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STRATEGIA RESURSELOR UMANE ABORDARE COMPARATIVĂ.STUDIU DE CAZ MOL ROMANIA
DR. ELENA MARILENA PORUMB MA COŞEREANU ALINA-GABRIELA Facultatea de Studii Europene, Universitatea Babes Bolyai Cluj Napoca

Abstract. In this paper we comparated two models of strategic planning that woth to be used in human resources management. We considered the case of Mol Romania Company to ilustrate the use of these models. Ne-am oprit asupra studierii a două modele de planificare strategică, şi anume Modelul în 10 paşi al lui Bryson şi Modelul Lynda Gratton. Vom analiza cele doua modele comparativ, pentru ca mai apoi să subliniez avantajele şi dezavantajele fiecăruia.
Modelul lui Bryson Figura 1. Abordare comparativă Modelul Lynda Gratton 1. Formarea unei coaliŃii de ghidare • Caută calea spre succes • CoaliŃie cu toate nivelele • Analiza situaŃiilor trecute, prezente şi viitoare

1. IniŃierea şi acordul asupra procesului de planificare strategică • Identificare problemei • Acordul tuturor celor interesaŃi • Analiza situaŃiilor trecute, prezente şi viitoare 2. Identificarea mandatului organizaŃiei • Surse formale şi informale 3. Clarificarea misiunii şi valorilor organziaŃionale • Un mijloc şi nu un scop • Orientarea resurselor • Eliminarea şi prevenirea situaŃiilor conflictuale • Imaginarea viitorului 4. Evaluarea mediului intern şi extern al organizaŃiei • Analiza SWOT: puncte tari, puncte slabe, amenintări şi oportunităŃi 5. Identificarea chestiunilor strategice ce se pun în faŃa organizaŃiei • Descrierea problemei • Factorii care fac din problemă o provocare • EnunŃarea consecinŃelor posibile daca problema nu este atacată 6. Formularea strategiilor şi a planurilor de Ńinere sub control a problemelor • MatriŃa scopurilor, politicilor, programelor, acŃiunilor, deciziilor şi alocării de resurse • Gândire în termeni tactici şi asamblarea viziunii

3. ÎnŃelegerea capabilităŃilor curente şi • SituaŃia reală a organizatiei • ÎnŃelegerea şi evaluarea analizei SWOT Identificarea decalajului Ceea ce vrea organizaŃia să devină Identificarea factorilor cruciali pentru viitor

• •

4. Formarea unei hărŃi –este o etapă statică • Identificarea modului în care părŃile pot forma un întreg funcŃionabil • Identificrea modului în care procesele cheie vor duce la rezultatele dorite

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7. Analizarea şi adoptarea strategiilor şi a planului de acŃiune • Identificarea evenimentelor neprevăzute, a eventualelor necesităŃi şi nevoi ce pot apărea pe parcursul aplicării strategiei 8. Stabilirea unei viziuni eficiente la nivelul organizaŃiei

5. Modelarea unei viziuni dinamice • Prevenirea consecinŃelor nedorite ale unor elemente componente ale strategiei

2. Imaginarea viitorului • Cultură şi structură viitoare • Este inima strategiei • Visurile vor deveni realitate 6. Punerea în acŃiune a strategiei • Provocarea de a implementa ieile • Continuarea procesului de construire a coaliŃiei • Construirea capacităŃii de schimbare • Descriere detaliată a proceselor, identificarea unor sub-goals, stabilirea indicatorilor critici ai succesului

9. Dezvoltarea unui proces de aplicare eficient • Definirea clară a rolurilor şi a responsabilităŃilor • Obiectivele specifice şi rezultatele aşteptate • Sarcinile ce trebuie îndeplinite • Resurse alocate, monitorizarea, analiza pe parcurs 10. Reevaluarea strategiilor şi a procesului de planificare strategică

Cele două modele analizate paralel se aseamănă prin faptul că paşii ce trebuie parcurşi în adoptarea strategilor se suprapun într-o anumită măsură, aşa cum se poate observa şi din figura 1. Ar fii mai interesant să conturăm deosebirile dintre cele două modele. Astfel principala deosebire evidentă este numarul de paşi mult mai puŃini evidenŃiaŃi de Lynda faŃă de Bryson. În timp ce abordarea lui Bayson de caracterizează prin rigiditate, punând accent pe formalism şi o metodică ce se impune a fii respectată, Lynda este aceea care sublinieaza numai câteva puncte ce trebiue atinse, lasând managerul să conceapă calea ce trebiue urmată pentru a putea atinge punctele indicate. Modelul propus de Lynda Gratton este mult mai flexibil, dinamic fiind capabil de a adapta la orice situaŃie şi privind spre viitor. O deosebire fundamentală dintre cele două modele strategice consider că este modul de abordare a formulării unei strategii. Modelul propus de Lynda are drept scop identificarea unei căi care să asigure succesul, găsindu-şi aplicare în cadrul oricărei organizaŃii care este mereu în căutarea avantajului competitiv. Contrar acestui crez Bryson dă de înŃeles că o strategie ar fii condiŃionată de identificarea unor probleme. Procesul de elaborare a unei strategii este declanşat, în viziunea lui Bryson, de existenŃa unei sau a unor probleme care sunt identificate în urma reevaluărilor realizate periodic.Lynda Gratton consideră ca această problemă există în permanenŃă, dar în viziunea ei aceasta se regăseşte în conceptul de schimbare, deoarece există o nevoie continuă de schimbare. Deasemenea Bryson analizeaza realitatea existentă în orgaizaŃie, în timp ce Lynda interpreteză analiza, îi dă un scop, identifică un rezultat.

MOL Petroleum Products - Strategia de resurse umane
Conform rezultatelor raportate în 2002, MOL SA este cea mai mare companie din Ungaria, lider pe piaŃa Ungariei în ceea ce priveşte activitatea sa de bază şi una dintre cele mai mari companii de petrol şi gaze din Centrul şi Estul Europei. Principalele activităŃi desfăşurate de MOL SA sunt: • cercetarea şi producŃia petrolului şi a gazului metan autohton şi din străinătate; • prelucrarea şi comercializarea petrolului; • servicii către populaŃie; • importul şi comercializarea gazului metan şi a produselor acestuia; • chimie petrolieră.

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MOL SA Ungaria îşi desfăşoară activitatea în mai multe Ńări din Europa Centrală: România, Slovenia, Cehia, Slovacia, Polonia. De ce este nevoie de o strategie a resurselor umane? Resursele umane, pe lângă celelalte resurse: financiare, materiale, informaŃionale, de care organizaŃia are nevoie pentru a-şi desfăşura activitatea, au o importanŃă deosebită, deoarece: • omul este singurul creator de valori de întrebuinŃare; • resursa umană este creatoare nu numai sub aspect economic, dar şi sub aspect spiritual; • resursele umane pun în mişcare toate celelalte resurse ale companiei, eficienŃa utilizării acestora depinzând în mare măsură de modul în care sunt puse în mişcare se om; • de resursele umane, de calitatea acestora, depinde imaginea companiei, dacă luăm în considerare interacŃiunea directă dintre client şi personalul din staŃiile de alimentare. În acest fel se explică atenŃia deosebită pe care compania o acordă resurselor umane. În mod imperativ sunt gândite în permanenŃă măsuri pentru realizarea scopurilor organizaŃiei prin antrenarea tuturor angajaŃilor astfel încât să se poată obŃine o deplină motivare a acestora Principalele etape în propude pentru realizarea unei strategii de resurse umane sunt:

1. Analiza generală a mediului extern şi a dinamicii acestuia
Pentru ca o organizaŃie să-si poată satisface nevoia de resurse umane trebuie să comunice şi să construiască o relaŃie de parteneriat cu mediul, comunitatea în cadrul căriua îşi desfăŃoară activitatea. Este necesar să cunoască şi să se conformeze, poate chiar să incerce să schimbe regulile şi practicile comunităŃii: • PiaŃa muncii: egaliatatea şanselor, ponderea minorităŃilor, a persoanelor cu disabilităŃi • Gradul de dezvoltare a naŃiunii, Nivelul de trai • PriorităŃile de guvernare: sănatare, creştere economică, protecŃia muncii, securitatea publică • LegislaŃia

2. Evaluarea situaŃiei prezente şi proiectarea în viitor
Pentru a atinge scopurile propuse, în ceea ce priveşte dezvoltarea regională, şi nu numai, MOL are nevoie de personal bine instruit şi orientat spre performanŃă. Cheia corporaŃiei MOL spre succes este onorarea contribuŃiei angajaŃilor şi extinderea priceperilor acestora pentru a putea răspunde viitoarelor provocări, pentru a putea face faŃă schimbărilor mediului şi nevoilor consumatorilor

3. Implicarea resurselor umane în misiunea şi obiectivele organizaŃiei
Compania MOL încearcă să realizeze o corelaŃie între obiectivele sale şi obiectivele angajaŃilor săi, pentru a împiedica apariŃia unor eventuale conflicte între interesele financiare şi poziŃia ce o deŃin în firmă. În acest sens, MOL se aşteaptă ca personalul să lucreze în cel mai eficient mod posibil, folosindu-şi toate capacităŃile, organizaŃia oferindu-le în schimb pachete generoase de remuneraŃii, muncă provocatoare, condiŃii de lucru moderne, oportunităŃi de dezvoltare a carierei, mediu de lucru internaŃional. Utilizarea eficientă a resurselor umane necesită asigurarea şi respectarea anumitor condiŃii care influenŃează în mod direct activitatea umană. Factorii de care compania Ńine cont pentru a-şi desfăşura în condiŃii eficiente activitatea sunt: • factori care depind de angajat: pregătirea profesională, cunoştinŃele practice şi teoretice legate de munca desfăşurată, experienŃa în muncă, creativitatea, spiritul de inovaŃie. Aceştia sunt factorii care se iau în considerare în faza de selecŃionare şi angajare a personalului prin identificarea acelor persoane care corespund cel mai bine din punct de vedere profesional. • Factori care depind de companie: politica de motivare, condiŃiile de lucru, prestigiul companiei, facilităŃile oferite angajaŃilor, cultura organizaŃională şi comportamentul organizaŃional.

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4. Formularea unor practici eficiente pentri realizarea recrutării, trainingului şi dezvoltării resurselor umane
MOL a implementat în 1997 un sistem de evaluare a performanŃelor angajaŃilor prin luarea în considerare a preferinŃelor acestora în formarea pachetului salarial, oferindu-le un sistem de remuneraŃie transparent şi eligibil. De asemenea, pentru a îmbunătăŃi loialitatea angajaŃilor, MOL a profitat de oportunităŃile apărute pentru a implica personalul în luarea deciziilor, consolidând astfel organizaŃia şi formând o relaŃie de parteneriat între angajat şi manager. Prin intermediul unui sistem de instruire în echipă şi cu ajutorul unor instructori profesionişti, MOL a reuşit să creeze un sistem comun de valori care, a contribuit la succesul organizaŃiei. În 1999 MOL continuă să investească în resursele umane prin conceperea şi introducerea unor programe de training, bazate pe aplicaŃii Intranet, pentru a putea oferi angajaŃilor posibilitatea de a dobândi noi cunoştinŃe şi abilităŃi necesare muncii. Au făcut eforturi considerabile pentru a comunica noua strategie şi deciziile managerilor angajaŃilor din cadrul companiei, pentru a împiedica plecarea acestora din firmă şi pentru a-i implica în dezvoltarea regională a organizaŃiei. În 2002, MOL a îmbunătăŃit sistemul de management şi a pus în funcŃionare noi tehnologii informaŃionale, pentru a realiza o cât mai bună selecŃie, evaluare, instruire a personalului. Instruirea se face atât pentru personalul existent în organizaŃie cât şi pentru absolvenŃii unor colegii şi universităŃi, Mol dispunând astfel de potenŃiali manageri calificaŃi. Anul 2003 este acela în care se pune accent pe cultura organizaŃională, MOL dorind să realizeze şi să implementeze un program comun care să dezvolte stilurile şi tehnicile leadershipului. A dezvoltat sistemul de „e-learning” şi a introdus un premiu pentru deprinderi excepŃionale, premiu care în urma unei serioase evaluări a fost câştigat de o echipă de angajaŃi care a avut rezultate uimitoare. În prezent organizaŃia MOL lansează un proiect pe termen lung numit „ExcelenŃă 2008”, care utilizează întreg potenŃialul organizaŃiei, toate metodele şi mijloacele manageriale în vederea motivării şi utilizării cât mai eficiene a departamentelor şi angajaŃilor.

5. Creearea unei culturi organizaŃionale flexibile
Scopul corporaŃiei MOL este să devină principala companie de petrol şi gaze din Europa Centrală. Pentru a putea realiza acest lucru, MOL trebuie să formeze o cultură organizaŃională şi o structură capabilă să faciliteze creşterea dinamică a organizaŃiei. Trebuie să implementeze o politică de resurse umane şi să folosească cele mai bune practici în relaŃia lor cu clienŃii, cu partenerii de afaceri, cu personalul, cu societatea şi cu mediul înconjurător în general.

6. Monitorizarea continuă şi reevaluarea strategiiilor
Fiecare persoană reprezintă o fiinŃă unică, de aceea, fiecare manager, fără excepŃie, trebuie să dea dovadă de multă flexibilitate pe de o parte şi de înŃelegere faŃă de aspiraŃiile şi necesităŃile fiecăruia dintre subalterni pe de altă parte. Cunoscând acest aspect, MOL este deschis la inovaŃii şi are o atitudine flexibilă la schimbare, lucrând cu eficienŃă într-un mediu multicultural şi profită de toate avantajele pe care acest mediu le poate oferi. Conducerea organizaŃiei spune că „e o oportunitate în fiecare provocare, e provocator ce are MOL de oferit”.

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Analiza mediului extern şi dinaica acestuia Identificarea decalajului de performanŃă

Evaluarea situaŃiei prezente

• • • • •

Legal Social Politic Economic Tehnic

Proiectarea în viitor

Implicare resurselor umane în obiectivele org Recrutare Formularea şi aplicarea unor practici eficiente Training Dezvoltare

Formare şi menŃinerea unei culturi organizaŃionale flexibile

Monitorizare şi reevaluare

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...Scenario One: Picture it, Norfolk 2011. Ms. Fresh Meat entered the second year as a civil servant; it was still a new experience. Young lady in mid-thirties young lady with a zest as if she was still in the military. She comes to work with an assertiveness of let do it and how can we do it better outlook. What she did not know is that Ms. Get Off Early had a different plan on how labor should be conducted. In her world all work must be completed before lunch and definitely before 3pm every day; time must be allotted for socializing, internet shopping but not responsibilities in her position description. It was a bad Picasso in the making to our supervisor, however Ms. Get Off Early did not want to increase her workload nor expand her responsibilities. In fact, she believed that her ten years in civil service as an Information Technology Security specialist (OPM.gov) and past work performance outshined Ms. Fresh Meat along with her other team mates. What was a slight problem was beginning to form into a major one for the supervisor. For example, tasking order deadlines, monthly reports, and security patch statuses were not making compliance dates. Also, snide comments about team mates to other workers in the office materialize. Besides, the supervisor had an abundance of verbal counsel sessions with to discuss her workload, attendance issues, and attitude. Fast forward, Norfolk 2012: Ms. Get Off Early did improve her work standards, minimized her water cooler talk...

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Human Resource

...Strategic Human Resource Management June 2010 Question 3 It has been claimed that the primary role for the HR function is to help businesses to become ‘High Performance Working’ organizations. a) Define the phrase ‘High Performance Working’. (5 marks). b) Identify and justify the HR strategies which need to be implemented in order to develop an organization as a High Performance Working business. (15 marks) c) Outline the competencies required by senior HR professionals if they are to be taken seriously as agents capable of promoting high performance working in the organizations by which they are employed. (10 marks). The high performance working (HPW) model is often the model used by researchers investigating the people management/performance link. It aims to make an impact on the performance of the firm through its people in such areas as productivity, quality levels of customer service, growth, profits and ultimately, the delivery of increased shareholder value. Significant levels of employee engagement, commitment and involvement, with participatory mechanisms in place, so that employees are not merely instrumental in their orientation. HPW is a holistic, integrated and bundled set of HRM policies and strategies which cumulatively deliver high performance from the workforce. b) Implementing High Performance Working into HR Strategies there are certain measures that need to be considered: * Getting top management’s commitment, particularly to resource, to communicate...

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Human Resources

...1. I worked at Merchandesing department in an E-Commerce company located in İstanbul for 8 months. My job title was Assistant Buyer and my primary duties were selecting textile products to be sold at the web site, making forecasts on budgeting and sales, deciding and making aggreements for new brands that have high potential . All the team members, including me had monthly sales and brand targets. Therefore, hiring matching employees for merchandesing department is very crucial. a) Our department’s roles in human resources management are explained below: * As a merchadesing department, we prepared an informative and descriptive presentation which explained the department’s duties, organization’s job titles, organizational relationship ( who is reporting to whom). For instance, there is a scheme which shows buyers firstly contact with the Planning Department for receiving budget. Then buyers visit suppliers and the main brands for selecting products according to given budget. After logistic department provides bought products to reach our warehouse. Then buyers contact with Production/ Studio Department for having products screened on the website. The other slides show the organizational relationship implying every team members’ job titles. For instance, as an assistant buyer, i was reporting to Buying Manager. A sales assistant was reporting to me. The buying manager was reporting to Head of Buying Manager and she was reporting to CEO. * As there are types of...

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