...Human rights are said to be universal, inherent, inalienable, and indivisible. In this paper we will discover what each of those mean including discussions which examine if human rights are in fact universal, inherent, inalienable, and indivisible equally and without prejudice for all of humanity. Human rights are universal since they are said to belong to all humans in every society and should accommodate all persons in the world equally. To consider if human rights are in fact universal, one must considerer a wide range of factors including cultural differences and geographic setting to name a few. Human rights are said to be inherent regardless of their nation, location, language, religion, ethnic origin or any other status. To say that human rights are inherent would infer that they exist as permanent and essential or are considered characteristic attributes of all humans. The term inalienable rights refer to a set of human rights that are fundamental, are not awarded by human power, and cannot be surrendered. Human rights are also supposed to be inalienable; because they flow from and protect human existence, they cannot be taken away without endangering the value of that existence. We must consider weather this trait is to be uniformly applied to all of humanity or if there are special considerations (such as incarceration) to which the concept of inalienable human rights may not be appropriate. Human rights are indivisible and interdependent, which means that in...
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...google.com.mx about what are the human rights, I finally found a website (http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx) where it defines the term and also describes some of the main ideas of what involves human rights. Then, went back to www.google.com and searched information about the human rights to the health care and found the website http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs323/en/ that is the same as OMS, but in English. What are human rights? Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary international law, general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. Universal and inalienable the principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948, has been reiterated in numerous international human rights conventions, declarations, and...
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...Extent Are Human Rights Universal? Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that ‘all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood’ (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). This idea that human rights should be applicable and accessible to all, that they are, in all senses of the word, 'universal', is a topic of debate for many critics in all parts of the world (Tharoor, 1999: 5). The very concept of anything being universal is in itself controversial; can anything in our multicultural, multipolar world ever be ‘truly universal’? This essay aims to evaluate the extent to which human rights are universal, focusing on the imposition of Western norms on Non-Western countries, the cultural relativist view of universal human rights and the defence for human rights as a universal idea. The first hurdle that the idea of universal human rights faces is who defines human rights? Critics such as Michael Ignatieff argue that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a Western document, and that individuals from Non-Western countries are not given the same rights as those in the West (O’Connor, 2014). This is noticeable in the emphasis on individual rights as opposed to communal rights, which are commonly practiced in Non-Western countries. In addition, many of the rights stated are only accessible to the West, such as the right to paid...
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...Human rights are moral principles that set out certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in national and international law. They are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal (applicable everywhere) and egalitarian (the same for everyone). The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law, global and regional institutions. Policies of states and in the activities of non-governmental organizations and have become a cornerstone of public policy around the world. The idea of human rights suggests, "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights." The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day. Indeed, the question of what is meant by a "right" is itself controversial and the subject of continued philosophical debate.However, the aim of this essay is to explore the meaning of human rights and comment on human rights violation in Zambia since 1964. To begin with, it is worth mentioning that in order to gauge the future of human rights, it is vital to look at both the past and the present. In comparison to the early days of the 21st century, individuals are far...
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...HUMAN RIGHTS Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms which everyone is entitled to. Human rights demand recognition and respect for the inherent dignity and value of every human beings, and provide the shared values and the legal basis to ensure that everyone is protected against abuses which undermine their dignity, and give the opportunities they need to realise their full potential, free from discrimination. Human rights are for all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. The history of rights can be articulated to the ancient laws (such as the Hammurabi Codes of Babylon), to Greco-Roman doctrines and through the work of philosophers and humanists such as St. Thomas Aquinas, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Hugo Grotius, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. These philosophers all contributed to the concept of "natural law" which set the stage for wide recognition of human rights and freedoms. Natural law holds that people are born in an innately "good" state, and that certain fundamental rights can be reasonably deduced from this fact. Great precedents in the recognition and protection of specific human rights lie in such documents as the British Magna Carta, the United States Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Moreover, Human Rights law developed mostly in the 20th century in response to World War 11. Although the world had...
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...Universality of human rights By Maarten Hamming Introduction “Rights are either God-given as part of the divine plan, or they are granted by government as part of the political plan. If we accept the premise that human rights are granted by government, then we must be willing to accept the corollary that they can be denied by government.” – Ezra Taft Benson Despite having been an idea since 539 BC, when Cyrus the Great wrote the Cyrus Cylinder, which had the most basic of human rights, the official Declaration of Human Rights was not set up until after the second world war. The Romans had a concept called Natural Law, which is defined by rules, that are a naturally followed by people. The concept of Natural Law changed into Natural Rights, when the French set up their version of rights all men have. These Natural Rights became Human Rights1 after the second world war, when the allies wrote down the first four human rights: Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from fear and freedom from want, the last one being the right of well-being. The Declaration of Human Rights represents the rights all humans have when they are born without any distinctions. This declaration was written down by the UN and was adopted by 49 countries all over the world including countries like Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria. While counties outside of these 49 have not adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, according to the UN they still ought to live by them, because...
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...GuidinG PrinciPles on Business and Human riGHts Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework GuidinG PrinciPles on Business and Human riGHts Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework New York and Geneva, 2011 Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a figure indicates a reference to a United Nations document. HR/PUB/11/04 © 2011 United Nations All worldwide rights reserved iii contents I. THE STATE DUTY TO PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS A. FOUNDATIONAl PRINCIPlES B. OPERATIONAl PRINCIPlES 3 3 4 II. THE CORPORATE RESPONSIBIlITY TO RESPECT HUMAN RIGHTS A. FOUNDATIONAl PRINCIPlES B. OPERATIONAl PRINCIPlES 13 13 16 III. ACCESS TO REMEDY A. FOUNDATIONAl PRINCIPlE B. OPERATIONAl PRINCIPlES 27 27 28 iv This publication contains the "Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework", which were developed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises...
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...Critically evaluate the proposition that all human beings possess equal and inalienable rights, and that they are entitled to such rights without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that each individual human being is entitled to. Human rights assert that humans are given certain entitlements simply for being a human. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscious and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2010). They were developed in a democratic and universal manner. Throughout the world, human rights are acknowledged in various ways, such as shared norms of human moralities, justified moral norms, natural rights, or legal rights which are enforced at either a national level or within international law. However, the concept of human rights has been a heated topic of debate, as there is no consensus as to what should or should not be considered a human right. Human rights are relatively modern, only being in force for just over 50years, however the foundation of this concept is seen in the history of philosophy and concepts of natural law, rights and liberties in classical Greece and the development of Roman Law. Human rights concepts have existed for a lot of human history; however these liberties...
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...Human rights education is all learning that develops the knowledge, skills, and values of human rights. The United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (1995-2004) has defined Human Rights Education as "training, dissemination, and information efforts aimed at the building of a universal culture of human rights through the imparting of knowledge and skills and the moulding of attitudes which are directed to: (a) The strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; (b) The full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity; (c) The promotion of understanding, respect, gender equality, and friendship among all nations, indigenous peoples and racial, national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups; (d) The enabling of all persons to participate effectively in a free society; (e) The furtherance of the activities of the United Nations for the Maintenance of Peace." (Adapted from the Plan of Action of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (1995-2004), paragraph 2) During this Decade, the UN is urging and supporting all member states to make knowledge about human rights available to everyone through both the formal school system and through popular and adult education. Human rights education teaches both about human rights and for human rights. Its goal is to help people understand human rights, value human rights, and take responsibility for respecting, defending, and promoting human rights. An important outcome...
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...SOCIAL SCIENCES GOVT.POST GRADUATE COLLEGE (W), S/ TOWN, RAWALPINDI APRIL 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS I. OBJECTIVES A. Understand the history and development of international human rights law and how it interacts with the law of war. B. Understand those human rights considered customary international law. C. Understand major international human rights treaties, their scope and application, as well as the Unites States’ approach to human rights treaty law. D. Understand different regional international human rights systems. INTRODUCTION: Human rights law focuses on the life and dignity of human beings. In contrast with most international law, international human rights law protects persons as individuals rather than as subjects of sovereign States. International human rights law exists in two forms: treaty law and customary international law (CIL). Human rights law established by treaty generally only binds the state in relation to persons within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction, and tends to be more aspirational. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: A. As a field of international law, human rights did not fully develop until the years following World War II. The systematic abuse and near-extermination of entire populations by States gave rise to a truly revolutionary aspect of human rights as international law. As sovereigns in the international system, States could expect other States not...
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...Human Rights Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever ours nationality, ethnic origin, religion, sex, place of residence, and any other status. Humans are all equally entitled to the human rights without discrimination. These rights are interrelated, indivisible and interdependent. All humans have the rights of freedom to live in the society without abandon and restriction to all resources necessary for a human life. It would be a violation of any human rights when a legal entitled right is deliberately or intentionally taken from a human. Humans should be treated equally to get benefit and have access to their own legal rights which are entitled for. Human rights violence are occurring all over the world; killing, wild torturing, illegal jailing, depriving from education and taking the right of freedom to select a life partner by his/her are few common human rights violations examples. To have a better picture of these human rights violations one must looks on the history that how people are affected and how they could be prevented of such human rights violation, if government and other human rights agencies have taken steps against these violation on the time manner. Only in year 2007, statistic shows that 6,500 people were died due to the arm conflicts in Afghanistan, most of them were civilians not involved in fighting, hundred of them were died in suicide attacks by insurgents. Barbaric killings of more than1260 individuals by police in Brazil...
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... NOKIA´S HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH Introduction Nokia believes that our core business – connecting people with mobile technology – contributes to the promotion of human rights by enabling and enhancing communication and facilitating economic development. Improved communications provide better opportunities for freedom of expression, and therefore promote civil and political rights as well as economic and social rights. At the same time, we have specific human rights within our supply chain. responsibilities, towards our employees, customers, the communities where we work, and associated with its activities, operations and relationships. One part of due diligence countries. The Human Rights approach is based on the benchmarking study, as well as our own assessment of international best practices. process has been a benchmarking study in 2010 of the human rights situation in 18 to respect human rights and assess any potential human rights issues that may be Nokia has conducted, and is constantly conducting, due diligence to fulfil its responsibility the research and development phase when designing features for a new product, aspects like accessibility and privacy have to been taken into account. In manufacturing, including our supply chain, the main human rights matters are related to labour conditions and health & safety. Human Rights matters to be considered vary at different stages of the Nokia value chain. In There are several human rights issues related...
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...A rights means a claim or power to do something or, to have (acquire) and own something, that is considered to be necessary for an individual to live with dignity as a human being and a member of mankind. Such claims or powers are known as, ‘Human Rights’ (Ajithkumar, Usha. , 2011, p. 1). Human Rights is a universal and legal concept. These rights are meant to uphold human dignity and equality. Human Rights are those rights which inherent to all human beings, irrespective of our nationality, ethnic, origin, colour, religion, language or any other status. Human Rights also referred to as “Fundamental Rights” or “Basic Rights” or “Natural Rights” or “Common Rights”, are the rights guaranteed to people an individual, groups or categories to live...
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...Security of the Human Rights Defenders in Protecting Human Rights in Bangladesh Security of the Human Rights Defenders in Protecting Human Rights in Bangladesh -Justice A. K. Badrul Huq Human Rights are Charter of Rights for Mankind. Human Rights are those Rights which are inherent in the nature of Human Beings without which Human Beings cannot live in the World. Concept of Human Right is not a new one but ancient. From the earliest time, human history is a history of long struggle to protect human rights, liberty and independence. Scholars like Plato and Aristotle championed thought that People/Men were not subject who are exclusively made to bow but, also were Human Beings who needed to be taken care of. History witnesses that powerful Emperor/Rajas by dint of their power and superiority conquered another weak state/ country and Land and Independent citizens of conquered/vanquished state/ country were taken to the Land of Conquerors and their Liberty and Independence were seized, thus grossly violating their Human Rights to live in their state/ country/Land as free and Independent citizens. citizens of the conquered country were taken to the Land Conquerors as slaves. We speak of Roman Civilization. But the question is- By dint of sheer power and arms did Romans not violate Human Rights of free and Independent citizens of another weak and powerless countries. In the face of Human Right violation can Romans be characterized as Civilized? My answer is in firm Negative. British...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF Manchester “Human Rights in World Politics” POLI 70492 Essay title: East meets West: Human Rights in Perspective. Lecturer: Dr James Pattison Essay Question: “Should Universal Human Rights Be Enforced regardless of Cultural differences?” ID Number: 8262033 Introduction: Even though human rights are of the major issues in our current day world, it has not been the case over the course of human history. Despite some early calls by the Greeks especially Aristotle for citizenship rights and participation in the political life, slavery was regarded as a normal feature back then and it was not until the 18th century that serious attempts to protect human rights and dignity took place: The two major events promoting these rights were without doubt the United States of America’s declaration of independence in 1776 and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789 both of which endorsed some basic rights and freedom which were a huge step forward at the time. As an example, the French declaration clearly enclosed the following article “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. Following these two events, many Western writers and philosophers such as John Stuart Mill, Thomas Paine, and G.W.F. Hegel defended human civil rights and liberties in their writings...
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