...of different countries while keeping the growth of population and capital accumulation constant. The authors states that two variables, that is, rates of saving and population growth of a country, can be used to determine the country’s steady-state level of income per capita. This model predicts that higher the rate of population growth of a country, poorer is the country and on the other hand, higher the rate of saving, richer is the country (Edward Gamber, 2006). Overall, the findings reported in this paper shows doubt on the recent style among the economists to abandon the Solow model growth in the favor of endogenous-growth models which assume steady or growing returns to scale in capital. The author argues about the fact that the predictions of the Solow model are firstly to an approximation, consistent with the evidence and by examining the current data for a large set of countries we also find that saving and population growth affect income the same way the Solow model predicted. Moreover, more than half of the country variation in income per capital can be explained by these two variables alone. And also it can be added that even the Solow model can predict the direction of effects of savings and population growth, it is unable to predict the magnitude of the same. Part B The pivotal changes that must be made to the Solow model are inclusion of the accumulation of human as well as physical capital. The exclusion of the “human capital” from the textbook version of the...
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...POPULATION GROWTH: PROBLEM OF THE PHILIPPINES Pasicollan, Vanessa M. Baliday, Erika Keisha R. Dopeño, Kristine Jade Clemente, Joshua Reniva, Jhon Carl Table of Contents Title Page Chapter I I. Introduction 3 II. Background of the study 4 III. Statement of the Problem 6 Scope and Delimination 6 Significance of the study 7 Chapter II Methodology 8 Chapter III Review of Literature and Study Chapter IV Data analysis and Findings Chapter I PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND In this chapter, the researchers will be discussing about the Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Hypothesis, Scope and Delimitation of the Study, Significance of the Study and Definition of Terms. I. Introduction : ------------------------------------------------- This thesis aims to discuss the population growth on some countries specially Philippines, that somehow...
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...AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY Charles Town, West Virginia PROPOSAL FOR RESEARCH PAPER MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & MANAGEMENT 2010 I propose to the Research Paper Professor a study of the following topic to be conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Policy & Management: Does global warming explain the relationship between the growing U.S. population and the rising average temperature in the U.S.? Purpose Statement The purpose of this study is to test the theory of global warming that relates the U.S. population growth to the average temperature increase in the U.S. The independent variable will be the rapidly growing U.S. population. The dependent variable will be the average climate increase in the U.S. The populations will be broken down into each individual state. Average temperature will be broken down into each individual state to get a clearer picture, since each state can have varying results with their relationships between population and temperature. This research project hopes to explain the growing U.S. population as the primary cause of the rising average temperature in the U.S. through the theories of global warming. Statement of the Problem or Research Question(s) Does global warming explain the relationship between the growing U.S. Population and the rising average temperature in the U.S.? The rising average temperature...
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...Difference between China and Sub-Saharan in economic growth and development This essay will try to analyse the difference between China and Sub- Saharan region countries on the economic growth and development issue from an overall view. In order to contrast the different development and growth methods between china and a whole Sub-Saharan region of countries, the essay will introduce the solow model in order to simplify the analysis, because in order to conduct a precise research, too many factors need to be controlled, so introducing a model which can simplify but not change the fact is appropriate. The basic assumptions of the solow model remain unchanged in this essay because the first assumption of constant returns will stand as both China and Sub- Saharan countries are economy which are large enough “that the gains from the specialization have been exhausted” (D. Romer (2011), "Advanced Macroeconomics", McGraw–Hill, New York, 1996.). The second assumption which neglects other impacts on the economy development will be discussed in the later paragraphs like policy, population, human capital and so on. Figure 1. China and Nigeria’s annual growth rate of GDP per capita (%). Data source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Figure 2. China and Nigeria’s broad money of GDP per capita (%). Data source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Figure 3. China and Nigeria’s labor force of total population (%). Data source: World Bank, World Development Indicators ...
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...Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou CID Working Paper No. 54 July 2000 Environment and Development Paper No.2 Copyright 2000 Theodore Panayotou and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou Abstract The past fifty years have witnessed two simultaneous and accelerating trends: an explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces...
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...Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou CID Working Paper No. 54 July 2000 Environment and Development Paper No.2 Copyright 2000 Theodore Panayotou and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou Abstract The past fifty years have witnessed two simultaneous and accelerating trends: an explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the...
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...M.A. Social Work (Previous) FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work - 50 Paper S1: 02 Psychosocial Dynamics of Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role...
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...of Growth Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Helpman C an economic growth be sustained in the long run? If so, what deter- mines the long-run rate of growth? Which economies will grow the fastest? And what kinds of policies can governments use to accelerate advances in living standards? These questions were central for those who studied growth in the 1950s and 1960s, and remain so in the recent revival of interest in long-run economic performance. Two observations have motivated many of the recent contributors to growth theory. First, output expansion has outpaced population growth in the 200 years since the industrial revolution. Second, different countries have remained on seemingly disparate growth paths for relatively long periods of time. Related to this second observation is another: in cross-section and timeseries data, we find national and regional growth rates correlated with a variety of economic, social, and political variables, including many that are affected by government policies. These observations have led the current generation of growth theorists to formulate models in which per capita income grows indefinitely and long-run performance reflects structural and policy parameters of the local and global economy. With this apparent similarity of intentions, recent research efforts have headed in several different directions. One strand of theory continues to see capital accumulation-though conceivably with a broad interpretation of that includes human capital-as...
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...Population-Control-Policies and their Implications for Economic Growth in China Bachelor’s Thesis supervised by the Department of Economics at the University of Zurich Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Zilibotti to obtain the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Economics Author: Noemi Schramm Course of Studies: Economics Closing date: August 17, 2011 Abstract This bachelor thesis is giving an overview on previously performed research how family-planning-policies in China (explicitly the so-called One-Child-Policy) have affected economic growth since 1979 and tries to give possible predictions and forecasts on how it could affect economic growth until 2050 through critical model analysis. The Solow model gives theoretical answers but also yields analytical results through calculations subject to different population development scenarios (low, middle, high growth rates). The dependency ratio as a measurement of population age structure is analyzed and implemented into the Solow model to help understand the influence of family-planning-policies. It is shown that the One-Child-Policy affected heavily the last 32 years of China’s economic development and will continue to affect its future, but according to the calculations in this paper, the impact changes from a positive one to a negative one. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Fabrizio Zilibotti for his supervision and for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis at his chair. Especially I would like to thank Yikai Wang for...
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...Topic of Research Proposal: HUMAN CAPITAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY. Background of the Study Human Capital has been recognized globally as one major factor that is responsible for the wealth of nations. According to Smith (1776) and Folloni & Vittadini (2010), human capital refers to the acquired and useful abilities of all the inhabitants or members of the society. Without adequate investment in developing the human capital which is the process of increasing knowledge, skills and the capacities of people in the country, the possibility of sustainable development might be minimal. Investment in the human resource determines the type, quality, availability and productivity of the nation’s manpower. It involves the socio-economic development strategies (European Commission, 2007) critically needed to facilitate sustainable development. One major challenge facing Nigeria as a nation within the global community, is how to achieve sustainable development. According to the IMF (2002), sustainable development is made of three pillars. They are economic development, social development and environmental development. The essence of these pillars are to maintain and enhance the capacity and capability of future generations while meeting the needs of the present generation. To accomplish these multi-dimensional tasks, human capital should be strategically cultivated and positioned for the preservation of both the present and the future economic growth and development...
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...techniques have been utilized widely in human cloning. Just as the name suggests, embryonic stem cells are cells derived from the embryos of human beings. The term cloning is used by scientists to describe the variety of processes used in making duplicates of biological materials. This paper will discuss the embryonic cells and pronucleus taking into accounts their application to human cloning. Caenorhadditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster will also be discussed together with application of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Embryonic stem cell has been applied in human cloning through human cloning for biomedical research whereby cloned cells are produced and used in individual patients suffering from diseases like Parkinson’s disease and type 1 diabetes (Fairbanks, 2004). This discovery has been used to develop embryos thus making important steps for medicine. Cloned embryos have been used widely as sources of stem cells, which have been developed to make new heart muscles, bone, brain tissues and other type of cells in the body. The stem cells have provided a breakthrough in medicine by creating new tissues that might be able to heal the damage caused by heart attack or repair severed spinal cord (Fairbanks, 2004). There are trials of utilizing stem cells from donated embryos to try and restore people’s eye sights. The donated cells are cloned to match the patient so that they would not be rejected by the body. With this kind of research various ethical and moral considerations...
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...Abstract Fast population growth and global environmental transformation is two subjects that have received considerable public thought over the past several decades. Population boost became a global public policy issue during the med twentieth century as mortality declines in many developing nations were not matched with reductions in fertility resulting in unprecedented growth rates. Since Population size is naturally linked to the environment as a result of individual resource needs as well as individual contributions to pollution, population increase yields heightened demands on air, water, and land environments, because they offer essential assets and act as sinks for environmental pollutants. Incidentally, concern with environmental change has come to forefront primarily since 1970, with discernible levels of environmental degradation fuelling public concern with the scope of contemporary environmental transformations and the advent of satellite imagery aiding environmental research (Colombo B. et all 1996). At the present date are estimated roughly 6.5 billion people in the world and the figure continues to multiply. In contrast there are a restricted number of natural resources. On the worldwide root the human population has revealed a J shaped pattern of escalation over the past years, while the availability of natural funds are mandatory for human survival is in slow decline (Cohen J.E.1995). Population policies which gears to reduce future growth represent logical...
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...Vulnerable People in the Workplace Vulnerable People in the Workplace Paper Watson is a Nursing theorist who recognizes nursing as the art of caring and the need to treat each patient holistically (Watson, 2007). Leininger is another Nursing theorist who realized caring is unique and the core of nursing. According to Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory as cited by Maier-Lorentz (2008), on Transcultural Nursing, nurses need to be aware of various cultures and how to use this knowledge in their daily practice (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory addresses the need for cultural competency in health care. Communication with a patient can be affected by a patient’s culture. In addition, nurses need to avoid ethnocentric bias. In an effort to achieve a holistic approach to health care one must have an understanding of cultural factors that may affect proposed health care interventions. Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory can be hardwired with Watson’s Theory of Human Care to help achieve holistic care of the patient (Leininger & McFarland, 2002). In this paper I will discuss the design of a teaching program at my workplace to help raise awareness about vulnerable populations. According to De Chesney and Anderson (2008), issues with vulnerability can apply to population groups or individual people. De Chesney and Anderson (2008) discuss vulnerable populations that are at higher risk for health issues related to socioeconomic status, cultural issues, or environmental...
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...loyalty affects the growth and profitability of the FMCG organization: a case study of Unilever Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Rationale for the Chosen Topic 1 3. Aim of the research 2 4. Research objectives 2 5. Research questions 3 6. Literature Review 3 7. Research Paradigm 5 8. Research Methodology 5 8.1 Research Philosophy 5 8.2 Research Approach 6 8.3 Research Strategy 6 8.4 Data collection Techniques 7 8.5 Sampling 7 Figure: Sampling Technique Classification 7 Source: Parasuraman, 2001 7 8.6 Data analysis tools and techniques: 8 8.7 Limitations of the study 8 9. Ethical Considerations 8 10. Time framework 8 11. List of references 9 1. 2. Introduction Customer loyalty and brand equity are the issues of high concentration by the twenty first century marketers for ensuring sustainable growth and profitability of business. The real asset of business in recent times is its customers. The cornerstone of assuring growth and profitability of business is the smooth operation of business (Hallowell, 2008). Strategies driven for obtaining customer loyalty are being adopted today by many successful organizations. For achieving high customer loyalty, no stone has been remained unturned in today’s highly competitive business world by business organizations (Zeithaml et al., 2011). The effect of profitability and growth on the basis of customer loyalty of the FMCG firms will be focused in this research. In this study...
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...Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries BACKGROUND RESEARCH PAPER Johan Rockström and Jeffrey D. Sachs with Marcus C. Öhman and Guido Schmidt-Traub Submitted to the High Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda This paper reflects the views of the author and does not represent the views of the Panel. It is provided as background research for the HLP Report, one of many inputs to the process. May 2013 Draft for Discussion Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries Draft for Discussion Background paper for the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda Prepared by the co-chairs of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network Thematic Group on Macroeconomics, Population Dynamics, and Planetary Boundaries: Johan Rockström Executive Director, Stockholm Resilience Centre Professor of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Jeffrey D. Sachs Director, The Earth Institute, Columbia University Director, The Sustainable Development Solutions Network Special Advisor to Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon on the Millennium Development Goals with Marcus C. Öhman Associate Professor and Senior Researcher in Ecology and Environmental Science, Stockholm Resilience Centre Guido Schmidt-Traub Executive Director, The Sustainable Development Solutions Network 15 March 2013 1 Draft for Discussion The world faces a serious challenge, indeed one that is unique to our age. Developing countries rightly...
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