...RUNNING HEADER: Individual Assignment Experiential Exercise Kristina Pelly Indiana Wesleyan University The two companies I chose to evaluate are China International Water and Electric Corporation and Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). China International Water and Electric Corporation are located in China, whereas Tokyo Electric Power Company is located in Japan. TEPCO serves Tokyo. As of January 15, 2012 the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant has shut down. This is an environmental risk of TEPCO in Japan. They utilize nuclear energy, which is not safe when a plant fails. Currently, TEPCO is offering compensation to those whom were affected by the plant shutting down. Most of Tokyo is currently without power. Tokyo is also affected by drastic and random blackouts that cause a lot of problem for their residents (TEPCO 2011). According to the China International Water and Electric Corporation (CWE) website, they are an exclusively invested subsidiary of the China Three Gorges Corporation. They invest in both electric and water and have been practicing hydropower energy for nearly fifty-four years. They are a state-owned corporation and have been contracting projects on an international basis since the 1980s. Not to mention, the China International Water and Electric Corporation are one of the top 225 International Contractors for the past twenty years (CWE 2011). CWE has accumulated abundant experience in international contracting and engineering, bring...
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...Chapter 4 Concentrating Solar Power Clean energy for the electric Grid Gary Gereffi and Kristen Dubay Jess Robinson and Yuber Romero Contributing CGGC researchers: by Summary Concentrating solar power (CSP), also referred to as concentrating solar thermal power, represents a powerful, clean, endless, and reliable source of energy with the capacity to entirely satisfy the present and future electricity needs of the United States. Concentrating solar power plants produce no carbon dioxide (CO2), thus reducing carbon emissions from electricity generation by approximately 600 pounds per megawatt-hour (BrightSource Energy, 2008).4 The evolution of CO2 emissions regulations, the pressure of international fossil fuel prices, and the experience, knowledge, and technological readiness amassed during several decades of CSP research have launched the technology into a new era of commercial reality. The United States and Spain have integrated CSP into their national electricity supply grids through large-scale commercial plants. Eight of the 13 biggest planned CSP projects in the world will be located in California and Arizona. The Sun Belt region of the United States, particularly the Southwest, is one of the largest areas in the world for CSP exploitation because of its abundant sunshine. In addition to generating a new clean source of energy, expansion of the industry promises to create economic opportunity for many different businesses along multiple stages of the value...
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...Executive Summary Fukushima crisis management showed system failures from the public and private actors that led to overall human error and opened a continuous debate within international community about holding nuclear plants under public hands rather than private ones whose incentives clearly differ from the public interest: * The Government and regulatory agencies failed to push Tepco to heed several anomalies and warnings causing the operator to be unprepared at an operational risk level evidencing an embarrassing incompetency to make decisions. * Tepco, as this report will prove below, lacked a culture of safety failing to respond effectively to subsequent events after the accident. For all these, the need to build an adequate resilience framework within the nuclear industry covering the main pillars: Crisis Management, Disaster Recovery, Business Continuity and Emergency Management, are paramount within risk management. Case’s Background On March 11, 2011, Japan suffered an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 with an epicenter near the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan. Consequently, a massive tsunami hit the eastern coast of Japan reaching Tokyo Electric Power Company’s (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant causing the biggest nuclear accident in the history. Russian experts have declared that could be considered even worse than Chernobyl’s disaster 20 year ago (New Zealand Herald Online, 2 April 2011). The...
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...Hydroelectric is a form of energy that’s used as a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric power plants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of power plants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability...
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...Hydroelectric Energy Hum432 Professor Robinson/Nightwine Laurena Wires History of Hydropower Since the commencement of time, water has been a vital necessity to mankind. As time progressed through the early ages of civilizations, the need to consider water as a basic need has stayed the same. Instead it has developed tremendously. This is due to the continuous growth in population throughout the planet. Since it was first invented, hydro- powered electricity has played a critical role in the improvements made by mankind. This will therefore help us in advancing for many generations to come. Humans have settled in a location with an available source of water, such as a river, a lake and so on. People had to come up with a way of harnessing this valuable natural resource and using it to our benefit. Hence the construction of mills, and dams gained some momentum. For instance, “during the industrial revolution in Britain, in the late 18th century water power played a key role in developing the industrial base of the country”(Dell & Rand, 2004). During the 18th century, the applications of water energy began to spread. According to Dell and Rand (2004), water power entered a new era in 1882 when the world’s first hydro-electric power plant began operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. Producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power, this paved the way into new ideas and projects throughout the United States and later around the world. A hydro-electric power plant...
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...Geothermal Energy: -Geothermal energy is simply power derived from the Earth's internal heat -Contained in the rock and fluids beneath Earth's crust Three Types of Geothermal Power Plants- -Dry Stream- takes stream out of fractures in the ground and uses it directly to drive turbine -Flash Plants- pull deep, high pressure hot water into cooler, low pressure water. the stream that results from this is used to drive turbine. -Binary Plants- the hot water is passed by a second fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This causes the secondary fluid to vaporize which drives the turbine. Uses- -These underground reservoirs of streams and hot water can be tapped to generate electricity or to heat and cool buildings directly -Geothermal water can be used directly for heating homes and offices, or for growing plants in green houses -Some US cities pipe geothermal hot water under roads and sidewalks to melt snow -US is the world's largest producer of geothermal energy Advantages- -extracted without burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas -geothermal fields produce only about 1/6 of the carbon dioxide that a relatively clean natural-gas fueled power plant produces -binary plants release essentially no emissions -available 365 days a year -relatively inexpensive, saves almost 80% compared to how much fossil fuels cost Hydrothermal Energy: How It Works- -Hydrothermal energy is the process of obtaining heat or energy from a large body of...
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...Alternatives Examine the changing importance of three energy alternatives to oil [20 Marks] 1200 words. Correct citations. Oil has been an important resource for humanity for centuries. It is easily accessible and efficient and over time has been extremely versatile in its uses. Today oil is used for fueling cars, cooking food, cosmetics, lubricants, paintings, organic chemistry, etc. For a long time oil has been the primary and main provider of energy, but due to increasing environmental effects, scarcity, and global inflation, it seems as if it will not last much longer. This essay will highlight the growing importance of three alternatives of oil that may rise to prominence in the future: algae biofuel, nuclear energy, and hydroelectric power. The first alternative that will be discussed is algae biofuel. In essence algae biofuels are the same as normal fuels except that the components of the fuel are organic and biological rather than fossil fuel based. Production is caused through a series of chemical reactions and is nontoxic and renewable. Algae sources can be re-replaced through more farming. The standard production method consists of planting lots of algae pods and letting them interact with the sun and bacteria to create oil. (Howstuffworks) Although this method releases a lot of CO2 it is all taken back again through growing more algae. This is of the many advantages of algae biofuel. Firstly its production yield far surpasses that of other variations of organic...
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...Project Selection: A MCDM approach Site Selection for Hydro Power Plant using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Outline: NHPC Limited (Formerly known as National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.), A Govt. of India Enterprise was established with the objective to plan, promote and organize an integrated and efficient development of hydroelectric power in all aspects. Since its inception in 1975, NHPC has grown to become one of the largest organizations in the field of hydropower development in the country. With its present capabilities, NHPC can undertake all activities from concept to commissioning of Hydroelectric Projects. The Case describes an AHP based approach to evaluate the sites among those identified to potentially set up hydroelectric power plants beyond the XI Plan. Introduction NHPC Limited (Formerly known as National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.), A Govt. of India Enterprise, was incorporated in the year 1975 with an authorized capital of Rs. 2000 million and with an objective to plan, promote and organize an integrated and efficient development of hydroelectric power in all aspects. Later on NHPC expanded its objects to include development of power in all its aspects through conventional and non-conventional sources in India and abroad. At present, NHPC is a Mini Ratna Category-I Enterprise of the Govt. of India with an authorized share capital of Rs. 1,50,000 Million. With an investment base of over Rs.3,17,000 Million Approx. , NHPC...
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...ABTRACT This project paper studies the potential of hydroelectric energy as a way to effectively generate, use and store renewable energy through the clean gravitational potential energy of stored water. Nuclear and coal fired plants could do change power output to achieve demand but at extremely high maintenance cost. Nuclear plants also being a good source of continuous energy has a high chance of posing hazard to the environment. Coal and fossil fuel fired power plants on the other hand cannot be depended on because the source will diminish someday. Therefore, alternative methods have to be explored in order to find a renewable and sustainable energy for the future generations. This project paper will study the benefits of hydroelectric energy as a potential and important energy source for a sustainable future. INTRODUCTION 1.0 Hydropower Hydropower is a renewable energy source based on the natural water cycle. Hydropower is the most mature, reliable and cost-effective renewable power generation technology available. Hydropower schemes often have significant flexibility in their design and can be designed to meet base-load demands with relatively high capacity factors, or have higher installed capacities and a lower capacity factor, but meet a much larger share of peak demand. Hydropower is the largest renewable energy source, and it produces around 16 % of the world’s...
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...dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour, while the estimation of coal-generated electricity are between 1.4 and 3.6 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Other Renewable Energy Source In the field of renewable energy, hydro and solar powers are considered parts of important technologies to help the society to reduce relying on fossil fuels. These two technologies, the hydro and solar application has gone a widespread in foreign countries, having quite a large-scale generation of facilities and equipments that provides power...
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...types of energy are wind power, solar power, geothermal power, hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy. In the next paragraphs, I’m going to explain the reasons why the world needs alternative energy and how the energy is harnessed. First type of alternative energy is wind power. Using large blades can capture the winds power. The wind causes the blade to rotate turning into electrical current. Electric generators harness all the energy and distribute it to small towns or larger scale towns. There are some advantages for using wind power. First, it causes no pollution. Meaning there are no harmful by-products. Keeping the world safe. Second, wind power is a renewable source; we will never run out of wind. Third, wind turbines can be placed practically anywhere. All you need is a good source of wind. As with any energy source, there are always some concerns. One concern is that wind is never constant. Some days there is significant amount of wind. Then the next day no wind at all. Another concern is that residents that live next to turbine blades think they are ugly. Second type of alternative energy is solar power. This is created by capturing the sun’s rays into solar cells also known as solar panels. The captured sunlight is charged into electricity. Solar energy is the most common used source. The majorities of the people have solar panels on there home, or planning to purchase some. Buying solar panels can save you money in the end. Solar power has some advantages as an...
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...or depleting. Renewable energy is cost effective, does not cause pollution, nor emit greenhouse gases, which is good for the city environment and far from causing global warming. There are many energy sources available, and after evaluating the pros and cons of each one, as the city planner I have come up with the best choice that can suit our needs, which is wind power, hydroelectric, and nuclear power sources. With a budget of 10 billion dollars, we can build the three new power sources and have money left over. Wind is a clean source of renewable energy, it does not produce any air or water pollution, plus wind is free. The cost of its operations is nearly nothing once a turbine is erected. Mass production and technology are making turbines cheaper, and many governments offer tax incentives to encourage wind development. Hydroelectric is a renewable energy is generated by the force of falling water. It is considered as one of the cleanest sources of energy, reliable and cost effective. Water is needed to make the hydroelectric power unit function. The water is held behind a dam to form a reservoir; the power or the strength of the water released from the reservoir through the dam spins the blades of a turbine. After the water has produced energy, it flows into the rivers and or canals where it gets used for agriculture and drinking water. Nuclear...
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... * Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make. * Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. * Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. * Produces small amounts of waste. * Nuclear power is reliable. | Hydroelectricity 1. Using this type of energy to generate electricity is not dependent upon the price of uranium, oil, or other types of fuel. This makes electricity costs lower and more stable, one of its most significant advantages. 2. The pollution created by hydroelectric energy generation is quite minimal. There is some pollution involved in initially constructing the power stations, but this is true of all power plants. It also does not produce radioactive waste or involve the environmental impact of fuel being transported to it. 3. It doesn't require many employees to run a hydroelectric station. According to wikipedia.org, most plants of this type are largely automated. This is another one of the advantages which help keep the cost of hydroelectricity low. 4. Hydroelectric power stations can be set up in almost any size, depending upon the river or stream used to operate them; big enough to power a single home, factory, small town, or large city. 5. Another of its advantages is that hydroelectric is a renewable form of energy, like wind and solar; it does not rely upon finite resources like natural gas or coal to generate power. 6. Hydroelectric stations can...
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...Since the beginning of time, mankind has been using energy and converting it to different forms. This conversion of energy from one form to another is known as Thermodynamics. Energy conversion takes place in our every day lives. Many conversions of energy are possible, such as chemical to heat, heat to mechanical, hydraulic to electrical or mechanical. Almost all energy can be converted from one form to another (Kehmani, 2010). Examples of energy conversion can be seen in day to day life. For example, in cars, the chemical energy of fuel is converted into the mechanical energy of the vehicle; in motor electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy, in hydro power plants the hydraulic energy of water is converted into electrical energy, in nuclear power plants the nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy etc. With the Green movement we are seeing increased use of solar energy, such as solar water heaters and solar cookers where solar energy is converted to heat energy (Kehmani, 2010). While mankind has learned to harness energy and convert it to useful forms, Thermodynamics is governed by scientific laws. The first law of Thermodynamics is that energy can’t be created or destroyed (Kehmani, 2010). The second law states that heat energy can only be transferred from a body of higher temperature to a body of lower temperature. The third law refers to the law of absolute zero on the Kelvin temperature scale, stating that entropy of the body at absolute...
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...Chapter 8: Renewable Energy Sources The Sustainability Revolution John C. Ayers "In a sense, the fossil fuels are a one-time gift that lifted us up from subsistence agriculture and should eventually lead us to a future based on renewable resources." Kenneth Deffeyes (2001) "I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that." — Thomas Edison, 1931 We cannot create or destroy energy. We can only capture it. The sun provides either directly or indirectly nearly all of the energy available to us. Plants capture solar energy directly through photosynthesis. Fossil fuels contain the energy of sunlight captured hundreds of millions of years ago. Photovoltaic (PV) cells also capture sunlight energy directly. Other energy sources capture the energy of sunlight indirectly. Heat from the sun powers the flowing air and water. We usually capture the kinetic energy of wind and water by using turbines that transfer the energy to an alternator, an electrical generator that produces alternating current. Geothermal energy is different in that it captures flowing heat energy produced by radioactive decay in the earth’s interior. In this chapter we will see that Wind, Water, and Sun (WWS) energy sources are sustainable because they are renewable, clean, safe, and nearly carbon-free. Although they have low energy densities, meaning that they require large areas of land or water to produce energy...
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