...MGT 501 – Employee Motivation Raeford University One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? - Summary Herzberg (2003) presented an article that discussed the concept of motivation with regards to employees. Initially the idea of direct motivation, known as KITA or “a kick in the pants” (Herzberg, p. 87) was addressed. KITA was then broken down into three forms: negative physical, negative psychological, and positive KITA. Essentially KITA was more closely equated to movement than motivation; where the receiver moved and/or reacted to the motivation placed upon them from another (Herzberg). The article then explained why KITA was not motivation. Provided were the nine different “positive KITA personnel practices that were developed as attempts to instill ‘motivation’” (Herzberg, 2003, p. 87). Herzberg then discussed his motivation-hygiene theory with the concept that “the opposite of job satisfaction is not job dissatisfaction but, rather, no job satisfaction; and similarly, the opposite of job dissatisfaction is not job satisfaction, but no job satisfaction” (Herzberg, p. 89). His theory culminated into the lists of the intrinsic motivators and extrinsic hygiene factors that satisfaction was measured by. Next, the article talked about the eternal triangle of three different personnel management philosophies. One was based on organizational theory; one based on industrial engineering and one on behavioral science (Herzberg, 2003). From these philosophies...
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...Mary Mason May 5, 2013 Course: EDU 313 Professor Rick Holbeck | Poor | Fair | Good | Excellent | Outstanding | Crust | The crust is still in dough form. The crust still taste like uncooked flour. | The crust is thin and doesn’t have any flavor. The crust if hard and cannot bend. | The crust can bend and has a little flavor to it. The crust is flaky and not too hard for you to crew. | The crust is bendable and taste good. The crust is flaky and good for you to eat. | The crust is very good to eat. It is even around the whole pizza. The crust is perfect, not to thin and not too thick. | Sauce | The sauce has no flavor. Very bland and not good to eat. The sauce is cold. | The sauce is somewhat not too good to eat but can be eaten. The sauce is lukewarm. | The sauce has some flavor to it. It can be eaten but it is not at its best. The sauce is warm enough to eat. | The sauce has much flavor to it. It is spread evenly throughout the pizza. It is good and hot enough to eat. | The sauce has enough flavors to it. It is spread all over the pizza in a great amount. The sauce is hot and ready to eat. | Cheese | The cheese is not evenly spread. It is cold and hard. And not good to eat. It not melted on top. | The cheese is somewhat spread on top. The cheese is lukewarm and somewhat melted on top. | The cheese is spread throughout the top of the pizza. The cheese is melted and ready to eat. | The cheese is all over the pizza. It is melted evenly throughout the pizza...
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...Reference John P. Meyer and Thomas E. Becker. Employee Commitment and Motivation: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model University of Western Ontario and University of Delaware Chri 2. Introduction The article is about presenting an integrated model about employees' commitment and motivation. According to the article, commitment and motivation are distinguishable, albeit related, concepts. More specifically, it suggest that commitment is one component of motivation and, by integrating theories of commitment and motivation, it gain a better understanding of the two processes themselves and of workplace behavior. This article is conceptual based which is largely based on presenting the reasoning of different theories. Employee Commitment and Motivation: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model uses various theories about motivation and commitment. 3. Brief Summary This article tried to assert commitment is one part of motivation and, by integrating theories of commitment and motivation, For example, because commitment often involves psychological attachment to social foci, incorporating commitment as an independent aspect of motivation should allow enhanced understanding of behaviors that have broader social implications. The article begin its attempt at integration by providing a broad overview of theory and research pertaining to workplace motivation and commitment. Both are complex concepts, and therefore a comprehensive analysis is beyond the scope of the...
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...Cross-Cultural Motivation and Self-Determination Susan McGilloway Walden University Self-Determination Theory For decades researchers have studied human motivation and the process of developing self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1980, 1985, 1991; Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000; Deci & Ryan, 2008; Vallarand, Pelletier, and Koestner, 2008). Human motivation is the drive to change personal or public behaviors on an individual or societal level. Self-determination theory presupposes that motivation is the inner impetus to implement sustained change independent of control by others (Deci & Ryan, 2000; 2008). Deci and Ryan (2008) and Milyavskaya and Koestner (2011) suggested that SDT applies to multiple spheres of life domains such as health, education, and work. The concept of motivation and self-determination goes beyond mere goal achievement and addresses the concepts of psychological, emotional, and physical well-being (McGilloway, 2011). According to Deci & Ryan (2009), SDT is in contrast to the Hull drive (Hull, 1943) and Skinner reinforcement theories (Skinner, 1953). However, White (1959) suggested that an innate motive that is psychological supplements drive theory - a precursor to the concept of intrinsic motivation and the satisfaction of psychological needs. In contrast to the drive theory of Hull and the reinforcement theory of Skinner, SDT strays from the concept of “deficit principles” (Deci & Ryan, 2000). In SDT psychological needs are understood as constructs...
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...Motivational Concepts Table Analysis January 7, 2013 Phillip A. Butler University of Phoenix PSY / 320 The subject of motivational concepts, although interesting could be viewed as highly complex as well. The study of motivation and emotion is largely a behavioral science, which suggests that answers to motivational questions require objective, data based empirical evidence gained from well conducted and researched peer review findings. Motivational concepts used need to be chosen carefully and continually evaluated against new finding to avoid being tossed aside. As useful concepts need to be improved there always new ones to be discovered. However, in order to move forward in this study of motivational concepts, which are largely derived from expert theories, we need to understand what they are. Reeves; Understanding Motivation & Emotions 2009 As defined in the text: “A theory is an intellectual framework that can be used to identify and explain the relationships that exist among naturally occurring observable phenomena”. Fiske 2004; Reeves; Understanding Motivation & Emotions 2009. Motivational researchers use theories to assist in the understanding in complex phenomena they study. To conduct this analysis a motivational concept table is used that depicts the name of the theory used, the major theorist of that category, the time period that it was created in, and any key theory concepts by that theorist. There are three “grand theories” described in the...
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...“MOTIVATION IS A CRITICAL FACTOR FOR THR ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL SUCCESS. HOWEVER IT IS EQUALLY CRITICAL FOR MANAGERS TO KNOW THE DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES AND APPROACHES AS WELL AS HOW TO USE THEM EFFECTIVELY” Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.1 Background Information 3 2.2 The aim and objective 4 2.3 How to accomplish the aim 5 2.0 Discussion 3.4 Definition of Motivation 6 3.5 Importance of employee motivation 7 3.6 Basic concept of employee motivation 9 3.7 Different theories of motivation 10 3.8 Why managers should have a good understanding about motivation 16 3.0 Conclusion 17 4.0 References 18 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background information ...
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...Fundamentals of Human Behavior | Motivation in Saint-Gobain | | ------------------------------------------------- L-2F.04 Léo ANIESA – Arnaud COSTARGENT – Thibaut GATELLIER – Gilles LAURET – Ludovic MANGA – Arthur MICHEL | Table of contents Introduction 1 I. Contextualization 1 A. General presentation of Saint-Gobain 1 B. What is motivation? 1 C. Problematic and hypothesis 2 II. Case study of Saint-Gobain: theories about motivation 3 A. Mc Gregor’s Theory 3 B. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 4 C. Equity Theory 5 D. Expectancy Theory 5 * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * Introduction “Motivation is everything. You can do the work of two people, but you can't be two people. Instead, you have to inspire the next guy down the line and get him to inspire his people.” This quote from Lee IACOCCA, the ex-President of Ford and the ex-CEO of Chrysler, shows the importance of motivation in a company. Motivation is the gasoline of the teamwork efficiency. It is what makes people follow your ideas and project. Thus, a company cannot work without motivated employees...
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...Introduction: Motivation is one of the most important managerial and human factor affecting human behavior, performance and attitude. Motivation has called as “the core of management”. For this reason managers attach great importance to motivation in organizational activities. Effective directing of people leads the organization to effectiveness, both at individual and organizational level. Definition of motivation: Motivation is the willingness to exert high level of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual and group need. Motivation is the driving force which help causes us to achieve goals. Robert Dubin defines Motivation as “the complex forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that moves the person to action and continues him in the course of action of action already initiated”. Characteristics of Motivation: On the basis of above description, we can find out some characteristics of motivation. The characteristics of motivation are: 1) Motivation is a continuous process. It is not a time bound program or a touch-and-go affair. Human needs are infinite. A soon as one need is satisfied new ones arise. 2) Motivation is a psychological concept. It is based on human needs which generate within an individual. Needs are feelings influence the behavior and activities of the individual and group. 3) Motivation is a psychological concept. It is based...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary Introduction Motivation Self-control Controlling motivation Importance of motivation Role of leadership in motivation Mistakes leaders make True leadership Conclusion and recommendations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Big companies have great ideas as the basis of their foundations. An idea can be a random thought of a quick plan, but a great idea comes from right approach to keen observation and broad vision. When we say idea, first thought prompts in, is a general snapshot/overview of the scenario around the object we are thinking about, and this thinking process involves identification, observation and planning (What? Where? When? How? Now! ). It was that easy to define this process, it is not that simple to apply it for achieving the status of being BIG. For big companies, a great idea needs an equally consistent and classic application which calls for a great effort and resistant ability in people’s personality. A resistant power towards the word impossible. They resist and ignore it. Great ideas grow in great minds, those great minds if, possess a personality trait of ‘’make it happen’’, comes out to be a LEADER! INTRODUCTION This assignment covers the topics for motivation, the types, its control, applications and how it has a relationship with leadership. I have also spoken about how it affects the employees and their morale. The organization I will be talking about is RELIANCE. I am a big follower of the first CEO of the firm Mr. Dhirubhai Ambani...
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...CONCEPT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – MBA MENTOR Human resource management means management of people at work. HRM is the process which binds people with organizations and helps both people and organization to achieve each others goal. Various policies, processes and practices are designed to help both employees and organization’s to achieve their goal. Human resource management is branch of management that deals with people at work, it is concerned with the human dimensions of management of the organization. As organization consists of people, therefore acquiring them, developing their skills, providing them motivation in order to attain higher goal and ensuring that the level of commitment is maintained are the important activities. Human resource constitutes of all the management decisions responsible for relationship between organization and employees. HRM is the field of management which plans, organizes, controls the functions of procurement, development, maintenance and utilization of the work force so that. 1. Organization goals can be accomplished. 2. Objectives of human resources can be accomplished 3. Objectives of society can be accomplished. According to Flippo, Human Resource Management is: "The planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and reproduction of human resources to the end that individual, organizational and societal objectives are accomplished" Human resource...
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...psychological perception of good in every human. This theory follows steps for the individual to achieve self-actualization. For one to achieve this, he or she must fulfill his or her needs of the lower level. A strong believer of free will, the humanistic perspective has always argued that despite environmental and biological factors, people have the ability to act and change in ways that they themselves govern. Roger's also believed it was important for people to love themselves and accept themselves, because these were steps to solving problems. Existentialism is more of individual rather than social. They, Existentialist need to justify their existence. For them, they’re having their journey in life to know their purpose based on their own philosophy, according to EDU310 Foundations of Learning. A post second world war movement, mainly centered around artistic and creative intellectuals. A difficult concept to define if indeed concept is the correct term. Existentialism seems to come from the human nature and how individuals deal with there own existence, indeed one of the most famous questions which perhaps describes the movement is “if a tree falls but no one is there does it make a sound?” converting this to man kinds philosophy “if we do not have a marked existence then do we exist?” as a human being we have to create values by living life which intern creates cause and effect. Existentialism is a philosophical movement that views human...
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...I outlines and discusses innovative ways to think about motivation, the impact of carrots and stick, and type I and type X. Pink begins with the The Puzzling Puzzles of psychologists Harry Harlow and Edward Deci who discovered that external motivations negatively impact performance for non-routine tasks. Extrinsic motivations that involve rewards and consequences for behaving a specific way compared to intrinsic motivations that include the happiness of completing a task. The concept of their theory was debated and ignored. Harlow discovered that monkeys would solve a puzzle without a reward, simply because they found it satisfying to solve puzzles. The performance of the task provided intrinsic reward. Harlow later revealed that when money was used as an external reward for some activity, the subjects lose intrinsic curiosity for the activity. Rewards create a short-tem increase but the effect wears off and eventually reduces long-term motivation. Can rewards have a negative effect on motivation? Drive suggests a new way to think about motivation. Pink states that most of what businesses, governments, and nonprofit organizations assume about human behavior, particularly about what motivates us, and is wrong. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations are typically outdated conventions according to Pink. Removing the old concepts of motivation and reinvent motivation through a scientific lens to understand human behavior. Carrot and stick incentives can do more damage...
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...Motivation Theories The psychoanalytic view of human motivation suggests that behavior is ultimately determined by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives. There are four basic principles to the psychoanalytic view. They are determinism, drive, conflict and the unconscious. There are forces over which we have no control and these forces determine all human behavior and experience. These powerful forces exist within us, and can be traced back to primitive drives or instincts. Those forces that determine all our behavior and experience, are in constant conflict with each other, and cause anxiety. There is no avoiding conflict and anxiety in life. Conflict between primitive urges and conflicts are deep within us. We are unconscious of the forces that control our behavior and the conflicts that cause our anxiety. We have virtually no control over our lives. Conscious experience and self-actualizing tendencies are most important in the humanistic view of motivation. The all encompassing motivational force in the humanistic theory of personality is the motive to actualize or fulfill the self. Self-actualizing tendencies are built on basic need of safety and security, belonging and love, and self esteem. Intrinsically motivated behavior, the central idea in humanistic psychology, suggests that providing rewards and incentives may not work to reinforce motivational behaviors and sometimes undermine people's interest in the activities for which they are rewarded. The...
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...Running Head: Human Capital Concepts Human Capital Concept Worksheet University of Phoenix MMPBL/530 September 12, 2011 Human Capital Concepts Worksheet Concept Application of Concept in the Scenario Reference to Concept in Reading Behavioral Impact of HRM Practices Interclean sales staff have been marginalized by the application of new concepts that do not reference their existing skillset. If Interclean had developed a training program around the existing skillsets of their current employees, the employees would feel as if they were participating in the transition, rather than being shuffled around and forced to do the same tricks as the other trainees. Janet Durham specifically requested that HR keep the employees in the dark regarding the changes, rather than involving them in the process because “it will be a challenge for all of us to play this diplomatically” The speed with which the changes are to take effect in Interclean is a major factor in this discomfiture, since it accelerates the disenfranchisement of those left out of the loop. “Measures of job performance (or some other reasonable dependent variable, say, the amount of knowledge possessed about a particular topic) are collected among a target group of employees before the group is exposed to a training program. Then, posttraining performance data are gathered and compared to the pretraining measures.” (Dreher & Dougherty, 2001). Attributes of Staffing Systems The career system...
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...1. Introduction The key concepts underlying this research are job motivation strategies and job retention management. Motivation can be defined as: the force which gives the direction to perform a task; the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). Motivation is the force which drives the employees to achieve their personal and organizational goals. Higgins (1994) perceived job motivation as the internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need. Understanding the importance of the relationship between job motivation and employee retention makes it easier to manage the workforce in an organization. Each employee is a valuable asset in which the success of an organization is depended; therefore it is crucial to retain the employees by motivating them in their work environment. Nowadays people decide on staying with the organizations not only considering the monetary compensation and benefits, but also on how much they are inspired by their job. Therefore, at instances where the motivation level of an employee change there will be an impact on job retention. Since this research will be conducted in the field of human resources management relating to investigating and understand the relationship between job motivation and employee retention, job satisfaction can be considered as a key concept. In today’s highly competitive labor market employees are considered as the key factor which determines the organization's success despite of its financial and other resources....
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