy is applied to foreign nations, ultimately to benefit and foster the national security, defense and interest of the America. The foreign policy has been shaped up by numerous historic events, tailored to the needs of the American individual. After the Revolutionary War, the United States was aiming to keep its independence and protect the national interests from the European world powers. The Monroe Doctrine policy was established to limit the European interference in the Western Hemisphere in attempt to colonize or encroach further in the newly established sates. By the 19th Century, America was consolidating its efforts to foster a strong industrial and economic nation, which set the quest for expansion on new markets and colonies. By the 20th Century, the desire to expand, leaves United States to face a war with Spain for Cuba and Philippines, later the annexation of Hawaii, the Panama Canal, towards building a strong military and economic power and many other instances. World War 1 has kept the United States engaged in the European affairs , but after the prosperity of the 1920s and the Great Depression, America is faced with a Pearl Harbor attack by the Japanese and a military position considerably weakened. World War 1, leaves United States with isolation, and a long and desperate economic decaying age. After World War 2, controlling two thirds of the world’s gold, United...
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...The Cold War is a span of almost a half century of tension between, primarily the United States and its allied powers and the Soviet Union and its supporting allies or the Warsaw Pact, from the tension started during World War II and America’s late entry, to the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the economic, cultural, social, and political battles that ensued. Hesitant and cautious of Stalin’s thirst for power and dominance through his fanatical Communist control and the chance of Communist expansion, American’s enmity and distrust launched a policy to halt the possibility of the Soviet’s attempts at world dominancy. With American’s refusal to acknowledge the Soviet as a legitimate power only fueled the tension that arose. Although it was termed “The Cold War” only three wars arose during this time, The Korean War, Vietnam War, and the Afghanistan War, and never shaped an actual armed conflict. The succession of the advancement of technology lent its part to shape the cold war and the possession of nuclear warheads led to espionage and constant threats. Although many events led to the tension that constant escaladed between the two powerhouses two major events climaxed the tension. One being the launching of Sputnik Crisis in 1957, in which the US mounted themselves as the successor in space technology and therefore the leader in the forefront of missile construction, suddenly realized that the Soviet Union had surpassed them, which begun the space race, the Apollo mission, and eventually...
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...Latin American Politics and DevelopmentThe Cold War, the Cuban Revolution, the spread of guerilla warfare and the doctrine of National Security in Latin America | During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union fought together as allies against the Axis powers. However, the relationship between the two nations was a tense one. Americans had long been wary of Soviet communism and concerned about Russian leader Joseph Stalin’s tyrannical rule of his own country. For their part, the Soviets resented the Americans’ decades-long refusal to treat the USSR as a legitimate part of the international community as well as their delayed entry into World War II, which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of Russians. After the war ended, these grievances ripened into an overwhelming sense of mutual distrust and enmity. Post-war Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fuelled many Americans’ fears of a Russian plan to control the world. Meanwhile, the USSR came to resent what they perceived as American officials’ rhetoric, arms build-up and interventionist approach to international relations. By the time World War II ended, most American officials agreed that the best defence against the Soviet threat was a strategy called “containment.” In 1946, in his famous “Long Telegram,” the diplomat George Kennan explained this policy, The Soviet Union, he wrote, was “a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be no permanent modus vivendi...
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...Analyze the impact of the Atlantic trade routes established in the mid 1600s on economic development in the British North American colonies. Consider the period l650-1750 Analyze the cultural and economic responses of two of the following groups to the Indians of North America before l750/ British, French, Spanish Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society in 2 of the following regions prior to l740/ New England, Chesapeake, Middle Atlantic How did economic, geographic and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of southern colonies between l607 and l775? Compare the ways in which 2 of the following reflected tensions in colonial society/ bacon’s rebellion, pueblo revolt, salem witchcraft trials, stono rebellion To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution? Dbq Analyze the impact of the American Revolution on both slavery and the status of women in the period from l775-l800 Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nations Analyze the contributions of 2 of the following in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the constitution/ John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, this development often faced serious opposition...
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...drastically since 1945, so much so that there are entire classes dedicated to the change brought about by the end of World War II. Between 1945 and 2018, the world has seen the rise and fall of communism governments, has witnessed countries formed and others torn apart. The world has seen empires fall and superpowers rise to take their place, only to become locked in the ideological Cold War that left all in fear of nuclear war. No country remained unaffected by the conflict of the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Consequently, Cold War politics continue to affect modern the actions and reputations of countries globally even long after its end in 1989. The Cold War refers to the...
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...at once conservative and liberal. They motivate people to do things, to change the world in many ways. It might be said that the ultimate purpose and effect of religion is to take humans and their cultures to the “Ultimate”. (Eller, p 330) Owing to the importance of religion in America’s national identity, which is largely shaped by American core cultural values and "mainstream religions", these attitudes and traditions have played an important role in American social life, thus religious power naturally has penetrated into politics and foreign policy decisions more regularly in America than in other countries. Religious values are the sources of American “exceptionalism” and “messianism”. (Xie, p 39) After the Cold War¹, it became evident that religion was a key factor in many conflicts, including Bosnia, Rwanda, and Afghanistan. However, the ¹ “Cold War”: the state of hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the Western powers from 1945 to 1990. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 16 December 2012. <http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cold war?q=the cold war>. U.S. failed to predict the fall of the Iranian theocrats in 1979. (Patterson, p 3) Today, most security and foreign relation challenges faced by the U.S. are infused with religious factors―from its relations with Iran, to the Iraq...
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...with capes, masks and enamoured superpowers but is this how they associate heroes in real life? Contrary to some beliefs, everybody possesses super powers. Although these powers- such as the power of persuasion, may not be as profound as those portrayed in the media, we all acquire them. Let’s take John Fitzgerald Kennedy as an example. John F. Kennedy or “Jack”, his nickname, was an ordinary individual who made himself extraordinary. Although those who were not sentient at the time may not know him, one thing for certain is that Kennedy’s journey played an important role in the U.S History. On May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts, America was yet to know that their future president was born. Being raised by a wealthy family with an active political background meant that Kennedy had no trouble being educated in elite schools such as Canterbury, Choate, Princeton and Harvard...
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...Debating the Past: The Vietnam Commitment Rene Nodal HIS 145 August 26, 2015 Nancy Fraleigh Debating the Past: The Vietnam Commitment The conflict in Vietnam was controversial to say the least for many reasons. Many did not agree with the U.S. becoming involved with politics in southeast. As America went through the cold war it developed policies regarding communism and strategies to contain it that would later fuel interests in many other countries around the world including Vietnam. Choices would shape how the commitment in Vietnam would change from aid into a costly all-out war exacerbated by the lack of clarity in regards to the overall goal of the U.S. in Vietnam. In the aftermath of the cold war with the U.S.S.R, America engaged in many small conflicts around the globe for various official reasons and for one real reason: The Containment theory. There were many instances in which American military had a direct involvement with another country that dabbled in communism or had communist ties. Both Venezuela and Cuba, for example had dealt with America because of its ties to communism. Vietnam was to be no different. The French had left and where they occupied the United States would support it with military equipment and financial aid. The American presence in South Vietnam initially was mostly military advisors and its cadre. It was very challenging in many ways. The government initially supported a man named Ngo Dinh Diem who seemed to be a strong character capable...
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...the Civil War. Traces socioeconomic developments following the First World War and their impact on present American attitudes and policies toward domestic as well as international affairs. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Required Resources Schultz, Kevin M. (2014) HIST: Volume 2: U.S. history since 1865 (3rd ed.). University of Illinois at Chicago: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. (Note: This is a textbook uniquely created for Strayer and can only be purchased through the Strayer Bookstore. The contents of the book differ from the national title.) Supplemental Resources Alpha History. Retrieved from http://alphahistory.com American Experience. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org American Rhetoric. Retrieved from http://americanrhetoric.com A Multimedia History of World War One. Retrieved from http://www.firstworldwar.com Calisphere: University of California. Retrieved from http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/ Miller Center: University of Virginia. Retrieved from http://millercenter.org Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching. Retrieved from http://www.merlot.org COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Identify and discuss the different ways that the heritage of slavery, the Civil War, the Reconstruction, and segregation have shaped America’s history. 2. Summarize and discuss the ways that formal policies of government have influenced the direction of historical and social development in the United States. 3. Examine how changes in...
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...HISTORY 1500 WINTER 2014 RESEARCH ESSAY TOPICS 1. Select a crusade and discuss the extent to which it accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution...
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...globalization transformed the phenomenon of terrorism? Introduction The idea of terrorism has not always been as it is today. The word “terror” originated after the French Revolution and the word “terrorism” was subsequently recorded by the Académie Française in 1798 (Roberts 2002). The regime of “la Terreur” was one of force and bloody repression against opponents to the newly born French Republic, but since the 19th century, terrorism has come to designate a method of opposition used by small groups (Tilly 2004, 8-9) “against the legitimacy of the prevailing sovereign power” (Scruton 2002, 126). As Barkawi (2006, 129) aptly puts across “‘terror’ is often used as a weapon by those who lack sufficient weapons to fight a military war, who believe their voices are not being heard and their desires bear no fruit”. Contrary to the French “terror”, “terrorism” is then no longer a practice of the State; it is that of radical groups opposing the State, and it is mainly the State that gives them this name (Townshend 2002, 3); the names these groups give themselves are in relation to a cause they see as legitimate. Such causes have arisen in numerous places, prompting some to take extreme but in their minds justified action, and Europe has faced terrorist threats long before the 9/11 attacks, incarnated by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Basque Fatherland and Liberty group (ETA) in Spain or the Red Brigades in Italy, to name only a few (Barkawi 2006, 130). But those...
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...‘A cold war between East and West was inevitable after 1945.’ Do you agree? Up until May 7th 1945 Germany had been Europe’s main defence against Russian hegemony. Once the Allied defeat of Nazi Germany was complete, this defence no longer existed and the USSR held onto the territorial gains it had made during its monumental war effort. Germany’s fate had not yet been decided but in the meantime it had been divided into four areas by the former Allies. The tension between the remaining post war Superpowers, the United States and The Soviet Union were ever increasing. Britain became economically and militarily dependant on the US as its empire floundered. British rhetoric and ‘scaremongering was born of Britain’s desire to keep America involved in Europe.’ Stalin began to consolidate the Soviet area and the anti-Western language of the Soviet regime became just as scathing as Churchill’s. The ‘Iron Curtain’ was now in place and America, Britain and Russia were coming to realise that their respective ideologies were for the most part irreconcilable. Although it is often said that nothing is inevitable, there are times when the consequences of decisions and policies gather momentum and become an unstoppable force. By considering their differences and how the individual iron willed leaders involved expressed their intentions and shaped their stances against each other it will become apparent that the consequences and the forces that the East and the West put in motion made the Cold...
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...Merle Haggard’s The Fightin’ Side of Me (1970) and Bruce Springsteen’s Born in the U.S.A. (1984) juxtapose two contrasting views of the Vietnam War and reveal a stark reversal of public opinion on the issue of the United States’ intervention. Merle Haggard’s country piece embraces American nationalism, i.e. the notion that citizens should support their country during times of war, and reaffirms the imagery of the American Dream, i.e. that hard work pays off with success. While Bruce Springsteen directly challenges those ideas in his piece and hints at the wave of disillusionment during the post-war period and the gradual shift of public opinion on the topic of American nation building that continues to echo today. The first point of interest...
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...Most Significant Events The decades of the 50’s, 60’s 70’s 80’s and 90’s had many significant events that shaped America into the nation that it is today. The events of these decades shaped the United States into the nation that it is today. This paper will discuss issues that are relevant to each period in history beginning in the 1950’s and ending in the 1990’s. Exploring each period with due appreciation of what happened and what it accomplished in relation to the United States. It is written to awaken your thoughts of our past history. 1950’s Rosa Parks On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks (the "mother of the Civil Rights Movement") refused to get up out of her seat on a public bus to make room for a white passenger. Parks was arrested, tried, and convicted for disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance. After word of this incident reached the black community, 50 African- American leaders gathered and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott to protest the segregation of blacks and whites on public buses. With the support of most of Montgomery's 50,000 blacks, the boycott lasted for 381 days until the local laws segregating African-Americans and whites on public buses was lifted. Ninety percent of African Americans in Montgomery took part in the boycotts, which reduced bus revenue by...
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...The United States has become the dominant force in international relations. It is argued that the United States’ military act as the world’s police. What are two real-life international incidents where the States have used military action abroad? What are two factors that propelled America into a dominant military and diplomatic force after World War II? What are the key differences in American foreign policy before and after World War II? What are the main reasons in the changes of pre- and post-war policy occurred? In what manner does the justifications used for America’s overseas involvement during World War II still play a role in United States military action abroad? What example can be provided of such justifications in action? In what fundamental ways in which the rise of the United States to a world superpower has shaped the country’s responses to domestic spending, Fourth Amendment protections, and Americans’ choice of leaders in Congress and the White House on the home front? These previous topics covers the manner of America’s shift of power occurred and the consequences that the United States faces as a result of this elevated status. What are two real-life international incidents where the States have used military action abroad? In 2011, the United States aided in NATO’s successful intervention in Libya. According to the website of foreign affairs, the United States facilitated the intervention, took its led in cutting off funding to Libya as well as freezing...
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