...| | | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis | INT1 Natural Science Task 3 | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis ------------------------------------------------- Objective The objective of this experiment is to test the melting point of ice against different variables. I will use a control of ice against air and test this next to ice in water, sugar on ice, salt on ice and Baking Soda on ice. By measuring the melting time of each element on an ice cube I will be able to tell which element affects ice’s melting properties at what rate. Everyday we use chemical mixtures to melt ice that affects our roadways. A lot of these chemical mixtures are harmful to our waterways, and can pollute the environment. I believe its important to look for alternatives that can both help our roads from freezing in the winter while being kind to the environment. Industry Literature Review There are many different chemicals used in commercial ice melters that are made for our roads. Commercial companies tend to test for what elements melt ice the fastest, thus, producing a “best working” product. It is the pressure from consumers that encourages companies to test for possible harmful effects on the environment by these products, and what is most environmentally friendly. Ossain Inc. serves customers word wide with products designed around different needs for the type of ice melter needed. Their opinion on the ice melting industry is that the majority of ice melting companies...
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...winter months, we were in for a big change. We moved to Anchorage Alaska in January, right in the middle of the winter. I had never seen so much snow in my life. Because of so much snow accumulation, businesses would constantly have to use giant snowplows to remove all of the snow from the parking lots. After the plows had scraped all the snow off the top of the surface, it was not out of the ordinary for there to be a solid sheet of ice covering the parking lots. Being a new resident of the state, I underestimated at how much ice would actually be throughout the parking lot. When the parking lots were full of ice I always thought that it was the most fun thing in the world to slide across the ice on my feet. I found this fun and all, until one day it took a turn for the worst. We were at the local Wal-Mart and we had just got dumped on with four feet of snow. The snowplows were right in the middle of clearing out the parking lot so they were leaving paths of solid ice, perfect for sliding on. My mom never fancied me sliding across the ice. She would always say...
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...and how people are treating our planet. One of the facts that really caught my attention was that the water cycle is never broken – there is always the same amount of water on Earth. I never really thought about it that way, but as soon as I heard the narrator say that, I thought about all the cycles in life that happen every single day. The narrator then goes to mention that every species on Earth has a role to play. This also caught my attention Overall I found the film to be very factual as well. I thought about the facts of how our Earth is going downhill over time and it really makes me want to do something about it. I learned that global warming is really taking a large toll on our precious Earth. One example of this is the arctic ice cap is melting. It has lost 40% of its mass in the last 30 years. Another example of how the Earth is at risk is how by 2050, a quarter of the Earth’s species are going to be threatened with extinction. This frightens me and really makes me wonder what we as humans are doing wrong to affect our Earth this way. It frightens me that 70% of the Earth’s population lives in poverty. It frightens me that since 1950, the Earth’s population has nearly tripled. What are we going to do when those who lack basic necessities run out? Are those who live in poverty going to die off? When is this destruction of our Home going to...
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...How and why do Glaciers move? Glaciers are large masses of ice that are continuously changing and may be perceived as an open system with inputs and outputs. They take up 10% of the world’s total land area and are usually found in Polar Regions like Antarctica and Greenland and places where there are high altitudes and low latitudes. Fresh falling snow is made up of tiny ice crystals and after it lands it changes into solid ice. Newly fallen snow is light and porous, but as the snow becomes buried by more snow, the snowflakes change into granular ice called firn. As time passes the firn gets buried further causing the weight above it to compress it into solid ice. The force of gravity and the pressure of the ice cause the glacier to move downhill. The ice mass will stay stationary until it reaches a certain amount of thickness and when the ice reaches this amount of thickness, the pressure becomes great enough to cause the glacier to deform and move. The ice will move away from where there is the most pressure (thickest part of the glacier). Glaciers can retreat or advance depending on the amount of snow accumulation and ablation that occurs from year to year. If accumulation exceeds ablation, then the mass of the glacier will increase which causes the glacier to advance. If the snout moves to an area of lower latitude ablation will increase and eventually equilibrium will be re-established. Retreating and advancing of glaciers are very slow processes and takes hundreds...
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...Introduction Ice cream's origins are known to reach back as far as the second century B.C., although no specific date of origin or inventor has been undisputedly credited with its discovery. We know that Alexander the Great enjoyed snow and ice flavoured with honey and nectar. Biblical references also show that King Solomon was fond of iced drinks during harvesting. During the Roman Empire, Nero Claudius Caesar (A.D. 54-86) frequently sent runners into the mountains for snow, which was then flavoured with fruits and juices. Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. Most are low in fat and calories but are bulky and filling. They supply dietary fibre and are important sources of essential vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Particularly important are the antioxidant vitamins A, C and E. When vegetables are included in the diet, there is found to be a reduction in the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease and other chronic ailments. Vegetable and Ice cream are now combined and offered by Sherbet Snow Company a newly established Ice cream brand that will satisfy the taste and preferences of every individual. Sherbet Snow Company will offer customers in Tacurong City and nearest town a variety of vegetable flavoured ice creams, frozen yogurt, and drinks. It is an ice cream store designed to stand out as a healthy lifestyle brand with homemade ice cream using vitamins and minerals sourced ingredients, as well as establishing itself as a comfortable environment...
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...Sample Narrative Essay: Group Ice Bucket Challenge Thesis: event + meaning Part 1: Receive challenge; learn more about ALS; buy supplies – Allison, Breanne, and I were eating lunch in the cafeteria when Simon walked up with his phone. Hey!” Simon said, pulling out his smart phone. It was obvious he wanted to show us something. We said hi back, waiting for him to pull up what he wanted us to see. “You’ve been challenged on Facebook! Are you going to do it?” Breanne looked puzzled. “Do what?” she asked. “The ice bucket challenge!” Simon replied. People sitting at tables surrounding us all looked up and at us. One shouted, “Do it!” Allison said, “Well, we’ve been challenged, so we might as well.” She and I shrugged. Simon raised his arms in victory and walked away. Part 2: Drive home; conversation – We all struggled to pay attention during class that day. All we could think about was the ice bucket challenge. How cold would the water be? Would it hurt? Who would record us taking the challenge? Whom would we nominate to take the challenge after us? We talked about all this after school, driving in Breanne’s car to Allison’s house, a cozy ranch house off Keebler Street. Along the way, Breanne surprised us by suddenly swerving into the parking lot of our local Food Lion. Allison said, “Why are we st…” but trailed off, figuring out mid-question that Breanne was buying the ice we needed. We only bought ice. “Ice bucket challenge?” the cashier said, ringing us up. We all nodded. “We...
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...1 2 3 4 A White Christmas requires at least 2 cm on the ground on Dec 25. Snow cover maps are produced from data obtained by satellites. 5 Snow is unstable shortly after a heavy snowfall because the crystals need time to bond to the snowpack. 6 7 8 Hoar is another term for ice crystals. The lee slope is the downwind slope (ice crystals are prone to accumulate there since they are easily carried by the wind). 9 10 11 The extra weight from snowstorms triggers the avalanche. Skiing and snowboarding are human-caused examples of avalanche triggers. If a snowpack is determined to be very deep and at risk for failing, explosives may be triggered to force the snow down. 12 13 14 Orientation: The direction that a slope faces (i.e. west, east, north, south). “Smoothness” refers to a lack of boulders, obstacles, etc. 15 16 Deaths occurred during that time due to the presence of workers building the continental railway. A closed highway in western Canada can have a huge economic impact. (There are only 4 highways connecting British Columbia and Alberta). 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 The mounds (in the foreground slow down the avalanche) and the berm collects the snow preventing it from reaching the populated area. 25 The image shows an avalanche shed in British Columbia allowing snow to travel over a highway. 26 27 28 29 30 Avalanche cords...
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...Physicist alike are still trying to overcome. Which planet would we want to live on? We chose a moon proven to have liquid water under its surface, Enceladus. With other living options out there like Mars, or Titan (one of Saturn’s larger moons) we chose in our opinion one of the least taxing and more accommodating locations. Where and Why Enceladus? Enceladus is a one of the Saturn’s moons. Enceladus measures about 500 km (310 miles) in diameter. It has an orbit cycle of 33hrs around Saturn .It is the brightest of Saturn’s moons and currently the only known moon in our solar system to have a surface comprised of pure water ice. It also has many active regions that shoot plumes of water ice from its surface high above toward Saturn. This is important to note because this creates friction and friction creates heat. The average surface temperature near these ice plumes is about -135 °F which is far warmer than you would expect considering Saturn’s distance from our sun. Enceladus provides us with one of the most important things human’s need to survive. Water. With Enceladus’ surface being solid, and liquid water present beneath the surface it wouldn’t be difficult to...
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...The Main Peculiarities of a Snowfall. A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation.The formation of snow begins with these ice crystals in the subfreezing strata of the middle and upper atmosphere when there is an adequate supply of moisture present. At the core of every ice crystal is a minuscule nucleus, a solid particle of matter around which moisture condenses and freezes. Liquid water droplets floating in the supercooled atmosphere and free ice crystals cannot coexist within the same cloud, since the vapor pressure of ice is less than that of water. This enables the ice crystals to rob the liquid droplets of their moisture and grow continuously. The process can be very rapid, quickly creating sizable ice crystals, some of which adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice crystals or a snowflake. Simple flakes possess a variety of beautiful forms, usually hexagonal, though the symmetrical shapes reproduced in most microscope photography of snowflakes are not usually found in actual snowfalls. Typically, snowflakes in actual snowfall consists of broken fragments and clusters of adhering ice crystals. For a snowfall to continue once it starts, there must be a constant inflow of moisture to supply the nuclei. This moisture is supplied by the passage of an airstream over a water surface and its subsequent lifting to higher regions of the atmosphere. The Pacific Ocean is the source of moisture...
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...The Main Peculiarities of a Snowfall. A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation.The formation of snow begins with these ice crystals in the subfreezing strata of the middle and upper atmosphere when there is an adequate supply of moisture present. At the core of every ice crystal is a minuscule nucleus, a solid particle of matter around which moisture condenses and freezes. Liquid water droplets floating in the supercooled atmosphere and free ice crystals cannot coexist within the same cloud, since the vapor pressure of ice is less than that of water. This enables the ice crystals to rob the liquid droplets of their moisture and grow continuously. The process can be very rapid, quickly creating sizable ice crystals, some of which adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice crystals or a snowflake. Simple flakes possess a variety of beautiful forms, usually hexagonal, though the symmetrical shapes reproduced in most microscope photography of snowflakes are not usually found in actual snowfalls. Typically, snowflakes in actual snowfall consists of broken fragments and clusters of adhering ice crystals. For a snowfall to continue once it starts, there must be a constant inflow of moisture to supply the nuclei. This moisture is supplied by the passage of an airstream over a water surface and its subsequent lifting to higher regions of the atmosphere. The Pacific Ocean is the source of moisture...
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...Water possesses different characteristics when in different forms. In A Separate Peace by John Knowles, a water motif shows the differences between ugliness and beauty. Knowles uses saltwater, freshwater, ice, and snow to represent different characteristics, when water is in different states. Knowles uses saltwater and freshwater to show the differences between beauty and ugliness within his characters. After Finny’s accident, he is told that he will never play sports again. Gene decides that he will not either, so he signs up to be the assistant crew manager. On the first day Gene and Quackenbush get into a fight and “catapul[t] into the water” (Knowles 79). Later, Gene showers “to wash off the sticky salt of the Naguamsett” (86). Falling...
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...I awoke, my feet cold under the sheets. My room was strangely quiet as I slipped out of bed and looked out the window. I saw the world covered in a sea of white snow. I hurried to get dressed and started for the back door. Hesitantly, I walked out of my warm cozy comfort zone towards a freezing cold, snow blurry. I stopped at the door, silently watching the snow fall. The tiny ice crystals drifted peacefully down from the sky, layering all the standing structures. The door creaked open after I nudged it with a lot of strength and effort, and I prudently stepped onto the back porch so that I don’t slip and fall, now I had a full view of my backyard, a wintry paradise enclosed in snow. As I walked down the steps and headed for the sidewalk, the squeaking of the wooden steps combined with the crunch of the snow under my feet felt like two instruments from the orchestra, performing in sweet silence all around me. The white, cottony powder covered the branches of the trees. As I walked down the sidewalk, I saw my car parked under a thick layer of snow .My mischievous dogs ran to meet me, leaving trails of paw prints in the snow. I continued to the driveway and scraped some snow off of the car window, and looked inside. The powder chilled my hand, so I put my hand inside my pocket to warm it, the snow began to fall harder. I wandered around the car, and crunched the snow beneath my feet. I hear birds chirping, and stride to the bird feeder, where several small birds hopped around on...
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...Rebuttal Article: “Hidden Messages in Water” Shayne B. Kendig BCOM/275 May 21, 2012 Abstract This rebuttal article is about how external environment affects the molecular structure of water (shown as crystal formation) – the controversial experiment was conducted by Dr. Masaru Emoto. He published these results as photograph collections: “Messages from Water 1” (1999), “Messages from Water 2” (2002), “Messages from Water 3” (2004), and “Messages from Water 4” (2008).(Retrieved from http://masaru-emoto.net/english/ephoto.html). Rebuttal Article: “Hidden Messages in Water” Dr. Masaru Emoto is very well-known of his experimentation about water crystal formation. He claims that external environment and human consciousness affect the molecular structure of water as shown in crystal formation. According to him, “We start out life being 99% water, as fetuses. When we are born, we are 90% water, and by the time we reach adulthood we are down to 70%. If we die of old age, we will probably be about 50% water. In other words, throughout our lives we exist mostly as water. From a physical perspective, humans are water. When I realized this and started to look at the world from this perspective, I began to see things in a whole new way.” (Emoto 2004) ...
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...relations between different phenomena.[2] The main aim of the scientific prose style is to present precise information and to establish a clear and logical progression of ideas. The genre of the text can be defined as popular scientific prose and it exists in written form. The common features of the scientific style are: 1. The use of objective, precise, and mostly unemotional language means: e.g.: «A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals…”; “The Pacific Ocean is the source of moisture for most snowfalls west of the Rocky Mountains…» 2. The impersonality is reflected in the choice of grammar and syntactic constructions: e.g.: «The formation of snow begins with these ice crystals in the subfreezing strata of the middle and upper atmosphere when there is an adequate supply of moisture present. » 3. The use of the logical sequence of utterances: e.g.: “A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals…The formation of snow begin with these ice crystals…At the core of every ice crystal…” 4. The use of the accepted sentence-patterns: postulatory, argumentative, and formulative e.g.: «Other geographical features also can be the source of moisture for some snowstorms. For example, areas...
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...What types of measurements indicate that climate change is occurring? We can definitely measure the climate changes when change occurs in the temperature. This winter has been horrific and seeing the temperature drop drastically is definitely a sign of the climate change. More snow and precipitation is seen. Water levels rise. I live right near a river and the ice buildup caused flooding in the nearby neighborhoods where some residents needed to evacuate. In the spring, pollen counts rise which can indicate climate change. Droughts can occur which is an obvious climate change. How were these measurements collected? Technology has definitely progressed and collecting measurements in climate change is easier to record. Above just observation, satellites can collect data along with instruments like weather balloons. Comparing old data records can help us see the changes over time by comparing and analyzing data. What are some of the challenges associated with collecting data over large periods of time (i.e., hundreds of years)? Since technology wasn't as advanced as it is now, data collected over the years may not be as detailed and we can get now. Theories have been created and it’s not possible to go back in time to reevaluate what was written for that time. Scientists were limited in what they could test as compared to today’s abilities. How has technology enhanced our ability to collect the data necessary to understand climate change? Since the equipment...
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