...Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. Bad governance is being increasingly regarded as one of the root causes of all evil within our societies. Major donors and international financial institutions are increasingly basing their aid and loans on the condition that reforms that ensure "good governance" are undertaken. The concept of "governance" is not new. It is as old as human civilization. Simply put "governance" means: the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). Governance can be used in several contexts such as corporate governance, international governance, national governance and local governance. Since governance is the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented, an analysis of governance focuses on the formal and informal actors involved in decision-making and implementing the decisions made and the formal and informal structures that have been set in place to arrive at and implement the decision. Government is one of the actors in governance. Other actors involved in governance vary depending on the level of government that is under discussion. In rural areas, for example, other actors may include influential land lords, associations of peasant farmers, cooperatives, NGOs, research institutes, religious leaders, finance institutions political parties, the military etc. The situation in urban areas is much...
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...Integrity System, Internal Control System and Leadership Practices: A Review Study Mohamad Azizal Abd Aziza, Hilmi Ab Rahmanb, Md. Mahmudul Alamc, Jamaliah Saidc* a Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia b Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan Campu, Malaysia c School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia c Accounting Research Institute (ARI), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract Currently, governance in public administration has become a global issue as a result of the continuous stream of governance failures, fraud, inefficiency, corruption, and poor internal control and financial management. Public sectors worldwide are now under pressure to justify the sources and utilizations of public resources as well as improving the performance in their services delivery. Now it is considered as public rights to monitor the transparency and efficiency of public administration. To ensure good governance, understanding the way to improve accountability in public sector is very essential. Therefore, to enhance the accountability in the public sector, based on the literature review this study discusses on the organizational internal factors that has influences on accountability; integrity system, internal control system and leadership qualities. This study could assist policy makers to establish more accountability among different departments and agencies of government. © 2015 The Authors...
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...Good Governance 1. INTRODUCTION: Governance implies control, direction, and rule with authority or administers laws to govern a system to achieve certain objectives. Good Governance implies running administration according to the defined laws to achieve the objective of promoting the welfare of the people in a democratic oriented order. Bad governance means departing from the norms of laws and subjecting system of administration to whims, idiosyncrasies of the rulers to achieve certain ulterior motives at the cost of national interests. The hallmark of great nations is that they learn from their past experience to become wiser in conducting their current and future affairs. Another distinctive feature of such nations is that they try to understand the emerging long-term trends to identify new challenges, and plan for the future so as to take maximum advantage of the opportunities and avoid the pitfalls that may lie ahead. On the other hand, the nations on the trajectory of decay and ultimate oblivion neither learn from the past nor have the inclination to look ahead into the future to plan for their security, progress and welfare. All it lacks in the context of Pakistan; socially, economically and politically as well. In the words of Mahbbub-ul-Haq, ‘Crisis in Governance’, “Human Development Report in South Asia”: “Governance is the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority to manage the resources of a country. It is always based upon certain rules...
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...E-governance: Dream of the nation M. Shoeb Chowdhury Globalisation is the process of increasing connectivity and interdependence of the world's markets and businesses. In the last three decades, two driving forces -- advances in telecommunications infrastructure and the rise of the information technology, and its rapid productivity growth in the global economy -- played a key role in accelerating the pace of internationalisation. Information Technology (IT) dramatically changed traditional business and working patterns in the 1990s. Companies are now redistributing their businesses and jobs around the world. We know that Electronic Governance (popularly referred to as e-governance) is one of the most significant tools for shaping business and economics today. According to The Economist's print edition, February 14, 2008: "Countries like India may leapfrog the rich world. As it becomes clear that getting entrenched rich-country bureaucracies to move towards e-government will be slow and difficult, hopes are turning to poorer countries. Not that their bureaucracies are intrinsically more promising. Even under British colonial rule, Mahatma Gandhi was a severe critic of Indian officialdom. His words of advice are displayed in public offices all over India: "Who is a customer? The customer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us. We are dependent on him. He is not an interruption of our work. He is the purpose of it. He is not an outsider in our...
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...survey which focused on identifying actual activities, progress and challenges of decentralisation. ONE of the main aims of the survey was to capture the public’s knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions about local governance and decentralisation. This survey took place between February 6 and February 15, 2011. Among some of the observations of the survey were that decentralisation is not reflected as a priority in most instances. It is also not reflected in the current council plans of action. In fact, the research was informed that councils had been waiting for instructions, directives and resources to begin undertaking activities that have been stated in documents such as the Decentralisation Implementation Plan (DIP). According to SACCORD, beyond the structural issue, the survey was able to establish considerable levels of uncertainty among local bureaucratic and political elites on the issue of decentralisation. This was evident in the degree of divergence of perspectives on the subject matter concerning decentralisation among the local leadership elite signifying lack of cohesion on this matter. There are several reasons that could be advanced in relation to this observation. SACCORD programme officer (Accountability and Good Governance Programme), Michelo Mwango said that the most possible three factors include poor communication among the elites, political differences as well as sheer...
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...donors have responded as a group to changes in Bangladesh’s development requirements but major donors have also responded both to the country’s development requirements as well as their own interests. Donors’ own interests hamper aid effectiveness in the country’s development endeavours. The thesis investigates whether aid to Bangladesh has exerted any impact on the country’s economic growth. Following recent literature, the thesis examines whether the impact of aid on growth is conditional upon measures of policy and governance. This has not been attempted intensely in the past aid effectiveness literature. The thesis disaggregates total aid into its various components to examine whether aid effectiveness is conditional upon the type of aid. Results indicate that there is little evidence that foreign aid alone has contributed to economic growth in a country. But there is some evidence that aid can be effective at increasing growth while a country has good governance and macroeconomic policy environment in place. Given that Bangladesh suffers from high incidence of poverty and that there is a large incidence of inequality and differences in well-being, the thesis studies the mix of donor policies aimed at promoting economic growth with the poverty situation in the country. Growth in Bangladesh has never been pro-poor, and the high level of inequality that prevails is likely to reduce the impact of growth on poverty. Findings indicate that the...
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...[pic] ADVANTAGES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN A COUNTRY Governance definition varies from an institution to another, an author to another and from one setting to another. This paper intertwines various definitions of governance as a basis of understanding good governance, outlines the principles of good governance, and discusses the advantage of good governance based on six key principles with variance examples across the continent. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Governance refers to the manner in which public officials and public institutions acquire and exercise the authority to provide public goods and services, including the delivery of basic services, infrastructure, and a sound investment climate (World Bank, 2007). It is also the exercise of power or authority; political, economic, administrative or otherwise to manage a country's resources and affairs (Kefela, 2011). The United Nation (2008) has defined governance in terms of process of government action and how things are done, not just what is done. Governance covers the quality of institutions and their effectiveness in translating policy into successful implementation, which includes the mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences (Kefela, 2011). The referred institutions are the bodies setting formal rules (property rights, rule of law etc) while taking...
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...systems. As the digitalization of documents and processes is in pursuit, the cost of administrative maintenance diminishes. This could allocate more resources for use in the distribution of other valuable social goods. Transaction time with the administration is shortened. Efficient service provision requires having the right services delivered to the right people, and delivered fast when the people need it most. These perks would not be present without IT, which serves part of the realization of company’s good governance. (Magno & Serafica, 2006) Good Governance is the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development. The essence of good governance was described as predictable, open and enlightened policy, together with a bureaucracy imbued with a professional ethos and an executive arm of the policy-making bodies accountable for its actions (The World Bank Group, 2005). IT promotes good governance in three basic ways: (1) by increasing transparency, information, and accountability; (2) by facilitating accurate decision-making and public participation; and (3) by enhancing the efficient delivery of public goods and services. The use of IT could enable the organization, as well as the public, to inform their rights and privileges. Background of the Study Coreware Technologies Inc. is a group of IT professionals with expertise in online real-time transaction processing and banking operations, decided to put-up...
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...ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SERVICE CHARTERS ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN MALAWI – A CASE OF SOUTHERN REGION WATER BOARD BY RASHID FRIDAY NTELELA (201004511) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE, BISHO CAMPUS SUPERVISOR PROF. E.O.C IJEOMA 20th January, 2012 1 DECLARATION I, Rashid Friday Ntelela, hereby declare that this research thesis is my own original work, that all reference sources have been accurately reported and acknowledged, and that this document has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted to any University in order to obtain an academic qualification. Rashid Friday Ntelela 20th January, 2012 2 Table of Contents DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction............................................................................................................ 9 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................. 11 Research...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction States and nations since the existence of the first known civilization have been struggling to establish stability on the administration of its affairs. One of these, which is inevitable is to suppress corruption that seems to worsen. (Olivares-Cunanan, 2013) Although there is no known document that will lead us to where corruption began and who started this practice, there are already existing documents that proposes how it started and the reason why this exists. Corruption began in the early period as far back as the old Egyptian kingdom. There is also a clear founding that corruption through its most common form existed in other civilizations that existed in the early ancient world. In the Athenian state council, bribery is common in order for the major power the so-called elite to implement what they want. The same practice was committed by roman emperors who used give lands to the senate members in order for the latter body to be on their side. (Freille, 2007). In the modern era, documents from the past that can possibly tell us where and when corrupt practices have begun may seem to be impossible to retrieve, and if ever possible, these documents may have a little relevance to no use at all in the study on how we can curtail at least corrupt practices on the national scale. ( Co, 2007) Defining what is corruption and determining its root cause is one of the center of interest of analysts and international organizations...
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...a short summary of the contents of the document.] Kraft Mission, Vision, and Values Kraft Food Groups is a household name in America, “98% of North American households have Kraft brands in their pantries and refrigerators.” According to the Kraft CEO Tony Vernon the company’s vision is “… to be North America’s best food and beverage company, and we’ll get there by continuing to offer products consumers love, creating a performance-based culture that motivates and excites employees and becoming the best investment in the industry.” The mission of the company is “to be North America’s best food and Beverage Company.”(Kraft) The company has a long list of values to include; compliance &integrity, nutrition &well being, corporate governance, community involvement, sustainability, and food safety and equality. The company seems to use the terms mission statement and vision statement interchangeably as they both seem to be extremely similar, the mission statement being an abbreviated version of the vision statement. The company values seem to be what the company put the most thought into. As upon closer inspection one can see the subcategories and descriptions that the company lists for each of its values. Vision First lets evaluate the company’s vision statement, “…..to be North America’s best food and beverage company, and we’ll get there by continuing to offer products consumers love, creating a performance-based culture that motivates and excites employees, and becoming...
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...The Shell Global Scenarios to 2025 The future business environment: trends, trade-offs and choices © Shell International Limited (SIL), 2005. Permission should be sought from SIL before any part of this publication is reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any other means. Agreement will normally be given, provided that the source is acknowledged. The information contained in this publication is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate although the forward looking statements herein are by their nature subject to risk factors which may affect the outcome of the matters covered. Opinions from independent experts are presented as their own views in separate inserts with their approval. None of Shell International The companies in which Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and The “Shell” Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c. directly or indirectly own investments are separate and distinct entities. The expressions “Royal Dutch/Shell Group” and “Group” are used to refer to the companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group as a whole. The words “Shell”, “we”, “us” and “our” are used in some places to refer to the Group and in others to an individual Shell company or companies where no particular purpose is served by identifying the specific company or companies. Limited, its affiliates and their respective officers, employees and agents represents the accuracy or completeness of the information set forth herein and none of the foregoing shall be liable for...
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...Global Technology Audit Guide Auditing IT Governance Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG®) 17 Auditing IT Governance July 2012 GTAG — Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. IT Governance Risks................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Aligning the Organization and IT — Key Considerations................................................................ 12 4. The Role of Internal Audit in IT Governance............................................................................ 15 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Authors and Reviewers.............................................................................................................................. 18 Appendix — IT Governance Risk Assessment/Engagement Planning Considerations............................................. 19 iv GTAG — Executive Summary Executive Summary To support the heightened importance of IT governance and the mandatory nature of the International Standards for the Professional...
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...The Good Governance Standard for Public Services The Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services The Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services, chaired by Sir Alan Langlands, worked throughout 2004. Through two rounds of consultation, the Commission drew on the views of a wide range of people with experience of governance, and of service users and citizens, to produce the Good Governance Standard for Public Services. The Standard presents six principles of good governance that are common to all public service organisations and are intended to help all those with an interest in public governance to assess good governance practice. The Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services was established and supported by the Office for Public Management (OPM®) and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA), in partnership with the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. The Good Governance Standard for Public Services The Independent Commission on Good Governance in Public Services Good Governance Standard for Public Services © OPM and CIPFA, 2004 OPM (Office for Public Management Ltd) 252b Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8XG tel: 020 7239 7800 fax: 020 7837 5800 email: office@opm.co.uk web: www.opm.co.uk CIPFA (The Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy) 3 Robert Street London WC2N 6RL tel: 020 7543 5600 fax: 020 7543 5700 web: www.cipfa.org.uk ISBN: 1 898531 86 2 This book may not, in part...
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...Science THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE DEMOCRATISATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS: From ‘Soft Power’ to Collective Decision-Making? Saif Al-Islam Alqadhafi A thesis submitted to the Department of Philosophy of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2007 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract This dissertation analyses the problem of how to create more just and democratic global governing institutions, exploring the approach of a more formal system of collective decision-making by the three main actors in global society: governments, civil society and the business sector. The thesis seeks to make a contribution by presenting for discussion an addition to the system of international governance that is morally justified and potentially practicable, referred to...
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