...Running head: BIPOLAR I & II 1 Bipolar I & II Research Paper (Main Focus on Bipolar II) Perry Blankenship Liberty University BIPOLAR I & II 2 Abstract This paper will cover the diagnoses and treatment of Bipolar II. This paper will show that Bipolar II is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This paper will also discuss the use of medication as part of the treatment process for this disorder. This paper will research some of the similar and conflicting attributes of Bipolar I and II. This paper will also show that Bipolar II is a disorder that can be maintained but is never fully cured. This paper will also consider the Christian world view concerning Bipolar Disorder. BIPOLAR I & II 3 According to Maddux and Winstead (2008), Bipolar II is defined as “One or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.” Bipolar II patients are not as disabled, and they do not present the same psychotic features as Bipolar I patients with manic episodes. When researching information about Bipolar II Disorder a researcher will need to look under...
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...Bipolar Disorder Everybody have some kind of mood swing in their life. Moods may be happy or sad; energized or sluggish; embodying various combinations of emotional states. A mood might consist of feelings as well as the thoughts and judgments that give feelings their meaning. An anxious mood may shift into an excited mood with a simple change of perspective, and a depressed mood may shift into a happier one upon hearing pleasing news. Moods are typically transient things that shift from moment to moment or day to day, but they can be prolonged states as well which color the whole psychic life for long periods of time. Bipolar disorder is an disorder that affects people mood swings and their everyday lives. There are many people that are dealing with this disorder. Bipolar has its ups and down that comes with the disorder. Bipolar disorder can be traced back to a family member and can be hereditary. There are many ways to manage the disorder and get information about the disorder. A person can lean the cause of the disorder, diagnosis, sign and symptoms, treatments, and medications. Bipolar disorder is known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder that cause usual shifts in the mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day- to- day tasks. The symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. The bipolar disorder cycle can last for days, weeks, or months. Bipolar disorder symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor job performance and...
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...Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Janelle Gunnels Psy/340 April 25, 2013 Ioannis Papazafiropoulos Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Team B presented a presentation explaining the genetics, brain structure, and behavior of individuals suffering Bipolar illness. This paper will evaluate their presentation and explain bipolar illness, explain the neurological damage or changes to the brain as a result of the illness, and also an explanation of the behavioral or functional changes that can occur as a result of the illness. I will touch bases on the following: • A description of the suspected or known causes of the illness • A discussion of current treatments or therapies and future research for the prevention or cure of the illness • The role of genetics on the onset of the illness • The visual appeal of the presentation • The overall organization of the information presented What is Bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness which is also commonly known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder which causes abnormal changes in mood, energy and activity. This disorder interferes with one’s ability to handle everyday task. The symptoms and effects are extreme as this is considered a long term illness. Bipolar Disorder normally appears in an individual...
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...A Reflective Paper On Bipolar Disorder Bipolar is a condition known as manic-depressive disorder, which referred to as bipolar or manic depression, a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more abnormal episodes. An estimated 15-20% of patients who suffer from bipolar disorder and who do not receive medical attention commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is a very dangerous illness that is often over looked. Although many people may assume that bipolar disorder is just a person's personality fluctuating between highs and lows, there is much more to this disease. Bipolar disorder is a complex physiological and psychological disorder that can influence and manipulate a person's thoughts and actions in their daily life. Bipolar elevated moods are symptoms of mania or milder hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes have both mania and depression present at the same time. These episodes are usually separated by periods of "normal "mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Feldman, R.S 2009. In addition, extreme manic episodes can sometimes lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Depression phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger isolation, or hopelessness; disturbances in sleep and loss of appetite and interest in usually enjoyable activities; problems concentrating; loneliness...
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...as sexual indiscretions, buying sprees, and risky business ventures. The individual usually regrets these situations once the mania is over. Not everyone necessarily experiences these extreme episodes, as others may suffer less extreme examples of mood elevations, known as hypomanic episodes. They are often categorized as heightened creativity, productivity, and can be extremely pleasurable and rewarding. People experiencing these symptoms are known as to have a Bipolar II diagnosis, whereas people with extreme depression and manic episodes, as mentioned before, are known to have a Bipolar I diagnosis. There is a third category, however, which is known as cyclothymia. The individual with this type of bipolar disorder experiences hypomania and mild depression (Gazzaniga & Heatherton, 2005). Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. In addition, whereas depression is more common in women, the prevalence of bipolar disorder is equal...
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...idea that a professional in the psychiatric field would only see one or two cases of a child with bipolar disorder in a lifetime because of the rarity (Woziak & Biederman, 1995). Woziak, along with the famous Harvard child psychiatrist Dr. Joseph Biederman, felt that there were a number of children whose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems seemed to stem beyond the normal anger characteristics of ADHD (Woziak & Biederman, 1995). Woziak and Biederman (1995) completed research to reflect a much more violent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with children showing signs of heightened uncontrollable temper tantrums, violent hitting, screaming and kicking beyond the normal irritability. These signs included children not being able to regulate impulses (Woziak & Biederman, 1995). Wozniak and Biederman (1995) explained the differences between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adolescent bipolar disorder, and temper dysregulation disorder; their research later redefined the definition of adolescent bipolar disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) (Woziak &...
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...The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Kristin D Simpson-Oloso Psyc3002 Section 05 Cause of Depression Paper Capella University May 2016 Abstract Depression comes in many different forms such as major depression, dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. Along with the many different forms, there are also many symptoms, which include feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, loss of interest in daily activities, sleep changes, anger, and irritability, loss of energy, self-loathing, and reckless behavior. Although the exact cause of depression has eluded doctors, psychiatrists, nurses, and researchers since its inception, one of the key roles affecting depression is an individual’s environment. The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Environmental causes of depression are concerned with factors that are outside of us. They are not directly related to brain function, inherited traits from parents, medical illnesses, or anything else that may take place within us. Instead, environmental events are those things that happen in the course of our everyday lives that we can’t control. Age, community, society, and a person’s neighborhood do play apart in environmental depression. But, the three arguments’ that I will discuss are prolonged stress, childhood difficulties, or traumatic events. Stress and Depression Depression is a problem that is affecting 9% of U.S. Citizens...
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...Adolescent depression is a real and growing problem in our society. Numbers of depression diagnosed in adolescents are on the rise. Is this because of more depressed teenagers, or is there an explanation for this. Are there underlying problems or causes for the high depression numbers? Is there something that we can do to help these teenagers. What are the symptoms and diagnoses. Factors contributing to this problem are all things that will be discussed in this paper. Definition Major depression disorder Definition: A mood disorder characterized by a depressed mood, a lack of interest in activities normally enjoyed, changes in weight and sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, difficulty concentrating and thoughts of death and suicide. If a person has experienced the majority of these symptoms for longer than a two-week period they may be diagnosed as having had a major depressive episode. If a person has had one or more major depressive episodes, has no history of mania, mixed episodes or hypomania and the symptoms are not due to another disorder, they may be diagnosed as having major depressive disorder.( Schimelpfenin,2013) Major depression episode Definition: A major depressive episode is when a person experiences 5 or more symptoms during most parts of the day for a two week period. The main symptoms are depressed mood (must be present), loss of interest in activities (must be present), significant weight change, change in sleeping habits (insomnia...
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...Ch08.qxd 10/28/04 2:54 PM Page 181 Psychological measurements: their uses and misuses 8 ‘Measure all that can be measured and render measurable all that defies measurement.’ Galileo Galilei ‘Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.’ Albert Einstein The words ‘test’ and ‘measurement’, as used in psychology, are misleading because of the implied similarity to scientific measurements and medical tests. Conventional psychological testing is quite different from scientific measurements in natural sciences. What is accomplished by the application of psychological measurement is an estimation of a psychological construct. Psychological tests and measurements of personality, intelligence, attitude and motivation are fundamentally different from quantitative measurements in physical sciences such as height, weight and blood urea. Paul Kline, one of the foremost exponents of psychometric theory clarifies the issue as follows: ‘There are no units of [psychological] measurement and no true zeros. Whatever psychological measurement is, it is not scientific measurement as defined in natural sciences ... If we consider what is meant by intelligence or extraversion, just for example, it is by no means clear what units of measurement might be used or what the true zero may mean. This problem applies to the majority of psychological concepts and variables’ (Kline, 2000). Besides, it is often mistakenly believed...
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...MINDANAO SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING A CASE PRESENTATION OF BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER In Partial Fulfillment of the Course NCM 105 Related Learning Experiences January 2013 Table of Contents The Authors Acknowledgement Dedication Objectives of the Study Introduction CHAPTER I -Assessment Psychiatric Nursing History Anamnesis Genogram Mini Mental Status Examination Mental Status Exam Physical Assessment Diagnostic Studies Nurse’s Progress Notes CHAPTER II – Diagnosis and Analysis Psychodynamics Psychodynamics Concept map Life Chart Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder CHAPTER III – Planning and Implementation Nursing Care Plans Psychotherapist Nurse’s Process Recording or NPI CHAPTER IV – Psychopharmacology CHAPTER V – Discharge Plan CHAPTER VI – Evaluation, Prognosis and Recommendation GLOSSARY REFERENCES THE AUTHORS BSN 3B – Group 1 Bandiola, Maricar Mae Bolo, Princess Venimarie Cristobal, Rosnel Dag-uman, Leslie Ann Fuentes, Rajiv Jun Maglasang, Crizza Mariz Montefalcon, Jessel Nasala, Queency Pranza, Mae Kenneth Quinalayo, Paul Vincent Valiente, Katherine ACKNOWLEDGEMENT People would always say, “Two heads are better than one”. How much more if there are more heads than two? A project like this would definitely never be accomplished without the collaboration of many people. First and foremost, we would like to thank our heavenly father for giving us the knowledge...
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...appears to be a growing concern, especially in Asia, for what has been labeled “Internet addiction.” In particular, certain Asian countries report it as a serious public health issue. Liu Guiming, deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Society of Juvenile Delinquency Research, has been quoted as saying "the growing number of youth infatuated with unhealthy Web sites and campus violence has become an urgent social problem.” A leading Beijing judge, Shan Xiuyun, also declared that 90 per cent of juvenile crime in the city was Internet-related” (Sebag-Montefiore, 2005).As a result of these concerns, governments in South Korea, Japan and China have set up boot camps, which provide therapy to deal with Internet addiction (Ransom, 2007). China has also issued a ban on new Internet cafes to clamp down on Internet addiction (Watts, 2007). Yet, there are those who doubt whether this outcry is justified or even valid. An article in the American Psychological Association newsletter suggests that there is little empirical evidence to support the existence of Internet addiction and much of the research in this area utilizes self-selecting samples with no control groups (De Angelis, 2000). In light of this controversy, his paper seeks to examine Internet addiction in Asia. Specifically, it reviews the academic and empirical literature to address the following questions: * What empirical evidence is there in...
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...An analysis of research and literature on CREATIVITY IN EDUCATION Report prepared for the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority by Anna Craft March 2001 2 Contents Page Numbers 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Aims and purposes 1.2 Approach taken and areas covered 4 2.0 A summary of the research and literature on creativity 2.1 Historical overview 2.2 The early part of the twentieth century 2.3 More recent directions in creativity research 2.4 Lines of study stemming from the 1950s 2.4.1 Personality 2.4.2 Cognition 2.4.3 Ways to stimulate creativity 2.4.4 Creativity and social systems 2.5 Background to creativity in education 2.6 Broader claims for creativity in the curriculum 5-12 3.0 What do we mean by creativity? 3.1 Definitions or descriptions of creativity 3.2 High creativity 3.3 Ordinary, or ‘democratic’ creativity 13-15 4.0 The development of creativity in education 4.1 Research into the development of creativity in education 4.1.1 Comprehensive approaches 4.1.2 Educational approaches 4.1.3 Psychodynamic approaches 4.1.4 Humanistic approaches 4.1.5 Behaviourist approaches 4.2 Teaching approaches to developing creativity 4.2.1 ‘Creative cycle’ approaches 4.2.2 Single-strategy approaches 4.2.3 Multi-strategy approaches 4.2.4 System approaches 4.2.5 Overall pedagogic criteria approaches 16-22 3 5.0 Assessment and creativity 5.1 Recording and assessing creativity 23-24 6.0 Conclusions and key findings 6.1 High and democratic creativity ...
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...Int J Ment Health Addict (2006) 4: 31–51 DOI 10.1007/s11469-006-9009-9 ‘Internet Addiction’: A Critical Review Laura Widyanto & Mark Griffiths Received: 23 June 2005 / Revised: 26 July 2005 Accepted: 22 September 2005 / Published online: 1 March 2006 # Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006 Abstract It has been alleged by some academics that excessive Internet use can be pathological and addictive. This paper reviews what is known from the empirical literature on FInternet addiction_ and its derivatives (e.g., Internet Addiction Disorder, Pathological Internet Use, etc.) and assesses to what extent it exists. Empirical research into FInternet addiction_ can roughly be divided into five areas: (1) survey studies that compare excessive Internet users with non-excessive users, (2) survey studies that have examined vulnerable groups of excessive Internet use, most notably students, (3) studies that examine the psychometric properties of excessive Internet use, (4) case studies of excessive Internet users and treatment case studies, and (5) correlational studies examining the relationship of excessive Internet use with other behaviours (e.g., psychiatric problems, depression, self-esteem, etc.). Each of these areas is reviewed. It is concluded that if FInternet addiction_ does indeed exist, it affects a relatively small percentage of the online population. However, exactly what it is on the Internet that they are addicted to still remains unclear. Keywords Addiction ...
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...Homeless Youth: Research, Intervention, and Policy by Karen Spuriel Coleman- MBA Abstract Homelessness among youth in the U.S. is disturbingly common, with an estimated annual prevalence of at least 5 percent for those ages 12 to 17. Although homeless youth appear throughout the nation, they are most visible in major cities. Rigorous research on this special population is sparse, making it difficult to capture an accurate and complete picture. Despite its limitations, recent research describes homeless youth as a large and diverse group. Many homeless youth have multiple overlapping problems including medical, substance abuse, and emotional and mental problems. Literature suggests that comprehensive and tailored services are needed that address both the immediate and long-term needs of homeless youth. Where appropriate, services should include assistance with meeting basic needs as perceived by youth as a gateway to other needed services. In addition to serving those already homeless, interventions are needed to prevent homelessness among at-risk youth. Lessons for Practitioners, Policy Makers, and Researchers • As used here, the term “homeless youth” focuses on minors who have experienced literal homelessness on their own—i.e., who have spent at least one night either in a shelter or "on the streets" without adult supervision. On occasion, where warranted by the research being discussed, the term is also used to describe homeless young adults up to age 24. • Homelessness...
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...Study Guide Essentials of Psychology By Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. About the Author Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. has more than 20 years of teaching and education-related experience. He has taught seventh-grade science, worked as a curriculum developer for the Upward Bound Program, and taught sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and honors seminars at the university level. As a professional writer, he has written nonfiction books, journal and magazine articles, novels, and stage plays. Contents Contents INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS LESSON ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 1: PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND LESSON 2: THE MIND AT WORK LESSON 3: MOTIVATION, EMOTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PERSONALITY RESEARCH PROJECT LESSON 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS LESSON 5: PSYCHOLOGY FOR TWO OR MORE CASE STUDIES SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 1 7 9 43 75 117 127 147 167 171 iii YOUR COURSE Instructions Instructions Welcome to your course, Essentials of Psychology. You’re entering a course of study designed to help you better understand yourself and others. For that reason, you can think of this course as practical. It should be of use to you in living your life and reaching the goals you set for yourself. You’ll use two main resources for your course work: this study guide and your textbook, Psychology and Your Life, by Robert S. Feldman. OBJECTIVES When you complete this course, you’ll be able to ■ Describe the science and methodologies of psychology in the context of its...
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