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雅思精品班写作讲义

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2009-9-24
Task 1 (A)
• Openings
1. The graph(s) and chart(s) and table(s) , based on …( 调 查 研 究 ), illustrate/display/unfolds a clear picture of …(主要内容) in …(地方/方面) between … and …(时间)
2. As is reflected/revealed/shown/illustrated in the graphs, the number/percentages surged/subsided/fluctuated/differed of …surged/subsided/fluctuated/differed dramatically/gently + 时间
Eg.
1. This bar chart displays the number of men and women enrolled in future education in
Britain during three periods.
2. It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the professions in Malaysia were almost totally dominated by men.
3. As is revealed in the diagram, the number of hours per week spent on unpaid work is unequally distributed between men and women.
4. A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries, Canada,
Japan, Peru and Netherlands, in 2001 reflects the great differences that exist between wealthier and poorer nations.
时间的描述
Patterns
In + 月份/年/年代
For/during + 时间段
Over the period … to …

From…to…/between…and…
At the end of the year/century
Until…
Before/after/around/about






Examples
In 1980s
In the period between … and …
During the first/second half of the year
During the remainder of the year
Over a ten year period/ over a decade
Throughout the 19th century
From 1980 onwards till…

Endings
Endings
From the diagram it can be safely concluded that_________.
As a whole/In general/To sum up/In conclusion/In summary/In a nutshell, the data suggest that_______.
What is worth mentioning is that____/noun.

Example:
� From the diagram it can be safely concluded that in the years 1978~1987 Florida developed much more rapidly than the United States as a whole.
� In general, the data suggest that the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to lead to an increased role for men in the home.
� What is worth mentioning is that nuclear power didn’t make its debut until 1998.
1
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• Body
1. In general/overall, the number of working females rose stably over this five-year period and, in particular, there was a significance increase between 1999 and 2000.
2. Canadian consumer ’ s expenditure fluctuated within a range of approximately 300,
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

19.

20.

reaching a peak at 428 in 1980 and bottoming out at 125 in 1950.
There was a dramatic decrease in the number of marriages in Scotland in the decade between 1960 and 1970.
The number of marriages in Scotland witnessed a dramatic decrease in the decade between 1960 and 1970.
The decade between 1960 and 1970 saw a dramatic decrease in the number of marriages in Scotland.
The period between 1970 and 1985 witnessed a gentle decline within a range of approximately 100 couples.
The number of married people in Scotland surged and subsided evenly between 1970 and 1995, averaging out at nearly 2,700.
The number of married people in Scotland fell sharply between 1960 and 1970 and continued to decline to the lowest point of 2,500 until around 1985, though at a slower rate. There was a gradual increase in the number of marriage which leveled off at approximately 2,700 in 1995.
The older age groups watch around 2 more hours’ weekday television than the younger groups.
The older age groups watch around twice as much weekday television as the younger groups. The viewing hours for older age groups outnumber/exceed/overtake/almost double those of the younger groups.
Hamburgers are the most popular food of all because they account for the largest proportion of the pie chart.
Pizza is the second most popular, and this makes up 26 percent of the total survey.
The least popular fast food is sushi as only 3 percent of teenagers prefer this kind of food. Hamburgers dominate the total fast food expenditure of teenagers, at 33%.
The spending on pizza ranked second, followed closely by that on French Fries and fried chicken, which accounted for 26%, 22% and 9% respectively.
The remaining expenditure was channeled to tacos and sushi, with a total amount of
10%.
While the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost
5% again at the present time.
From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture. A surged dramatically throughout the century, reaching a peak at … in 1990 and bottoming out at … in 1998. This is the similar case with the trend of total.

21. Although A started higher than B, it lost that lead when both dipped in the middle of the
2
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period.
22. In spite of performing better than A, B lost this advantage at the end of the decade.
23. Both A and B dipped…, with A dropping to lower level than B.
24. A fell from early high point to equal B, and both then remained level at the end of the period. 25. While A gradually fell back, with a slight recovery in 1998, B generally maintained a higher level than A.
26. Although there was little movement in A as a whole, B followed an upward trend, peaking at the end of the year.

Funk word Medium word Favorabl e word

INCREASE increase Rise
Grow
Climb
Soar
mount escalate boost
Swell
surge rocket accrue
Leap

DECREASE
STABILIZATION
decrease stay— stable/steady/
Fall
constant/the drop same decline slump stabilize remain plane lessen stay unvarying
Ebb
keep balanced curtail even out shrink subside reach a plateau plumme t level off/out abate Dip
FLUCTUATION
Phrase
Illustration

It fluctuated
1. from…to…/during…and…
2. within a (large/small) range of…
3. …, reaching a peak at (statistics) in
(year) and bottoming out at (statistics) in (year)
4. 2+3

用于任意两个无特征性数字
用于两个差值为十、百、千的整数
第一种方法的复杂版,
通过表示伴随状
况的从句揭示最高最低点
此句为小作文的必备句,
每次都会用到

1950
1980
Canadian Consumer’s Expenditure
3
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Extent
Words
程度大 , considerably
斜 率 大 dramatically
于1
sharply=steeply

Illustration

Sample sentence

tremendously rapidly substantially

程度小,
斜率小
于1

Slightly gently slowly steadily subtly

It rises gently=There is a gentle increase in the number of …

三根或以上曲线中程度最小
程度中
等,
接近
于1

moderately in moderation medium(adj.) 比较地

comparatively relatively 平滑地

gradually regularly continuously progressively smoothly

大约地

Some around roughly nearly approximately

分别地

correspondingly proportionately A B

A

A: It rises gradually
B: It rises gently

B

Respectively

相应地

It rises moderately=There is a medium growth in the number of…=The number of…is in moderation. B 线 须 说 成 It rises comparatively gently, 区 别 于
A 线 It rises sharply.

About 少用

almost well nigh

A
B

The numbers of students in
UK and Japan are 2100 and
2155 respectively
B: It leveled off initially and surged correspondingly. 表 示
某部分的变化趋势与另外一根
一样。

4
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均匀地

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对于这样的曲线确实很难讲清
楚,但是我们发现曲线的起点
和终点较接近,可说成 It rises and falls evenly.表示不管怎么
变化,涨幅和跌幅相同

Evenly

� Phrase
摸高

探底

平均值

大起大落

起落同幅

reach a peak reach a summit

bottom out hit a trough

average out at rise and fall sharply surge and evenly subside

表数量的词
Amount
Quantity
Number

Amount/quantity + <U>
Eg. The amount of production

Number + <C>
Eg. The number of cars
Figure
While the number of internet users was 2.6 million in 1990, this figure has more than doubled in the last two years.
Rate
birth ~/unemployment ~ + increase
Level
the ~ of expenditure + rise
Proportion
the ~ of A to B increase
Percentage
the ~ of women in workforce
Length, distance, volume, size, area, weight, height, frequency, duration


“占”的表达法

� Be







The number of the unemployed was 10% of the population.
Make up
Women made up a significant percentage of the workforce.
Amount to
Paper and cardboard amounted to 21% of the total household waste.
Account for
Fossil fuel emissions accounted for the majority of the greenhouse gases.
Something be shared by/be in the charge of/be due to
Somebody cover/take up/occupy/be responsible for …
并列

As to / as for/ with regard to/with respect to…/Turning to/regarding…
� 递进
In addition, the forecast is for water supply to continue to increase in the next three years.
� 比较与对照
The charts show about a third of the male population was arrested in 1994, while only 9% of the female population was arrested.
On the other hand, an energy gap that continues to widen is forecast, beginning in the late
1990s.
� 类比
Similarly, the number of West Indian immigrants increased more moderately between
5
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1940 and 1960
� 举例
Typically, they will sleep from 10 p.m. and be awoken at 1 a.m. to comfort their babies for a couple of hours.
� 趣味式说明
Interestingly, when there are 3 or more children in the household, men are found to work even fewer hours around the house than before the appearance of the third child.

Task 2


Grammar改错

1.
2.
3.

As many as 60% old people feel lonely at home, they have nobody to share with the glories of their good old days.
Nowadays anyone who study at university need to learn how to use computer.
The develop of personal computers effect on people ’ s lives because small

4.
5.

businesses can easy afford them and this makes their work more efficiency.
The money should be spent on improving school buildings and to help old people.
There was a fourfold rise of Brazilian student enrolments from 1998 to 2000.



语法结构

However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that‘change is always for the better’. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people. A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests.


造句练习

1.
2.
3.
4.

History is of great use.
Security measures are useful.
Government can alleviate housing shortage.
Mobile phones bring us a lot of problems.



句子重心

1.

On the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. The goats grazed peacefully on the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. The goats were grazing peacefully on the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter.
Grazing peacefully, the goats on the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter.
As the goats grazed peacefully on the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. 2.
3.
4.
5.



句子精简

1. A student acquires knowledge mainly from the textbook and in class.
2. When he graduates from school he can do nothing.
6
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雅思精品班写作讲义

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

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Everything is different from what teachers told them.
He may be disappointed.
He may be frustrated.
He may be afraid to face the real world.
Our universities have turned out people of no use.

• 练习
1. The number of bachelor’s degree reached a peak at 43% in year 1996. And it was
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

bottomed out at 33% in 2000.
The number of those who possessed a master degree rose smoothly in the first period from 1991 to 1996. It only added 3 percent.
Young people are the future of a country, and therefore indispensable to a nation. But the young people face some problems nowadays, and governments always overlook them. Nowadays, the world has become a global village. With the process of globalization, some languages of minority are dying out every year.
A businessman would rush to a computer training class after he finishes a big deal.
But at that time he needs a hot bath or a homemade cup of coffee.
Traditions are the foundation of people ’ s life; even a little change will make them uncomfortable, especially old people.


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Broad topics for practice
Career development
Infrastructure
Abstract
Media
Science and technology
Maslow’s theory
Hobby
Ethic
Globalization
Comparison and contrast



Types of questions
Type

Question

Structure

Important points

Discursive
Opinion
Agree or disagree
Problem + causes
+ solutions
Advantages
+ disadvantages �

1.

Figure out the type of the following rubrics:
International tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, it creates

7
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雅思精品班写作讲义

2.

3.
4.
5.



IELTS Copyright Reserved

tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people think that old buildings should be destroyed and make room for new ones. Is it important to preserve them? Should they stand in the way of the progress of new buildings? Give your own opinion.
Motorized flight is the greatest invention in the modern world. No other invention has had a more significant impact on our lives. Do you agree or disagree?
In most parts of the world, the volume of traffic is growing at an alarming rate. Discuss the main traffic problems in your country, their causes and possible solutions.
With the increasing popularity of computers and calculators, student literacy is decreasing dramatically. What are the positive and negative effects the progress of science and technology has brought about?
审题练习

1. When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. Do you agree or disagree?
2. In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. Discuss.
3. It is generally accepted that families are not as close as they used to be. Give some reasons why this change has happened and suggest how families could be brought closer together.
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following 3 means of communication and say which one is the most effective way to provide information.
What I have lived for
Bertrand Russell
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the
Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
8
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Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart.
Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
• Openings and endings
Opening:
• 说明现状



1. It is a fact of life that…
2. It has been widely noted that…
3. There is a growing tendency nowadays for some people to …
4. …has been brought to spotlight recently.
表明问题



1. This raises serious doubts about…
2. Some maintain…, whereas others are convinced that…
3. Diverse contributing factors can be identified, among which, A, B and C are predominant.
作者观点
1. Here I will discuss the issue in the following.
2. Personally, I am convinced that…
3. I share the latter point of view for the following reasons.
• In that A, B and C
• As a result of A, B and C
4. Here I will discuss the pros and cons of the issue.
5. On the one hand, it brings us benefits in A and B; while on the other hand, its dangers lie in C and D.

Opening:


The progression of science and technology is inevitable and undeniable. What is undeniable. under controversy is whether scientists are capable of managing the difficulties and uncertainties of science. To be frank, I am in high favour of the possibility of their disability in getting them over.



There is much discussion nowadays as to whether or not the relationship between family members is as close as before. Diverse contributing factors can be identified. In the following, I would like to present my point of view. identified. view.



It is a fact of life that the development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper

9
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progress and should be abandoned. Moreover, it is natural that people should want to find new ways of doing things.


It is an undeniable fact that scientific and technological developments bring great benefits to people. Especially since the Industrial Revolution took place, our lives people. have been made much more convenient by inventions such as trains, airplanes and computers. But I think that the loss of traditional culture is too high a price to pay for this. this. �

It has been widely noted that, with the popularity of computers and calculators that, both in the classroom and in the room, the level of literacy and mathematical ability of students is deteriorating. This raises serious doubts about the value of the deteriorating. . progress of science and technology. Here I will discuss the pros and cons of this question. question.



There is dispute over when the task of the shaping of a person’s character, or
.
natural disposition, is fulfilled. Some maintain that it is concluded in one’s childhood, whereas others are confident that it is accomplished when one has completed one’s school studies or has had one year of working experience. For my part, I share the latter point of view, and I will give two major reasons why this is so: so: �

There is a growing tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur. This leads to the cruel slaughter of animals all over the world every year. Yet, in my opinion, instead of killing animals, human being should treat them as their friends.



The economic and social gaps between the developed countries and the developing countries are becoming wider and wider in the past decades. It is decades. frequently debated in the international forums whether the wealthy countries should give financial help to the developing countries. In my personal opinion, the opinion, former not only ought to provide, but also should increase the aid to the latter.

Ending


All in all, there are so many problems existing for scientists to get over that they by
.
no means can manage them all temporarily. However, human beings will come to
.
a new era through solving the problems one after another.



Therefore, for the above reasons, I think highly of the effects of science and technology, the development of which is welcome. At the same time, they have welcome. time, eliminated the bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the good parts.



Since there are many different kinds of music in the world, we should adhere to one Chinese proverb, “Let all the flowers blossom”. So when you feel the hope blossom” 10
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is gone, look inside your heart. Then you will feel the hero lies in you, which is the music.


In a word, in modern society overwork is stealing our leisure time. However, I word, believe this problem will be settled eventually with the development of science and development.



We can conclude that the progress of science and technology has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is make sure that the positive ones are effects. encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible. Among possible. other things, this means that students are warned not to let computers and calculators do all their work for them.



To sum up, the reasons for the rise of the juvenile delinquency rate are many. I up, many. have simply pointed out some of the more obvious ones. Nevertheless, it is ones. certain that if the whole of society pays more attention to the sound growth of teenagers and the other youngsters, the juvenile crime rate in urban areas will undoubtedly be rapidly brought down and controlled.



Fast food started out as an expedient to cater for those who can’t afford the time to cook or the expense of traditional food. Now it has become part of our life. Like it life. or not, it is here to stay. On the other hand, traditional food is an inalienable part hand, of our culture, which we can’t afford to give up. So, all in all, the co-existence of culture, can’ up. the two kinds of foods only makes our life more colorful. colorful. �

,
Of course, nuclear power, like other scientific developments, may cause some course, problems. But I believe that, with careful regulation and control, the advantages problems. will far outweigh the disadvantages.



It is inevitable that technology will progress and become increasingly complex. We should, however, ensure that we are still in a position where we are able to
.
control technology. It will be all easy to suddenly discover that technology is controlling us. By then it might be too late. I believe that it is very important to be late. suspicious of the benefits that computers will bring and to make sure that we never become totally dependent on a completely technological world.



Writing skills
a)
b)
c)
Because, for, since, as …
So …
Depend/rely on
Account for/ be responsible for
Contribute to /lead to / result in
Bring about/cause/engender/give rise to/induce/mean/trigger

11
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Be ascribed to/be attributed to
Evolve from/come from
As a result, thus, hence, therefore, consequently
According to/due to/lie in/Be based on/be guided by/In the sense of/through
d)

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(
剑桥上小作文分析(大漠编著) http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=23196 雅思写作答题纸 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=21536. 雅思写作Task 2评分细则 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=21523 雅思写作Task 1评分细则 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=21522 2008全年雅思写作真题与考试点评 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=22063 雅思写作课程教案 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=22085 雅思写作_task1_高分写作技巧 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=22084 雅思作文中常见替换词 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=22953 2009年雅思作文题目汇总及部分范文 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=22954 12
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美国人写的作文 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=23292 写作同义词 http://www.51pigai.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=23294 13
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