...* What forces contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations? Religion and beliefs play a main role in the cultural make up because of the simple fact that everyone has their own way of living. Even though there are many different beliefs they all can come together and agree on what they feel is right. Another force is geography for the simple fact of trade meaning what we have to give and what we can get from others. * What social issues arose because of this cultural makeup? Some issues that arose were war, and beliefs. War started because different country’s felt the need to take rather than to work together. Beliefs were an issue because everyone worshiped a different God and had different ways that they believed we should live. * What were the main cultural influences on early civilizations? The main influences were spiritual/religious beliefs, also ritual behaviors. Most people felt like if you weren’t living under the same religion as them then your different from them. They separated themselves from those who don’t share the same belief. Ritual behavior plays a big role because most cultures practice different religions and always the way they live life. They believed in a lot of what to do and what not to do. * From your perspective what are the pros and cons of revisionist history? Explain your response. The pros of revisionist is that you will get another view of past history meaning even though we have proof that those events did take...
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...Society has been manipulating human behavior for centuries, commanding great influence over how we view ourselves and others. Life in the United States is generally fast paced, a society of ‘runners’ we struggle to fit daily activities in our already packed schedules, leading us to find short cuts in order to maximize our time. The quest for instant gratification in mental performance and physical beauty has normalized the extreme use of controlled substances along with surgical procedures that alters the physical appearance of an individual. Dissatisfied with their natural attributes, a frightening majority of society seems to be battling with their inner demons or low self-esteem; they willingly put themselves in harm’s way in order to fill this void. The need to maintain a favorable view in the public eye and presence of our peers is obviously prevalent in our society. While the idea is not flawed it’s the way in which we go about achieving this status that is rather bothersome. Women especially often wear the hats of many roles, juggling work, family and even school females increasingly find it difficult to take care of their selves, paying less attention to their physical appearance. With the popularity of reality shows more and more women are comparing themselves to women on TV who seem to have it all. Likewise college students are also in the juggling game, trying to do well academically while participating in extracurricular activities, work and enjoying social pleasures...
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...Human papillomavirus or HPV has made a name for itself in today’s society. HPV has become widespread in today’s young adult age group. So widespread that most sexually active people will contract the STD at one time or another in their life span. Most don’t even know they have it and it resolves on its own. Human papillomavirus has not been around for that many years. “The papillomavirus was first pinned as a disease by Dr. Richard Shope in the 1930’s” (Castro, 2011, para. 1). “Dr. Shope noticed a rabbit strain of papillomavirus caused hornlike warts on the infected rabbits (Castro, 2011, para. 2). “Shope didn’t identify HPV, but he correctly concluded that the warts were caused by a virus”(Castro, 2011, para. 3). As more was learned about HPV it was discovered that many strains existed. “In 1976, a German virologist Harold Zur Haursen pointed out that HPV was the cause of cervical cancer.” Later in “1983 and 1984 Hausen identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer” (Castro, 2011, para. 1). HPV16 and HPV18 are considered high-risk strains but there are several different low risk strains that commonly cause genital warts....
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...Human trafficking is a thing that has gone on for years. It is when someone (captor) kidnaps another person (victim) and sells that person to the highest bidder for different deeds. Human trafficking is illegal in most places, but not all. Law enforcers try to correct the problem but “an estimated 21 million are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of these, 14.2 million (68%) were exploited for labor, 4.5 million (22%) were sexually exploited, and 2.2 million (10%) were exploited in state-imposed labor force” (www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers). The reason that human trafficking is illegal is because of its effects on the victim, society, and captor. Human trafficking has effects on society and the economy. One way that it affects it is by “promoting societal breakdown by removing women and girls...
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...| An Expository on Gender Inequality in the U.S. | [Type the document subtitle] 4/8/2013 | Gender Inequality refers to unequal treatment of perceptions of Individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically, through chromosomes, brain structure and hormonal differences. Gender inequality stems from distinctions whether empirically grounded or socially constructed. Gender inequality is still an issue today and since 2010, there has been a measurement for this. It’s the Gender Inequality Index (GII). This shows the loss of achievement within a country due to gender inequality. Sex and Gender. As soon as a female is born, gender expectations influence how a girl is to be treated. Girls wear pink and yellow and wear dresses, play with Barbie dolls and help Mommy cook. Boys are to wear blue and green, wear jeans, play with trucks and eat mud. Seriously, if a boy comes into the house after he has been playing outside and is all dirty, that’s expected, whereas if a girl does that, it’s not lady like and is frowned upon. God forbid if you get your Easter dress DIRTY! Three areas that I will look into for this essay is sex and gender in the military, sexism and patriarchy and how women fulfill 4/5 properties of a minority. Sex and Gender in the military could be this whole essay, but I will try to just go over a few points. Even though, the ban has been lifted for women to serve on the...
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...which comprise the emerging global civil society. What is their potential for contributing to ‘globalization with a human face’? Essay Number: 707004 Word Count: 3491 I. Introduction While globalization processes have propelled the world into an era of shrinking borders, rapid technological advances and intensifying connectedness, global civil society has risen at an equally rapid pace. Though global civil society is not a new phenomenon, the realm has become increasingly compelling in light of the explosion of civil society institutions that constitute a truly global sphere (Falk, 2000). By 2002, more than 30,000 international nongovernmental organizations existed alongside more than 20,000 global civil society networks, ninety percent of which had emerged during the previous three decades (Edwards, 2002). As numbers continue to increase, the true estimate of global civil society institutions is likely in the millions (Matthews, 2003). The growth of global civil society in the era of globalization leads naturally to questions regarding the institutions included in this sector and their contributions to the processes of globalization. Consequently, this essay will review the institutions that comprise the emerging global civil society and critically assess their potential to promote ‘globalization with a human face’, as defined by the 1999 United Nations Human Development Report. Many global civil society actors have developed with missions...
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...Human society is more than just an entity or a culture. It is a living, breathing, and ever evolving organism that never stops changing. Early human societies did not have the amazing technological advancements that we are privy to in today’s society. Early societies had to rely on the earth and environment for a stable, profitable foundation. There is an area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that once was the pinnacle of human society. In fact, this area is now known as Iraq; the birthplace of the world’s first civilization known as Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia is from Greek origin. It is translated to “Land between the rivers”, and these rivers were the main factor in the development and success of this thriving civilization. The biblical location of what many refer to as the Garden of Eden was located in Mesopotamia. These two rivers gave life to many civilizations in many ways. The Kingdom of Assyria, which is derived from the ancient city of Assur, was born from the banks of the Tigris River. The rivers flow from the north and run parallel to each other. Mesopotamia’s soil was so enriched over the years by the layers of silt left by the flooding and eventual receding of the two rivers making the soil left after the flooding perfect for crops. The flat plains of Mesopotamia proved to be very fertile thanks to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The hot, dry land of Mesopotamia was fertile due to the rich soil and with the use of irrigation crops were flourishing...
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...the functions of the society presented in this novel, specifically in terms of the aptitude test, and Erudite’s control over Dauntless. The advanced methods of neurological stimulation and manipulation are not uncommon characteristics in dystopian novels, and in Divergent this advancement has the biggest technological impact on the society and its characters. Aside from the serum that is used for the aptitude test, Erudite is able to use their extensive knowledge of the human brain and the advancing technology to create a new serum. This serum corrupts the mind of Dauntless and allows Erudite to control them, resulting in the corruption and dismantling of their society. Without...
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...The first social revolution is that of the hunting and gathering societies when the transformed to horticultural and pastoral societies. This kind of society enabled humans to stop moving around and make more permanent living areas. With dependable sources of food, human societies grew bigger, as well as the evolution of tools. This induced trade and set the stage for social inequality. Materialism brought about war. In return, wars brought about power and wealth. The second is the agricultural society. This kind of society emerged after the invention of the plow. The plow brought forth an even larger supply of food, which encouraged the evolvement of cities. People then had more time to engage in other activities such as philosophy, art, literature, and architecture. This period is typically known as the "dawn of civilization" because the changes are so abundant and profound. Social inequality increased. There were taxes and the elite surrounded themselves with what amounted to personal militaries. The third is the Industrial revolution that began in Great Britain. The steam machine was introduced to operate machinery. This tool opened the door for even bigger social inequality, more than any other ever seen. Those who first used the technology became very wealthy, and other peasants were made to leave their lands and had to move to the city, where they faced several hardships like starving, minimal wages, and stealing. This revolution brought...
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...The peoples of the dominant human societies lost their sense of attachment to the living earth, and societies became divided between the rulers and the ruled, exploiters and exploited. The brutal competition for power created a relentless play-or-die, rule-or-be-ruled dynamic of violence and oppression and served to elevate the most ruthless to the highest positions of power. Since the fateful turn, the major portion of the resources available to human societies has been diverted from meeting the needs of life to supporting the military forces, prisons, palaces, temples, and patronage for retainers and propagandists on which the system of domination in turn depends. Great civilizations built by ambitious rulers fell to successive waves of corruption and conquest. The primary institutional form of Empire has morphed from the city-state to the nation-state to the global corporation, but the underlying pattern of domination remains. It is axiomatic: for a few to be on top, many must be on the bottom. The powerful control and institutionalize the processes by which it will be decided who enjoys the privilege and who pays the price, a choice that commonly results in arbitrarily excluding from power whole groups of persons based on race and gender. Herein lies a crucial insight. If we look for the source of the social pathologies increasingly evident in our culture, we find they have a common origin in the dominator relations of Empire that have survived largely intact in spite...
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...Base/mode of production HM Economic base/infrastructure: forces of production: raw material, social creations necessary for the society to engage in economic production, technology, natural resources related skills and knowledge. Relations of production: owndership of the forces of prod, some owned communally, others were private ownership and compel others groups to work for it superstructure HM all aspects of society not included in the base, religion, philosphy, politics, the fam, law, art CHANGE IN ECON BASE CHANGE IN SUPERSTRUCTURE Simple Societies Not dependent on any other society; little political organization, division by gender Compound Societies Greater division of labor, stratification, composite groups formed Doubly compound All doubly compound societies are settled, non-nomadic, political organization more elaborate, caste system, towns and roads Trebly compound societies Extensive territorial scope of society; Great civilizations, productive, distributive capcity, regular exchange with other societies Historical Materialsm was also a reaction to important contemporary societal and intellectual developments: Lenski: Technology used to adapt to environment; Outcomes: Surplus production, Population growth, Stratification, occupational specialization Harris: Cultural Materialsm (best for preindustrial) Theory Mechanism: Population growth & technological processing deplete the environment, cause decline in living standards...
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...it's important to identify the causes of discrimination. Ignorance, fear and stereotyping Discrimination is often based on ignorance, fear and stereotypical viewpoints. For example, religious and/or sectarian discrimination is often fuelled by people living and working in separate communities and therefore not having ample opportunity to interact with people from the other group. Discrimination in Northern Ireland has not been helped by the fact that most children either go to protestant or catholic schools and many grow up in neighborhoods that are largely divided along the same lines. The erecting of walls (either real or psychological) between communities is a perfect breeding ground for discrimination. It is the responsibility of society to reject a "them and us" mentality wherever it is encountered and to ensure that young people get the opportunity to mix with people who have different backgrounds or characteristics. Irresponsible behavior by politicians, the media and other influential groups Most people get their views on a wide range of social and political topics from consuming media (TV, radio, Internet, newspapers, etc.) and listening to the views of politicians, religious leaders and other people who have some form of...
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...Amsterdam In the two volumes of The Civilizing Process (first published in German in 1939, and in English in 1982) Norbert Elias studied changes in manners, society, and personality in western Europe over the period roughly from 850 to 1850. The documentary evidence upon which he based his argument was mainly derived from the second half of this period, from 1350 to 1850. The purpose of the study was to arrive at a better understanding of the contemporary world, and of its social and psychological problems.1 Now, by any conventional standards the period from 1350 to 1850, not to speak of the millennium from 850 to 1850, is a very long time. Yet, when we take into account the full history of human civilization, it is short: an episode, no more. Consequently, since Elias’s focus was upon the changes that have taken place in western Europe since 1350, certain underlying patterns in human history had to remain in the background. Elias himself was aware of this, and in later writings he 1 Journal of World History, Vol. 3, No. 1 © 1992 by University of Hawai‘i Press *This is the slightly abridged text of the first Norbert Elias lecture, delivered at the University of Leicester on 6 March 1991. 1 For further information on the book and its background, see Stephen Mennel, Norbert Elias: Civilization and the Human Self-Image (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989). See also Hermann Korte, Über Norbert Elias: Das Werden eines Menschenwissenschaftlers (Franklurt: Suhrkamp, 1988);...
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...concept of “Information Society” The term “Information Society” is now being extensively used by many when we talk about the digital world. As the quantum of information is expanding exponentially, we also need to realize how the meaning of an information society is changing. The information needs of the new age society are to be understood and catered to in order to empower the individual as well as the society. The concept has many social, political, technological and legal perspectives. The rapid expansion of technology has only ensured that many more perspectives would be added as look at the term. Internet has become a platform where all individuals can now have a voice their opinions and views, but still the picture of the digital age is far from complete. The development of any technology is affected by the commercial attractiveness it provides to the people who can invest it which presents us with a danger of running into a direction where the concept of “information society” would be governed by commercial and not social needs. A society that organises itself around knowledge in the interest of social control, and the management of innovation and change... (Daniel Bell) A new type of society, where the possession of information (and not material wealth) is the driving force behind its transformation and development […] (and where) human intellectual creativity flourishes. (Yoneji Masuda) Above given, two definitions of “information society” point out to us that...
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...education that helps people earn respect and recognition. In my opinion, it is indispensable part of life both personally and socially. However, the unequal standard of education is still a major problem that needs to be solved. The importance of education is undeniable for every single person. It goes without saying that education has a positve effect on human life. All people need to study. Only with the advent of education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world. For example, learning by watching TV or reading books gives people a huge amount of information about anything they are interested in such as mathematics, current news, exchange rates, other countries' cultures and so on. Apparently, people may become more useful and civilzed if better educated. In areas where residents are not able to receive an appropriate education, life cannot be as thriving and properous as locations where there is a high standard for education. Secondly, education plays such a rudimentary role on our society that we cannot even imagine a life without it. It is a determined element for the civilization of human society. Not only does It helps us develop healthy surroundings but it also generates an advance community. As a matter of fact, everything we create today is based on the knowledge that we obtain throughout our life by way of education. This assists scientists in inventing equipment and devices, resulting in a high technology nowadays. The more developed life becomes...
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