...earliest known domestication of the canine The project I chose for my research paper was on the earliest known domestication of dogs and the divergence of their species from the grey wolf, which is believed to have been the first to be domesticated by early humans. In the research they sequenced the genomes of six canid individuals, which included three grey wolves as well as the Australian Dingo, Basenji, and the golden jackal. These three species were used to represent the broad regions of Eurasia which is where the earliest domestication of canines is believed to have occurred. The project used preexisting evidence and research that had revealed dog-like canids had first appeared in the fossil records as early as 33,000 years ago....
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...When taking a look at our ancestors of the past, Neanderthals being the closest in relationship to modern humans,I ask myself the simple question: what was the cause of Neanderthals extinction? Modern scientific technology and the ability to test DNA from our ancient ancestors bones are helping us get closer to explaining this phenomenon. According to Charles Q. Choi, a contributor for Live Science states, “about 1.5 to 2.1 percent of anyone outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin” (Choi, 2014). With roughly 2 percent of Neanderthal DNA in my genetic makeup, it makes sense that modern humans were involved in the extinction of the Neanderthal identity. As stated by many researchers before, neanderthals did not go extinct due to modern humans. New research is proving this claim false. Recently, researchers from the University of Cambridge and Oxford have identified the possibility of diseases are older than what we believed possible. New studies taken from pathogen genomes and DNA of ancient neanderthal bones are showing that diseases were part of neanderthals extinction (Houldcroft, 2016). With neanderthals DNA being similar to modern humans, they were susceptible to pass genes and inherit bad mutations. In the long run these bad mutations caused many problems within their population. Bad mutations are passed between individuals by way of sexual connectivity. With neanderthal DNA being part of...
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...Research Paper “The Neolithic Revolution” Contents: 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3 2. Literature review……………………………………………………………………..4 3. Neolithic revolution…………………………………………………………………..6 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….9 5. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………10 Introduction The most important technological development ever to occur in human history was the domestication of plants (agriculture) and animals (pastoralism). Together these developments are called the Neolithic Revolution. To understand how the Neolithic Revolution occurred it is necessary to understand the economic system it replaced. Until the Neolithic, and in most areas for a long time after, all humans engaged in an economic activity called "hunting and gathering". This system is called "food extraction" as opposed to "food production" by agriculture and pastoralism. This period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture, including the creation of cities and permanent dwellings, labor specialization, the baking of bread, personal property, more complex hierarchical social structures, non-agricultural crafts, slavery, the state, official marriage, personal inheritance, and more. I’ve chosen this topic because we can’t imagine our life, if there were not such a revolution. What would we be without the Neolithic Revolution? I think without the Neolithic...
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...Justin Kruczek 830793223 Paper 1 Residential Burial Sites Residential Burial Sites Upon conducting my research, I found multiple sites that I will be referencing in my paper. The main purpose of this paper is to inform people about the residential burial methods used in Thailand and Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico. In one of the articles I found it describes residential burials by saying, “Residential burial” or “intramural burial” has often been used to denote subfloor or other types of burials within residential structures, such as those within structure walls. (Residential Burial in Global Perspective Ron L. Adams Simon Fraser University and Stacie M. King Indiana University, PG. 3) This is to give a basic idea on what will be further discussed in this paper. In the article that was found, there were multiple burial sites where archeologists found remains and burial methods all over Thailand. These places in Thailand where they found these residential burial sites are, “The mortuary remains from most of these low mound sites including Ban Kao (Sørensen 1967), Non Nok Tha (Bayard 1984, 1996–97), Ban Na Di (Higham and Kijngam 1984a, 1984b, 1984c), Khok Phanom Di (Higham and Thosarat 1994:23), Nong Nor (Higham and Thosarat 1998), Ban Wang Hai (Pautreau et al. 2001), Ban Lum Khao (Higham and O’Reilly 2004:301), Noen U-Loke (Talbot 2007:305), and Ban Non Wat (Higham 2008, 2009a; Higham and Thosarat 2006), have all been discussed explicitly in terms of being “cemeteries” (Residential...
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...I Am An Atheist The Evolution Of Religion, A Research Paper So I was asked by a few of you to post a research paper I wrote on the evolution of religion. I managed to find it, along with all of my source articles! This was done for my Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior Psychology class in college. It is a bit lengthy and the language is scientific in nature, hopefully that won't bother anyone. Keep in mind, it also follows the accepted assumptions made by the scientific community, namely that humans are the only animals with language. I know that is debatable, but it is what is accepted, so it is assumed in this paper. I hope you enjoy, and I hope I can't get in trouble for posting this on a public forum! Thanks so much guys~! The Evolution of Religion as a Social Mechanism Religion has proven itself to be a key part of the human experience across the globe. However, much speculation concerning some basic principles of religion have been debated as maladaptive, such as altruism. This has been a puzzle for scientists of many fields. Some evidence in other animals has allowed us a glimpse at what may be the beginnings of religion in the form of ritualistic behavior. Since this is such an important feature within religions of today and especially ancient religions, there is much to be learned from these comparisons. Through these early manifestations, scientists are able to look at the evolutionary process of religion within humans and how Darwinian structure can apply to...
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...diverse nation on the planet. There may be other facts disputing this assumption but the United States beats other culturally diverse nations in terms of the tolerance and harmony between the resident cultures. All this can been attested to the fact that America is an Immigration Country. The country constitutes people from different parts of the world. The process of people moving into the new world that is the Americas where the United State lies began centuries ago and has been an ongoing process to the current day. This paper examines the origins of their Native Americans. This paper also explores their journey into the Americas as the first Immigrants. Their settlement patterns and ways of life will also be examined. The paper also explores how the Native Americans in the Americas fared during the European conquest of the region that is currently identified as the America. Euro-Indian relations, conflicts and their aftermath is also a focus point of the paper, which culminates into the current state of affairs of the Native American community in the Americas. Origins of the Native Americans There are diverse sources of information on the origins and history of the Native Americans. They include oral history passed down through generations. This oral history is as diverse as the Indian Nations. Different tribes have different folklore to explain their origins. For instance, the Haida who reside in British Columbia say that man was shaken out of a clam shell by a raven. The...
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...talks about looking for different foods, the ethics of hunting animals and harvesting the meat as well as giving a brief look into what brought about the paradox of The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Chapters 15, 16, and 17 bring up a lot of good points about foraging and hunting. Pollan provides in depth detail and research on the topics. The difficult part is staying focused on the story the author is illustrating. Pollan tends to bounce around on different topics and drags out details making it difficult to keep the reader entertained. Chapter 15 of Omnivore's Dilemma discusses how Pollan is preparing to make a meal from all of the foraging groups. Fruits, vegetables, fungi, and meat were the components that made up this meal. His goal was to find and gather enough from each group to make his first meal from nature. Pollan discusses his recent move to California and how his unfamiliarity with the area was a disadvantage. He gives a brief picture of his family back round. His fathers was an avid “indoors men” who was incapable of teaching him anything about being a hunter or outdoorsmen. His mother was a skilled gatherer and farmer who developed his skills as a gardener and gatherer. Pollan does an excellent job at...
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...The Batek of Malaysia The Batek are Semang or Malaysian negritios, numbering 700- 800 in 1995. During the 1970’s the general period of the following description, they lived mainly in the watershed of the Lebir River in the peninsular Malaysian state of Kelantan and doing the northern tributaries of the Tambling river in Pohang state (Malaysia(2006). Batek, like other Semang, are typically shorter than most Southeast Asians, with dark brown skin and curly to woolly hair. They lived in the rain forest of Malaysia. The Batek is known to be one of the oldest groups in Malaysia the name Batek means, the original people of Malaysia(cite). They were kind of their own small world. They developed their own language, they had their own style, and they never really change the tradition. Their families consist of a typical family with a mother, father, and children. They are also a foraging society that hunt and gather food. Culture shapes the meaning people make of their life as well as how people experience movement throughout life course through beliefs and values , economic organization, religion, and social change. The Batek have a complex economic organization that revolves around hunting and gathering and trading. They were known for having a conjugal family. Where they would live with up to 15 people in one camp. And sometimes different sets of couples change daily. They explored with while foods like while you damn and certain fruit. The Batek were very family oriented and...
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...Guns, Germs and Steel Page 1 GUNS, GERMS, AND STEEL: The Fates of Human Societies By Jared Diamond, 1997 About the Author: Jared Diamond is a professor of physiology at UCLA School of Medicine. He is a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship and was awarded a 1999 National Medal of Science. He is also the author of The Third Chimpanzee. SUMMARY The book asks and attempts to answer the question, once humankind spread throughout the world, why did different populations in different locations have such different histories? The modern world has been shaped by conquest, epidemics, and genocide, the ingredients of which arose first in Eurasia. The book’s premise is that those ingredients required the development of agriculture. Agriculture also arose first in Eurasia, not because Eurasians were superior in any way to people of other continents, but because of a unique combination of naturally occurring advantages, including more and more suitable wild crops and animals to domesticate, a larger land mass with fewer barriers to the spread of people, crops, and technology, and an east-west axis which meant that climate was similar across the region. The book is well written and contains not only information about the history of cultures around the world, but excellent descriptions of the scientific methodologies used to study them, from how archeologists study the origin of agriculture to how writing evolved to how linguistics can trace the movements of peoples across huge geographic...
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...102). And to ensure the cooperation of women in the workforce, women with children benefited from paid leaves, gradual reduction of working hours and the socialization of child cares (Szymanski 103). Citizens were provided with free universal healthcare, economic stability and guaranteed pensions that were taken away from them once the Soviet Union dissolved (Esipova & Ray). In fact, according to surveys conducted by Gallup, a research-based global-management consulting company, former Soviets believe that the Soviet breakup has done more harm than good, because the breakup lead to economic instability (Odobescu). According to the Public Affairs polling agency of Romania, “more than 53% of Romanians… would prefer to live once again...
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...Everything from supplying life-giving chemicals and wiping out the dinosaurs with meteorites to influencing human culture and evolution. The whole world is full of evidence that aliens exist, even though it is usually denied and ignored by the government and academics. This paper will give a short investigation of extraterrestrial events and evidence. Ancient people, especially their huge structures and exciting grip of mathematics and astronomy, have always attracted human kind. For example, the Sumerians were aware of Pluto as early as 5,000 bce, seven thousand years before it was discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh in 1930. The first written evidence of extraterrestrials was discovered in 1935 by Prof. Tsum Um Nui of the Academy of Prehistoric Research in Beijing who found a stone disk in the cave part of the Baian Kara Ula Mountains near Tibet. The stone disk was buried with a group of humans with delicate bodies and weird large skulls. At first they were thought to be apes, Prof. Um Nui was rumored to have said “Who ever heard of apes burying each other?” They ended up finding 716 disks but the Chinese government would not let any more research be done until a Russian, Dr. Saitsew, examined them and wrote a paper in 1968. When the stone disks were examined, they found that a long spiral of hieroglyphics was written on them. In one place it says literally: ‘The Dropa came down from the clouds with their air gliders. Ten times the men, women and children of the Kham hid in the caves...
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...Better than Rational: Evolutionary Psychology and the Invisible Hand @ Leda Cosmides; John Tooby The American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May, 1994), 327-332. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28 199405%2984%3A2%3C327%3ABTREPA%3E2.O.CO%3B2-9 The American Economic Review is currently published by American Economic Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.j stor.org/journals/aea.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org/ Fri Sep 10 17:38:04 2004 Better than Rational: Evolutionary Psychology and the Invisible...
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...Steven R. James Nov. 10, 2014 INTRODUCTION In my quest to study the life of the ancient California inhabitants, I visited the San Diego Museum of Man which is an anthropological museum situated in Balboa Park, San Diego, California. The museum was established in the year 1915 as a result of the Panama-California Exposition where several exhibits were displayed with ‘The Story of Man through Ages’ being the first. At the culmination of the exposition, San Diego Museum Association sought to retain the available collection and start a permanent museum. As a result, the collection was named Museum of Man in 1942 and later in 1978 as the California Museum of Man. Besides housing the history of the Kumeyaay people, who are the subject of this research paper, the history of other Native Americans from the South of California can also be studied in this place. The museum has a population of over 100000 ethnographic items, 25000 images, and a large library of books and journals. MUSEUM EXHIBIT 1) Artifact Display On the second floor of the museum, a wide variety of the historic sources can be found. Among the displayed artifacts there are models of the early man, reconstructions of the bones of hominids, cave paintings, coffins of mummies from ancient Egypt, stone carvings, and remains of the Egyptian mummy known as Lemon Grove. The culture of the people of China, Egypt and the Kumeyaay people are dominant. Their traditions and way of life are represented by the paintings, jewelry, pottery...
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...Mbuti Culture Mbuti Culture Mbuti people, also known as Bambuti, are a pygmy foraging group consisting of numerous bands in the Congo region of Africa. Pygmy is a term used worldwide in many ethnic groups to describe individuals whose average height is unusually low. Foragers are a group of people who rely on hunting and gathering to obtain their food and other sources needed for survival. This paper will discuss the background of Mbuti people, their culture, and how society today is changing the future for these indigenous people. Sometimes referred to as “the people of the trees,” Mbuti is one of the four cultures within the Bambuti. The Mbuti, as mentioned before, reside in the Congo region of Africa, specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire. Zaire is home for the tropical rainforest, Ituri. “The “Forest,” or symbolized universe of the Mbuti, can be understood as a system of symbols by which kinship operates. These symbols have direct relevance to the Mbuti social world. The example of the concept of “sphere,” as an organizational system underlying the spatial layout of the family hut, the band community, and the “Forest” itself, illustrates the direct application of ndura symbolism to Mbuti life. Furthermore, the Mbuti kinship system functions at several different levels – the family, the sub-band, the band, and that of general Mbuti society, all of which are connected to the “Forest.” Various...
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...Historians use the library as a primary source of material because of the vast amounts of original documents available, and they come from all over the country to do research. There is such a vast amount of material the archivist has to determine which material to use, and the unions help to fund the library. All research for Labor Studies begin with the Reuther Library, and the class was privileged to view on of the personal boxes of material of Grace Lee Boggs, the recently deceased activist, educator and great advocate for oppressed people throughout the world. Mr. Jones showed the class memorabilia from historical figures of Detroit like the great labor activist Mary Ellen Riordan and former mayor Coleman Young. The film room and the room with boxes of materials are booth refrigerated to help prevent deterioration of archives. The library contains over 12,000 book titles and different resource materials, vertical files, union activities, conventions, meetings etc. political organizations...
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